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Department of Sciences
Biology Paper
Time: 2 hours

Name: ……………………………………………………………………………………….………… Class: …………….

Instructions to candidates

• Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.

• Answer all the questions.
• Write your answers in the spaces provided for each question or part question.
• The marks for each question or part question are indicated in brackets [ ].
• The maximum mark for this examination paper is [100 marks].

This document contains 15 Printed Pages

1. Complete the crossword puzzle about cells.

Across
2 Which rigid structure surrounds a plant cell?
4 What is the name of a group of different tissues working together?
5 Which structure contains the genetic material in a cell?

Down
1 What is the name of the structure inside a cell where photosynthesis happens?
2 Where in a cell do most chemical reactions happen?
3 What is the name of a group of similar cells?
[Total: 4]

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2. Yeast cells have many structures in common with a plant cell.
Fig. 2.1 is a drawing of a yeast cell.

Fig. 2.1
(a) State the names of the cell structures labelled A and D on Fig. 2.1.

A........................................................................................................................................

D.................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) State the functions of the cell structures labelled B and C on Fig. 2.1.

B ........................................................................................................................................

C ................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) State the name of one structure that is found in plant cells but is absent in yeast cells.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 5]

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3. (a) Pectinase is an enzyme that is used in the production of apple juice.
A student investigated how pH affected the volume of apple juice produced when using
pectinase.
The student chopped an apple into small pieces.
The pieces of apple were put into solutions with different pH values.
Pectinase was added to each solution.
After two hours the mixture was filtered and the volume of apple juice obtained was
recorded.
Table 3.1 shows the results.

Table 3.1

(i) State the pH at which pectinase is most active. Give a reason for your answer.

pH.........................................................................................................................................

reason...................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) State one factor, other than pH, that would affect the activity of pectinase.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(b) Pectinase is an enzyme. The box on the left shows the beginning of a sentence. The
boxes on the right show some endings of sentences.
Draw three lines from the word ‘Enzymes’ to make three correct sentences.

[3]
(c) State one use of enzymes in biotechnology other than fruit juice production.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) Many types of enzymes are involved in digestion.

State the names of two digestive enzymes in the human alimentary canal.

1.........................................................................................................................................

2..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 9]

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4. (a) Some substances move into cells by the process of diffusion.
State the name of the outer part of an animal cell that substances move through during
diffusion.

............................................................................................................................................ [1]

(b) Substances can also move by osmosis and active transport. Table 4.1 shows some of
the features of diffusion, osmosis and active transport.
Complete Table 4.1 by placing one tick (✓) in each row to show the features of diffusion,
osmosis and active transport. One has been done for you.

Table 4.1.

(c) Oxygen moves from the air that we breathe into the blood. State three structures of the
gas exchange system that oxygen molecules must pass through on their way to the
blood.

1..........................................................................................................................................

2..........................................................................................................................................

3.................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 8]

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5. (a) Fig. 5.1 shows six species of reptiles.

Fig. 5.1

(i) Use the key to identify each species.

Write the letter of each species (A–F) in the correct empty box beside the key.

[5]

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(ii) Define the term species.
...........................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) The binomial system of naming organisms tells us the species and the genus of the
organism.
State the genus name for Chamaeleo calyptratus.

............................................................................................................................................ [1]

(c) Table 5.1 shows some features of animals.

Place ticks (✓) next to two features of most reptiles.

[2]

(d) State two features of cells that are shared by all living organisms.

1.......................................................................................................................................

2..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 12]

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6. Catalase is an enzyme found in plant and animal cells.
It has the function of breaking down hydrogen peroxide, a toxic waste product of metabolic
processes.
(a) Define the term enzyme.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………. [3]

An investigation was carried out to study the effect of pH on catalase, using pieces of potato
as a source of the enzyme.
Oxygen is formed when catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide, as shown in the
equation.
catalase
hydrogen peroxide → water + oxygen

The rate of reaction can be found by measuring how long it takes for 10 cm 3 oxygen to
be collected.

(b) (i) State the independent variable in this investigation.

………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

(ii) Suggest two factors that would need to be kept constant in this investigation.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

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 Table 6.1 shows the results of the investigation, but it is incomplete.

Table 6.1
Time to collect 10 cm3 Rate of oxygen
pH of oxygen/min production/cm3min-1
4 20.0 0.50

5 12.5 0.80

6 10.0 1.00

7 13.5 0.74

8 17.5

(c) Calculate the rate of oxygen production at pH 8. Show your working. Write your answer
in Table 6.1

[2]

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(d) Complete the graph by plotting the rate of oxygen
production against pH.

[4]
(e) (i) Using data from the graph, describe the changes in the reaction rate between pH 4
and pH 8.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..[2]

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(ii) Explain the change in the reaction rate between pH 6 and pH 8.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………. [3]

[Total: 17]

7. Fig. 7.1 shows a flower. Some of the petals have been removed.

12
(a) Draw a large diagram of the flower.

[4]
(b) Fig. 7.2 shows a different kind of flower.

13
 Fig. 7.2
(i) Measure the length of the labelled anther in the photograph.

length of anther ................................................... mm [1]

(ii) Use your answer to 7(b) (i) and the equation to calculate the actual length of the
anther.
magnification = length of anther on photograph
actual length of anther
Show your working.

actual length of anther ........................................................ mm [2]

(c) After pollination and fertilisation, seeds will develop. These will disperse to new
environments.
If conditions are suitable they will germinate.
A student put some seeds on wet cotton wool in a Petri dish and left them to germinate.
The student counted the number of seeds that had germinated.
Describe a method the student could use to find the best or optimum temperature for the
germination of seeds.
.................................................................................................................................................
..

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................... [6]

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 (d) After germination, the growing seedling may get most of its energy from food stores inside
the seed.
(i) Describe how you could test the food store inside the seed for starch.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) State the result that shows starch is present.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Starch is broken down into simple sugars.

Most of these sugars are reducing sugars.
Describe how you could test for reducing sugars.
Give your expected observation for a positive test.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 19]

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