Operating System and Windows
Operating system:
- The most importance software that first load on computer when power in on.
- Software that controls the overall operation of computer.
- Acts as a mediator between the user and the computer.
Function of Operating System:
1. Memory management
2. Device Management
3. File Management
4. Security Management
5. Processor Management
6. Error Detection
7. Power management
Different Types of OS
Based on Interface
- CLI (Command Line Interface): works with commands , e. g. DOS
- GUI(Graphical User Interface) Works with graphic or symbol or icon e.g. Windows
Based on User
- Single user:- Only one user can work at a time. e. g. DOS,
- Multi user:- More than one program can run at a time. Unix, Linux
Based on Operation
- Single Task: -Only one task (program) can run at a time. e.g. DOS
- Multi Task:- More than one program can run at a time, e.g. Windows
Different Component of Windows OS
Desktop:
- First screen displayed when windows is logged on .
- It includes desktop background (or wallpaper) and icons of files folders.
Icon:
- Graphical symbol available in GUI based OS
- It represents file folders and program
- User folder, Computer (This PC), Network, Recycle bin, Control Panel is program of Desktop
icons.
Taskbar:
- Long horizontal bar located at the bottom of windows desktop.
- It holds pinned or opened files, folders and running program.
Star Menu:
- The button generally located at the left side of taskbar
- Used to search file, folders and open installed program.
System Tray:
- Area at the right side of taskbar
- Display date time, and other utilities.
- Also known as notification area.
Control Panel:
- It provides the ability to view and change system setting.
- It also can be used to view install program or to install hardware devices.
- You can open from star menu or from the desktop
Control Panel:
- It provides the ability to view and change system setting.
- It also can be used to view install program or to install hardware devices.
- You can open from star menu or from the desktop
Some component of control panel is:
Key board: To change the keyboard like curser blinking rate.
Date and Time: To set/ change date and time based on specific region
Language: To set different language setting.
Networking potion: To change sharing option
Fonts Folder: View all installed fonts and Install new fonts (drag and drop or right-click >
Install).
Program and Features: Remove unwanted or unused software from your PC.
File Explore option/Folder Option: is a Control Panel tool used to configure how files and
folders are displayed and behave in Windows File Explorer.
User Accounts: The User Accounts section in the Control Panel lets you manage your
personal account settings and other users on your computer.
Windows Defender is the built-in Antivirus and security software in Windows.
It protects your system from viruses, malware, spyware, ransom ware, and other threats —
without needing third-party antivirus software.
Accessories of Windows
The built-in basic tools and applications that come pre-installed with Windows.
Notepad Simple text editor for quick notes and scripts.
Paint Basic drawing and image editing tool.
Calculator Performs arithmetic and scientific calculations.
Snipping Tool / Snip & Sketch Capture screenshots and annotate them.
WordPad Basic word processing application.
Command Prompt (cmd) Command-line interface for advanced tasks.
File Explorer Browse files and folders.
Character Map Insert special characters and symbols.
Windows Media Player Play audio and video files.
DOS (Disk Operating System)
DOS is a command-line operating system used in early personal computers.
DOS Command: A command is an instructions given to computer to perform certain task.
There are two types of DOS command Internal and External Command.
Internal Command:
-Command that are loaded in primary memory (RAM) when computer start.
-Examples Date:-to display current system date.
MD/MKDIR:- to create a directory (Folder
DEL/ERASE:- to delete files
External Command:
-Command that are resided on secondary memory and do not load when computer starts.
-Examples TREE:- Display the folder and subfolders in three structure
EDIT:- To edit file
XCOPY:- Copies a file to another location.
How to start DOS
