Date : 03-09-2025 STD 6 History & Civics Total Marks : 131

* Fill in the blanks. [12]

1. The two rivers associated with the Mesopotamian civilization were the _____ and
the Euphrates.
Ans. : The two rivers associated with the Mesopotamian civilization were
the Tigris and the Euphrates.
2. The three major civilization that rose and fell in the Mesopotamian Valley were
_______, Babylonian and Assyrian civilizations.
Ans. : The three major civilizations that rose and fell in the Mesopotamian Valley
were Sumcriaon, Babylonian and Assyrian civilizations.
3. Mesopotamia is called the __________ and grave of many civilizations.
Ans. : Mesopotamia is called the cradle and grave of many civilizations.
4. To ensure a steady supply of water throughout the year, the Mesopotamian
built an ______ and highly developed irrigation system. They also built dykes to
control floods.
Ans. : To ensure a steady supply of water throughout the year, the Mesopotamian
built an elaborate and highly developed irrigation system. They also built dykes to
control floods.
5. The Mesopotamians kept a record of the business accounts on _______
Ans. : The Mesopotamians kept a record of the business accounts on clay tablets
6. The Nile provided water for ________ and also served as a national highway.
Ans. : The Nile provided water for Irrigation and also served as a national highway.
7. Egyptian women were treated with ______.
Ans. : Egyptian women were treated with respect.
8. The staple diet of the ancient Egyptians consisted of ______ and beer.
Ans. : The staple diet of the ancient Egyptians consisted of wheat and beer.
9. Egyptian houses had small windows high up on the walls to keep out the
____ and let in the daylight.
Ans. : Egyptian houses had small windows high up on the walls to keep out
the sun and let in the daylight.
10. The chief occupation of the ancient Egyptians was ____________.
Ans. : The chief occupation of the ancient Egyptians was agriculture.
11. Two examples that prove that the Egyptians were great builders
are __________ and Sphinx.

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 Ans. : Two examples that prove that the Egyptians were great builders are
Pyramids and Sphinx.
12. Two important gods of the Egyptians were ___ and Osiris.
Ans. : Two important gods of the Egyptians were Ra and Osiris.

* TRUE / FALSE [10]

13. Mesopotamia is called the cradle and grave of many civilizations.

Ans. : True
14. Natural barriers surrounded Mesopotamia.
Ans. : False.
Correct: Natural barriers have not surrounded Mesopotamia.
15. The girls in Mesopotamia were sent to school to learn to read and write.
Ans. : False.
Correct: The girls in Mesopotamia were sent to school to learn dance and music.
16. The Mesopotamians had trade relations with people in the Indus Valley.
Ans. : True.
17. The king was regarded as the representative of God on earth.
Ans. : True.
18. The city of Alexandria was founded by Alexander the Great.
Ans. : True
19. Women were more or less equal to men in the eyes of law.
Ans. : True
20. Only the woman in ancient Egypt wore jewellery.
Ans. : False.
Correct: Men and women both in ancient Egypt wore jewellery.
21. The Egyptians followed the barter system.
Ans. : True
22. The ruler of Egypt was known as the pharaoh.
Ans. : True

* Answer The Following Questions In One Sentence. [32]

23. Text Book Keyword

Stylus
Ans. : Stylus was a sharp pen made of reed, bone, or metal. Hammurabi's code of
low It was the earliest complete record of laws written by King Hammurabi of
Babylon.

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24. Text Book Keyword

Hammurabi's code of low

Ans. : It was the earliest complete record of laws written by King Hammurabi of
Babylon.
25. Dams/Canals/temple-towers were found in the sacred area of the city of Ur.
Ans. : Temple-towers were found in the sacred area of the city of Ur.
26. The main occupation of the Mesopotamians was agriculture/trade/art and craft.
Ans. : The main occupation of the Mesopotamians was agriculture.
27. The Mesopotamians are believed to be the first to cultivate barley/wheat/pulses.
Ans. : The Mesopotamians are believed to be the first to cultivate wheat.
28. Each Mesopotamian city had its own special God/king/ priest.
Ans. : Each Mesopotamian city had its own special god.
29. Answer the following question in one or two words/sentences:
What is the meaning of the word ‘Mesopotamia’?
Ans. : Mesopotamia means ‘the land between two rivers’ in the Greek language.
The Mesopotamian civilization developed between the rivers Euphrates and Tigris.
30. Which crop was first cultivated by the Mesopotamians? Name three other crops
cultivated by them.
Ans. : Wheat was the first crop cultivated by the Mesopotamians. Barley, pulses,
and fruits were also cultivated by them.
31. Name three important specialized skills of the Mesopotamians.
Ans. : Pottery, weaving, and metalwork were important specialized skills of the
Mesopotamians.
32. How do we know that the Mesopotamians had trade links with the people of the
Indus Valley?
Ans. : Seals found in the Indus valley, show that the Mesopotamians had trade
links with the people of Indus valley.
33. How do we know that Mesopotamians believed in life after death?
Ans. : Drinking vessels ornaments, weapons, etc. have been found in some graves.
By these things, we know that Mesopotamians believed in life after death.
34. What were the important occupations of the Mesopotamians?
Ans. : The main occupation of the Mesopotamians was agriculture.
35. Which products did Mesopotamians export?

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 Ans. : Mesopotamians exported food grains and finished products were exported
to the Mediterranean countries and Egypt.
36. Where did the Mesopotamians kept a record of the business accounts?
Ans. : The Mesopotamians kept a record of the business account on clay tablets.
37. What things proof of the technical knowledge and of the artisans
Mesopotamians?
Ans. : The discovery of metal objects, statues gold and silver ornaments, and potter
is proof of the technical knowledge and skill of the Mesopotamians artisans.
38. Describe the place of the king for Mesopotamians?
Ans. : The king was the chief priest and the representative of God on earth for
Mesopotamians.
39. Text Book Keyword
Ziggurats
Ans. : Ziggurats: Ziggurats were sacred temple-towers. They were dedicated to the
patron god and were also used as schools, granaries, and trade centers.
40. Text Book Keyword
Cuneiform
Ans. : It was the wedge-shaped script of the Mesopotamians, written on clay
tablets.
41. Text Book Keyword
Mesopotamia
Ans. : Mesopotamia: Mesopotamia means ‘the land between two rivers’ in the
Greek language. The Mesopotamian civilisations developed between the rivers
Euphrates and Tigris.
42. Text Book Keyword
Hyksos tribes
Ans. : They invaded and ruled Egypt for about a husband years (1,700 BCE – 1,600
BCE).
43. Text Book Keyword
Ptolemy
Ans. : He was one of the generals of Alexander the Great. He was also the founder
of the last dynasty of Egypt. Pharaoh He was an Egyptian King.
44. Text Book Keyword
Cleopatra
Ans. : She was the famous queen of Egypt whose death in 30 BCE also marked the
end of the Egyptian civilization.

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45. Text Book Keyword
Mummification
Ans. : This is the preservation of dead bodies by embalming them. The preserved
dead bodies are called mummies.
46. Text Book Keyword
Hieroglyphic Script
Ans. : It was writing developed by the Egyptians. Hieroglyphic means ‘sacred
writing’.
47. Text Book Keyword
Papyrus
Ans. : Papyrus Plant is a water reed from which the ancient Egyptians made paper.
The word paper is derived from papyrus.
48. The figure on the right is of gods and goddesses.

How do we know that they believed in life after death?

Ans. : The Egyptians believed in life after death. So they preserved the body of the
dead. Food, wine, clothes, furniture, jewellery and weapons were put into the
tombs.
49. Who called Egypt ‘Gift of the Nile’.
Ans. : The ancient Greek historian. ‘Herodotus’ called Egypt the ‘Gift of the Nile’.
50. Who was the founder of the last dynasty of Egypt?
Ans. : Ptolemy was the founder of the last dynasty of Egypt.
51. How many parts Egypt was divided into from the earliest times?
Ans. : From the earliest times, Egypt was divided into two parts.
1. Lower Egypt
2. Upper Egypt
52. Text Book Keyword
Sphinx

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 Ans. : It is an architectural marvel of ancient Egypt. It is a mythological figure with
the body of a lion and the face of a man.
53. What is one of the Seven Wonders of the world of Egyptians?
Ans. : The ‘Great Pyramid at Giza’ is one of the seven wonders of the world of
Egyptians.
54. Write the names of exported and imported products of Egyptians?
Ans. : Egyptians exported linen, wheat, glassware, jewellery, and furniture.
They imported gold, ivory copper, and cedarwood.

* Answer The Following Questions in Brief. [28]

55. Answer the following question in one or two words/sentences:

What did the Mesopotamians invent to increase agricultural yield?
Ans. : To increase agricultural yield, they invented the ox-drawn plough. They also
used the wheeled wagon for the transportation of goods. The modem world is
indebted to them for these inventions.
56. Name the greatest contributions of the Mesopotamians in the field of
architecture.
Ans. :
1. The Mesopotamians introduced architectural forms such as arches,
columns, domes, and vaults in the construction of buildings.
2. Their temple-towers and The Hanging Garden of Babylon is a brilliant
specimen of Mesopotamian architecture. This is believed to be one of the
greatest contributions of Mesopotamia in the field of architecture.
57. Give an account of family life in the Mesopotamian society.
Ans. : The father was the head of the family. The rights of women were protected.
Children were brought up very strictly and boys were sent to schools to study
arithmetic, reading, and writing. Girls were trained in dance and music.
58. Give a brief account of trade that developed in Mesopotamia.
Ans. : Stone, timber, and metal ores were scarce in Mesopotamia and so these
commodities were traded for the produce of the fields. A flourishing foreign trade
developed. Foodgrains and finished products were exported to the Mediterranean
countries and Egypt.
59. Explain briefly the religious beliefs and practices of the Mesopotamians.
Ans. : The Mesopotamians believed in many gods. Every city had its own special
god. They worshipped the sun, rain, moon, and stars. Mesopotamians believed that
the king was the chief priest and the representative of God on earth. The priests
occupied a very important position in society. The Mesopotamians also believed in
life after death.

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60. Write a short note on the following:
Family life
Ans. : The father was the head of the family. The rights of women were protected.
Children were brought up very strictly and boys were sent to schools to study
arithmetic, reading, and writing. Girls were trained in dance and music.
61. What led to the decline of the Mesopotamian Civilization?
Ans. : The following causes led to the decline of the Mesopotamian civilization.
1. The Euphrates River is the lifeline of this great civilization, unexpectedly
changed its course. The region became drier and drier like a desert.
2. Winds and sandstorms might have been responsible for the destruction of
Mesopotamian civilization
62. What were the achievements of the Mesopotamians in the field of knowledge?
Ans. : They built canals and dikes to promote agriculture. They introduced
Hammurabi's code of law. Mesopotamians were the first to grow wheat, the
invention of the wheel, and also issued receipts and bills in business transactions.
63. Text Book Keyword
Great Pyramid at Giza
Ans. : Great Pyramid of Giza is the largest pyramid in Egypt, built by King Khufu or
Cheops. It is also among the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Sphinx, is an
architectural marvel of ancient Egypt. It is a mythological figure with the body of a
lion and the face of a man.
64. Text Book Keyword
Ra
Ans. : He was the sun God of the Egyptian civilization. He was the most important
god of the Egyptians.
Osiris He was the god of the blessed dead.
65. How did the Egyptian desert help in the development of Egyptian culture and
civilization?
Ans. : These deserts served as natural barriers to foreign invasions. So the early
Egyptian settlers enjoyed many years of peace and security. This atmosphere help
in the development of Egyptian culture and civilization
66. How many periods in the history of ancient Egypt divided into? Name them.
Ans. : The history of ancient Egypt is divided into three periods.
1. The Old Kingdom approximately 3,000 BCE – 2,000 BCE
2. The Middle Kingdom approximately 2,000 BCE – 1,700 BCE
3. The New Kingdom approximately 1,600 BCE – 1,100 BCE

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67. The figure on the right is of gods and goddesses.

The people of which civilization worshiped these gods and goddesses? What
kind of temples did they build?
Ans. : The Egyptians worshiped these gods and goddesses.
The Egyptian Architects and engineers built remarkable temples which were known
as Pyramid and Sphinx.
68. The figure on the right is of gods and goddesses.

With reference to this civilization answer in one or two words.

(a) One of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world: ……….
(b) Embalming a corpse: …………………..
(c) Sun god: …………..
(d) God of the dead: ..............
Ans. : (a) The Great Pyramid at Giza
(b) Mummification
(c) Ra
(d) Osiris

* Answer The Following Questions. [21]

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69. Answer the following question briefly:
What were the main features of town planning in Mesopotamia?
Ans. : The city was divided into three main parts of the sacred areas, the walled city
on a mound, and the outer town. The sacred area had the temple-tower or
ziggurat dedicated to the patron God of the city. There were smaller temples
dedicated to other gods. This area also had the storehouse as well as the ^ offices.
People lived in the walled city and the outer town areas. Houses were built along
the streets. Each house had a central courtyard with room around it.
70. Why is Egypt called the ‘Gift of the Nile’?

Ans. : The Nile has proved a great boon for Egypt. The river Nile makes the land
quite fertile. The Egyptian farmers can grow crops in the same fields year after
year. The Nile also served as a highway and made navigation possible. This thing
promoted trade and commerce within the country as well as with other countries
of the world. Rightly Egypt has been called ‘The Gift of Nile.’
71. Describe briefly the social structure of ancient Egypt.
Ans. : The Egyptians were divided into three distinct classes. These are following
1. The upper class: The upper class consisted of the royal family, rich
landowners, high ranking priests, government officials, and doctors.
2. The middle class: The middle class consisted of merchants, manufacturers,
craftspersons, and the lower clergy.
3. The lower class: This class consisted of the peasants, At the bottom of the
social hierarchy were the slaves who were mainly prisoners of war.
72. Briefly describe the family life of the early Egyptians.
Ans. : The families were close-knit groups. The relationship between the husband,
wife, and children was usually close. The father was the head of the family. Women
were treated with respect and their property rights were protected. Children
enjoyed carefree and happy lives. Wealthy families lived lives of luxury and
pleasure.
73. Give an account of trade in ancient Egypt.
Ans. : Trade was earned on both by land and sea routes. For internal trade, goods
were transported by boats and barges along the Nile and by road on camels and
donkeys. For foreign trade, the Egyptians built the world’s first seafaring ships.
They exported linen, wheat, glassware, jewelry, and furniture. They imported gold,
ivory, copper and cedarwood. The king controlled foreign trade. The barter system
was used and the mediums of exchange were usually grain, silver, and copper.
74. Why did the Egyptian civilization decline?
 Ans. : The decline of the Egyptian empire set in with the collapse of the New
Kingdom. Egypt was repeatedly invaded by the Babylonians, Assyrians, Persians,
and finally by Alexander the Great. Alexander founded the city of Alexandria. It later
became one of the greatest cultural centers of the ancient world during the reign
of Ptolemy, one of the generals of Alexander. Ptolemy was the founder of the last
dynasty of Egypt.
75. Write on Political life and Administration of Egyptians?
Ans. : The Pharaoh was the king of Egypt. He was a hereditary ruler and was
believed to be God’s representative on earth. He was at the head of an advanced
administration. The country was divided into provinces called ‘nomes’, each
governed by an official called ‘nomarch’. The king was assisted., by officials. They
supervised every aspect of the administration, including tax collection. The
government-controlled all the resources.

* Answer The Following Questions In Detail. [20]

76. This is the picture of a building in the Mesopotamian city of ur.

1. Identify the building.

2. What is the significance of the building?
3. What do you know about the architectural contributions of the
Mesopotamians?
Ans. : 1. The Ziggurat of Ur
2. Ziggurats were temple-tower, found in the sacred area of the city of Ur. They
were monumental structures made from sun-baked bricks. They were dedicated to
the patron god of the city. They were many stores high and decorated with tiles,
precious stones, and marble. Ziggurats were also used as schools, granaries, and
trade centers.
3.
1. The Mesopotamians introduced architectural forms such as arches,
columns, domes, and vaults in the construction of buildings.
2. Their temple-towers and The Hanging Garden of Babylon is a brilliant
specimen of Mesopotamian architecture.
3. This is believed to be one of the greatest contributions of Mesopotamia in
the field of architecture.
77. Describe the structure of dwelling houses in ancient Egypt.
 Ans. : Houses were built around the crossing of two major roads. They were made
of sun-baked bricks. Almost all the houses had flat roofs. The number of rooms in
each house depended on whether the family was rich or poor. While most of the
people lived in a one or two-room house without bathrooms, the richest people
lived in three ­stored houses, usually made of stone, with as many as thirty rooms
with bathrooms, gardens, and pools. An average house had three rooms, a
courtyard, and a kitchen area. A narrow staircase led to the roof. The windows
were small and were placed high up close to the ceiling to keep out the sun and let
the daylight enter.
78. State the main occupations of the ancient Egyptians. Discuss any two.
Ans. : Agriculture, Domestication of Animals, Art and craft, Architecture and
Engineering, Trade and commerce, mummification are the main occupation of the
ancient Egyptians.
Agriculture: The chief occupation of the Egyptians was agriculture. The Nile
provided water for irrigation. The Egyptians farmers can grow crops on the fertile
land year after year. Their chief crops were wheat barley and millet. Vegetables and
fruits were also grown.
Domestication of Animals: The second occupation of Egyptians was the
domestication of Animals. Pigs, Cows, Sheep, goats, camels, doves and geese were
domesticated.
79. Describe the religion of people in ancient Egypt.
Ans. : The Egyptians worshiped many gods and goddesses connected with nature.
Ra, the sun god, and Osiris, the god of the dead, were among the most important
gods.
The pharaohs, the rulers of Egypt, were also worshiped as gods. Each god had his
own temple and priest. Every city, town, and village had its own favourite god.
Certain animals and birds such as the jackal, crocodile, bull, and hawk were also
worshiped.
The Egyptians believed in life after death. So they preserved the body of the dead.
A dead body was embalmed with spices and wrapped in fine linen. Such a
preserved body is known as a mummy. Food, wine, clothes, furniture, jewellery,
and weapons were put into the tombs. The pyramids were the tombs of the
pharaohs.

* Match The Following. [8]

80. Match the column.

A B
1. Civilization a. One of the seven wonders
of the ancient world
2. Sumerian civilization b. temple-tower
 3. Ziggurats c. representative of God on
earth
4. Hanging Gardens of d. advanced system of social
Babylon development
e. world's first civilization

Ans. :
A B
1. Civilization d. advanced system of social
development
2. Sumerian civilization e. world's first civilization
3. Ziggurats b. temple-tower
4. Hanging Gardens of a. One of the seven wonders
Babylon of the ancient world

81. Match the Columns:

A B
1. Herodotus a. rulers of Egypt
2. Pharaohs b. preserved dead body
3. Pyramids c. a mythological animal
4. Sphinx d. tombs of ancient Egyptian Kings
e. ancient Egyptian script
Ans. :
A B
1. Herodotus e. ancient Egyptian script
2. Pharaohs a. rulers of Egypt
3. Pyramids d. tombs of ancient Egyptian Kings
4. Sphinx a. rulers of Egypt

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