Selective and differential media

Macconkey agar

Bacteria requires V factor

H.parainfluenzae

Bacteria requires V and X. factor

X and V factor.-> Haemophilus influenzae
V factor only. -> Haemophilus parainfluenzae
X factor only. -> Haemophilus haemoglobinophilus

Reagent detect fungi

KoH 10%

Capsule stain
India ink

The patient takes 3 doses of HBV how much the vaccine dilution should be
10
100
1000

‫ ﻓﺎﻛﺴﯿﻦ اذا اﻻﻧﺘﻲ ﺑﻮدي‬HBV ‫ﻣﺘﻰ ﻻزم اﺧﺬ‬

10
100
1000

Rice eatery stool can caused

Vibrio cholera

‫ ﻟﻸطﻔﺎل ﺣﺪﯾﺜﻲ اﻟﻮﻻده ﻧﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﮫ ﻣﻦ اﻻم اﻟﺤﺎﻣﻞ او اﻟﻄﻔﻞ‬Meningitis

Vaginal swab of mother

400 petri dish how many take for control

4
10
20
40
‫ ﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬١٠٠ ‫ إذا أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ‬٪5 ‫ إﻟﻰ‬٪3 ‫ وﻓﻲ ﺣﺪود‬١٠٠ ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اذا ﻛﺎن ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺒﻠﯿﺘﺎت أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬٪10

If you have a pathoginc sample that causes pneumonia, you should wear
Double mask
Face shield
N95
 Bactiria cause plasma to clot
Staphylococcus aureus

Respiratory tract infection if the sputum

Have Pus

If the zone being bigger than original in antibiotic susceptibility testing means
Agar was too thin
Incubated at extremely hot
cultured too much bacteria
(higher temp, agar too thick >> small zones ‫)اذا ﻛﺎن‬
(lower temp, agar too thin >> bigger zones ‫)اذا ﻛﺎن‬

Patient have fever for 3 days and they did for him a blood film and oval RBC found, the
expected result will be
P.vivac
P. Malaria
P.ovale
Falciparum

‫( ﻛﻢ ﻟﻔﮫ وﻗﯿﻘﮫ‬fect)‫ﻋﯿﻨﮫ ﺑﺮاز ﻓﻲ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬

5m,100gb
10m,200gb
15m,300gb
10m,500gb

Bacteria with satalttism

staphylococcus and haemophilus

Sputum sample under microscope what the indicator for infection

WBC- pus cell

Pseudomonas color inneutrent agar

Green

Bacteria in the bloodstream

Bactremia

Crystals in urine sample

calcium oxalate

Syphilis test
VDRL
 Virus transmet by animal bite
Rabies

loop size for urine culture

0.001

have 4 nuclie
Entamobea histolytica

cooked meat media

Identification of clostridium

double zone hemolysis on blood agar by

Clostridium perfringens (B hemolytic)

Malaria trans by
Mosquito

Urinary blood fluke

Schistosoma haematobium

Bacteria causes food poisoning

C.perfringes

Patient coughing what bacteria causing

Bordetalla pertussis

Swarming caused by which bacteria

Proteus

Bacteria caused meningitide

N.meningit

Bacteria motile by
Flagella

Staph aureus growth in

MSA

‫ ﻓﻲ اي ﻣﺮﺣﻠﮫ‬syphilis‫ﺗﺨﺘﻔﻲ اﻋﺮاض اﻻﺻﺎﺑﮫ او اﻻﻧﺘﯿﺠﯿﻨﺎت ) ﻣﺎﺗﺬﻛﺮ اﻟﺼﯿﻐﮫ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ( ﺑﺎل‬

Primary
Tertiary
secondry
latent
 E.coli color in cled agar
Yellow

Mordant of Indol test

Kovac

Acid fast stain (Ziehl–Neelsen stain)

Pos-bacteria – red or pink
Background – blue
Counter stain - methylene blue
Acid-fast: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium smegmatis.
Non-Mycobacterial bacteria: Nocardia
Coccidian Parasites: Cryptosporidium

vibrio shows yellowish in TCBS agar by

(sucrose-fermenting) on TCBS agar

Leishmania media
Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle (NNN)

Bacteria positive indole test

E.coli - Proteus vulgaris

Bacitracin ‫ و‬camp ‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﻘﮫ ال‬

Camp. Bacitracin
Positive- Strept agalactiae- Resistant
Negative- Strept pyogenes- Sensitive

Microorganism resistance for ovallicin

Yeast

yellow brown barrel egg producing plug polar

Trichuris trichiura (tricuriasis)

agar percent In soiled media and semisolid media

Solid medium - 1.5-2.0%
Semisolid medium - 0.5% or less

What microbe you use it by control in Mueller-Hinton agar

Staph
Strepto
H.influenza
Pseudomonas
MacConkey agar is a selective and differentiating agar by ferment
Lactose

Microbe depend on other microbe for growth

h.influenzae depened on S.aureus

Oxyuris test by
Scotch tape

hemoglobin caused Thalassaemia

Hbf

Diphtheria stain
Albert's stain and

Diphtheria agar
Loeffler agar

?!‫ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﯾﻮرن ﻛﺎن ﻓﯿﮫ ﻋﻜﺎرة ھﺬا ﯾﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﯾﺶ‬

Contain WBCs

‫ ﻟﯿﺶ ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﻔﻄﺮﯾﺎت‬KOH‫ﻣﺎدة ال‬

‫ﻻﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﺪﻣﺮ ﺧﻼﯾﺎ اﻟﻜﯿﺮاﺗﯿﻦ‬

‫ ﻣﻦ ﯾﻔﺮز اﻟﺴﻢ ھﺬا‬Streptolysin O

Streptococcus pyogenes

‫ﺑﯿﺌﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﻤﻮﻧﯿﻼ‬
Rappaport-vassiliiadis (RV)

S.aureus‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎد اﻟﺤﯿﻮي ﻟﻞ‬

Penicillins

csf‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﯿﻨﺔ‬wbc‫اﯾﺶ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻌﺪ ال‬

Chambers

:‫ ﻋﺼﯿﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬٩-١ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ ﯾﻄﻠﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺤﺺ ل اﻟﺴﻞ‬

+
++
+++
1 feild -> +++
10 feilds -> ++
100 feilds -> +
 ‫ اﻗﻞ اﺻﺎﺑﮫ او ﻧﺎدر اﻻﺻﺎﺑﮫ؟؟‬enterobacteriaceas ‫اﯾﺶ اﻟﻤﺎﯾﻜﺮوب‬
E.coli-
shigella-
klepsilla

‫ اﯾﺎم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻛﻠﺖ اﺟﺎر‬٣ ‫اﯾﺶ اﻟﻤﺎﯾﻜﺮوب اﻟﻠﻲ ﯾﻨﻤﻮ ﺑﻌﺪ‬

Aspergillus flavus

(‫ ) اﻟﺘﮭﺎب اﻟﻠﻮزﺗﯿﻦ‬Tonsillitis
Strept. Pyogens

Bacteria that contain endospor

Bacillus clostridium spp

Confirmation test for Syphilis

Test (FTA-ABS)

(‫ )اﻟﺪودة اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻄﯿﺔ‬Tape worms

Cestodes

(FECT technique )
Helminths and Protozoa

Mycobacterium is
Obligatory Aerobic

ziehl-neelsen stainin Mycobacterium

Glycolipids → Mycolic acid

how many round and minute in centrifuge for parasite

10 minute at 500g

‫ اﺗﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﺘﻮﻛﻮﻛﺲ ﻋﻨﺪھﺎ ﻛﺎﺑﺴﻮل‬india ink ‫ﺑﺼﺒﻐﺔ‬

By germ tube

which of the following nucleic acid is present in hepatitis B virus

dsDNA
ssRNA
ssDNA
none of the above

‫ﺷﺨﺺ ﻋﻨﺪه ﺣﺒﻮب ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﻢ‬

‫ھﺮﺑﺲ اﻟﻨﻮع اﻻول‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﻄﻲ ﻟﻮن وردي ﻣﺨﺎطﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﻛﻮﻧﻜﻲ‬
Klebsiella

‫اﻟﺴﻜﺮ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎﻛﻮﻧﻜﻲ‬

Lactose

Bacillary dysantery ‫ﻣﯿﻦ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ‬

‫اﻟﺸﯿﻘﯿﻼ‬

‫ﺑ ﻨ ﺖ ﺗ ﺴ ﺒ ﺢ و ﺟ ﺎ ھ ﺎ ﻓ ﺎ ﯾ ﺮ وس‬
adinovirs

‫ﻛﺎﻧﺪﯾﻨﺎ اﻟﺒﯿﻜﺎن ﻟﻤﺎ ﺗﻨﻤﻮ اﯾﺶ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ‬

Chlamydospores

media contain egg yolk

Egg yolk media

+HIV ‫ اﯾﺶ ﯾﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﯾﺾ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺘﮫ‬-٣٨

CD+4 High
CD+8 High
WBC Low

‫ وان ھﻢ ﻣﻮﻋﺎرﻓﯿﻦ اذا اﺧﺬوا اﻟﺘﻄﻌﯿﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ او ﻻ ﺑﺮاﯾﻚ ﻣﺎﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﮫ ؟‬HBV ‫ اوﻻد ﺟﻮ ﻟﻌﯿﺎدة ﯾﻄﻌﻤﻮن‬3 ‫ﺣﺎﻟﮫ ﻣﺮﺿﯿﺔ ﻋﻦ‬
Ab
Ag
‫ﯾﻄﻌﻤﻮﻧﮭﻢ ﺗﻄﻌﯿﻤﮫ ﺛﺎﻧﯿﮫ‬
‫ﯾﻄﻠﺒﻮن ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺗﻄﻌﯿﻤﺎت اﻟﻲ اﺧﺬﺗﮫ‬

Differential test between Staph and Strept

Cataleas positive in staph

Differential test between Candida albcans and other

Germ tube

filamentous fungi
Mycelium

Bacteria growth in Chocolate agar need factor

V,X
 ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﮫ ﻟﻠﺴﻮال اﻟﻠﻲ ذﻛﺮوه ﻗﺒﻞ ان اﺗﺠﺎھﺎت‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺴﻮال‪ ...‬ﻛﯿﻒ ﻧﺴﻮي ‪ detect‬ﻟﻞ ‪RNA‬‬
‫‪Western‬‬
‫‪Southern‬‬
‫‪Northen‬‬
‫‪Spot‬‬

‫‪Hepatitis B,C,D trans by‬‬

‫‪Sexual and parents‬‬

‫‪vibrio cholerae ferment‬‬

‫‪Ferment sucrose‬‬

‫ﻧﺴﯿﺮﯾﺎ ﻗﻮرﻧﯿﺎ ﺗﺼﯿﺐ اﻻطﻔﺎل ﺑﻤﺮض ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﯿﻦ اﯾﺶ‬

‫‪Ophthalmia gonococcal‬‬

‫ﺧﻼﯾﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻮﺟﻮده ﻟﻤﺎ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻓﯿﮫ اﺻﺎﺑﮫ ﺑﺎراﺳﺎﯾﺖ‬

‫‪Eosinophils‬‬

‫ﻛﯿﻒ ﻧﻔﺮق ﺑﺲ اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ و ‪tb‬‬

‫‪Zieh-neelson‬‬

‫ﺷﺨﺺ ﻋﻨﺪه اﯾﺪز واﺧﺬﻧﺎ ﻋﯿﻨﮫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ )‪ (CSF‬وﻛﺎن ﻓﯿﮫ ﯾﯿﺴﺖ اﯾﺶ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺻﺒﻐﮫ ﻋﺸﺎن ﻧﻔﺮق اذا ﯾﯿﺴﺖ او ﻛﺎﺋﻦ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ او‬
‫ﻛﺎن ﯾﻘﺼﺪ اﯾﺶ اﻟﻲ ﺑﯿﻄﻠﻊ وﻛﺎن ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺴﻮال ﺻﺒﻐﮫ ‪india ink‬‬
‫واﺧﺘﺮت ‪ cryptococcus neoformans‬ﻋﺸﺎن اﻟﺼﺒﻐﮫ‬

‫‪Listeri is‬‬
‫‪Gram +rod‬‬

‫ﺳﺤﺐ ﻋﯿﻨﮫ ﺑﻠﻮد ‪ ٥٠‬ﻣﻞ ﻛﻢ راح ﺗﺴﺤﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ‬

‫‪10ml‬‬

‫‪Nagler reaction detect of‬‬

‫‪c.perfringens‬‬

‫ﺗﺒﻲ ﺗﺰع ﻋﯿﻨﮫ ﻓﻄﺮ وﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻄﮭﺎ‬

‫‪SDA‬‬

‫ﻣﯿﻦ ﯾﻌﻄﯿﻨﻲ ﯾﻮرﯾﺲ ﺑﺲ ﺑﻄﻲ‬

‫‪h.pylori‬‬
‫‪cryptococcus‬‬
‫‪protus‬‬
‫‪klebsiella‬‬
 All of the following are true about agar except
agar is inert (Nonnutritive)
Nutritiou
Solidity at 42c
Melts at 100c

‫ﻣﯿﺪﯾﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗﮭﺎ اﻟﺒﯿﺾ وﺻﺎﻟﺤﮫ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﯾﻜﻮﺑﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ‬

‫ﻟﻮﻧﺴﺘﯿﻦ ﺟﻨﺴﻦ‬

‫ﻋﯿﻨﺎت اﻟﺪم ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻄﻠﻊ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺘﮭﺎ وش ﻧﺴﻮي ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬

‫ﻧﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻔﻈﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻼﺟﮫ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻔﻈﮭﺎ ﺑﺪرﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻣﯿﻜﺮوﺑﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮده ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء‬

EMB

Microscopic stool examination Direct smear

Normal saline

Media used for stool samples

XLD-TCBS

Microscopic stool examin Indirect smear

Concentration precipitation technique

‫ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬Hcv ‫ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ‬
Ab

Ag ‫ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻻﻟﯿﺰا‬HIV ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ‬

HIV_P24 ‫اﻟﺨﯿﺎرات ﻣﻐﯿﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻗﻢ‬

‫واﻟﻘﺮام ﺳﺘﯿﻦ ﯾﺼﺒﻎ ﻟﻲ اﯾﺶ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬

Cell wall

The antigen responsible for the effect of Neisseria

Pili

Neisseria is gram
Gram + cocci

‫ ﺗﺎﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﯿﻦ‬Giardia

Duodenum
 Histoplasmosis is a disease caused by
Fungi

C.diphtheria growth in
loeffler serum medium

In serial dilution of flooded 2 tube the dilute in number 6 is

1:64

MIC and MBC ‫اﯾﺶ ﻧﺴﺘﻔﯿﺪ ﻣﻦ‬

‫( اﻗﻞ ﻛﻤﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎد ﻧﺤﺘﺎﺟﮭﺎ ﻟﺘﺜﺒﻂ ﻧﻤﻮ اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ‬MIC)
‫( اﻗﻞ ﻛﻤﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎد ﺗﻘﺘﻞ اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻀﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﯾﺾ‬MBC)

alpha hemolysis ‫اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ اﻟﻲ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ‬

S.pneumonia
S.Viridans

butterfly wings
S.agalactiae

hydatid cystic, is caused by infection with the larval stage of

Echinococus granulosus

perianal ‫ او‬anus ‫طﻔﻠﮫ رﺟﻌﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﮫ و اﻣﮭﺎ اﻧﺘﺒﮭﺖ اﻧﻮ ﻋﻨﺪھﺎ ﺣﻜﮫ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﮫ‬
Entrobius vermiculari

scotch- tap test

Entrobius vermiculari

Egg operculum
Fasciola hepatica

Mycobactiruim.kassi ‫ و‬M.tubrcloses ‫اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﯿﻦ‬

Media - Arylsulphatase
Stain - Ziehl–Neelsen stain

‫ﻋﯿﻨﺎت ﻣﺰرﻋﺔ اﻟﺒﻮل ﺗﺤﻀﻦ ﻓﻲ ؟‬

٢٤-١٨
٤٨-٢٤

‫ﺟﮭﺎز اﻷوﺗﻮﻛﻼف ﻛﯿﻒ طﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ اﻟﺠﮭﺎز ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺷﮭﺮي اﻟﻲ ھﻲ اﻟﺼﯿﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺸﮭﺮﯾﮫ‬
‫ﻧﻀﯿﻒ اﻟﻤﺎء‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮارة واﻟﻮﻗﺖ واﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬
 ‫ﺟﺎء ﺳﻮال اﻧﻮ اﯾﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺎت اﻋﺒﻲ اﻟﻔﻮرم ﻗﺪام اﻟﺒﯿﺸﻨﺖ‬
Blood
Urine
Sputum
synovial fluid
‫اﺗﻮﻗﻊ اﻻﺧﯿﺮ ﻻﻧﻮ ﻧﺴﺤﺐ دم و ﺗﺠﻲ ﻋﯿﻨﺎت ﯾﻮرن و ﻟﻌﺎب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﺎﻗﺪ اﺣﺘﺠﻨﺎ او اﺿﻄﺮﯾﻨﺎ ﻧﻌﺒﻲ ﻓﻮرم ﻓﻲ وﺟﻮد اﻟﻤﺮﯾﺾ‬
‫او ﻗﺪاﻣﻮ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺳﻮال ﺟﺎء ﻋﻦ اﺻﺎﺑﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﯿﻦ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻻﺧﺘﯿﺎرات‬

Adenovirus

(Vomiting- diarrhea- gastristic) ‫و ﻛﻤﺎن ﻛﺎن ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ اﻋﺮاض‬

Rotavirus

‫ﺳﻮال ظﮭﻮر ﺣﺒﻮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻢ‬

herpes

Bacteria smell "grape-like" or "fresh-tortilla

pseudomonas aeruginosa

Leishmania medium
Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle (NNN)

M.Tuberculosis medium
Lowenstein-Jensen (Lj)

S.aureus is
Negative rods
Nagative coccus
Positive cocci
Positive bacilli

Meningitis ‫ﻣﻦ ﻓﯿﻦ ﻧﺎﺧﺬ ﻋﯿﻨﮫ ﻣﻦ اﻻطﻔﺎل اﻟﻠﻲ ﺷﺎﻛﯿﻦ ﻋﻨﺪھﻢ‬

CSF

conjunctivitis ‫ﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﺆال ﻛﻤﺎن ﻣﯿﻦ ﯾﺴﺒﺐ‬

Trachoma
‫ ﺳﻢ ﻛﻢ ﻧﺤﻂ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻀﺎد ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬١٠-٩ ‫ﺟﺎﺑﻮا ﻛﻤﺎن اﻧﺘﻲ ﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﻚ دﯾﺴﻚ اذا ﻛﺎن‬
no more than 6 or 7 antibiotic discs 4
8
12

latreal spine egg in urine ‫ﻣﯿﻦ اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ اﻟﻠﻲ ﻋﻨﺪه‬

Schistosoma mansoni
 ‫اﺳﻢ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺘﺎﻛﯿﺪي ل ‪HCV‬‬
‫)‪Recombinant ImmunoBlot Assay (RIBA‬‬

‫ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﺑﺮاز اﯾﺶ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﺨﯿﺎرات اﻟﻠﻲ اذﻛﺮھﺎ‬

‫‪salmonella‬‬
‫‪H. Influnzae‬‬

‫ﺳﺆال ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻼزﻣﻮدﯾﻮم اي ﻧﻮع ﯾﺴﻮي ‪ schuffner's dots‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻠﻮد ﻓﻠﻢ‬

‫‪Plasmodium ovale or vivax‬‬

‫ﯾﻘﻠﻚ ﻣﯿﻦ اﻟﻠﻲ ﻧﻌﻘﻤﮭﺎ ﺑﺎل ‪autoclave‬‬

‫‪sharped tools‬‬
‫‪infectious media‬‬

‫‪How protect your eye in laboratory‬‬

‫‪Glasses‬‬
‫‪Contacts‬‬
‫‪safety goggles‬‬

‫اﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻜﺎن اﻟﻲ ﻧﺸﺘﻐﻞ ﻓﯿﮫ وﻧﺴﻮي ﻋﺰل ﻟﻠﻌﯿﻨﺎت‬

‫اﻟﻜﺎﺑﯿﻨﮫ‬
‫اﻟﮭﻮوت‬
‫اﻟﺒﻨﺶ‬

‫اﺣﺴﻦ ﺷﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻛﻢ ﻧﻌﻘﻢ اﻟﺒﻨﺸﺎت‬

‫ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺒﻨﺶ‬

‫ﺑﺎﯾﺶ ﻧﻌﻘﻢ اﻟﺒﻨﺸﺎت‬

‫‪70% ethanol solution‬‬

‫ﺑﺈﯾﺶ ﻧﻨﻈﻒ اﻟﺒﻨﺸﺎت ﺣﻖ اﻟﻔﻄﺮﯾﺎت ؟‬

‫‪Phenol‬‬
‫‪Formaldehyde‬‬
‫‪Ethanol‬‬

‫‪How we disinfect blood on lab benches‬‬

‫‪Virkon 10%‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺪﯾﺮ دﺧﻞ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﮫ وﺣﺼﻞ ﺑﻘﻌﺔ دم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺎوﻟﮫ اﯾﺶ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬

‫ﯾﻌﻘﻢ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺐ ﺑﻜﺤﻮل‬
 ‫ﺳﺆال ﻋﻦ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﺒﺮ اﺳﺘﻨﺸﻖ ﻣﻮاد ﻛﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﯿﺔ ﺧﻄﯿﺮه وﺗﻌﺮض ﻻﺻﺎﺑﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﺋﮫ اﯾﺶ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﻔﺮوض ﯾﻠﺒﺲ ؟‬
‫‪linen mask‬‬
‫‪cotton mask‬‬
‫‪face shield‬‬
‫‪respirator‬‬

‫ﯾﻘﻮل اﻧﻮ ﻣﻮظﻒ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ اﻧﺴﻜﺒﺖ ﻣﻨﮫ ﻣﺎده ﻛﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﯿﺔ ع اﻟﺒﻨﺶ‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺗﺘﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻮﺑﺮﻓﺎﯾﺰر وﯾﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺗﻨﻈﻒ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻤﻨﺴﻜﺒﺔ وﺗﺮﻣﯿﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻔﺎﯾﺎت اﻟﻄﺒﯿﺔ‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺗﺠﯿﺐ اﻟﺸﯿﺖ ﺣﻖ اﻟﺴﯿﻔﺘﻲ‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺗﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‬

‫اذا ﺣﻄﯿﺘﻲ ﺳﻼﯾﺪ ﻣﻌﺎه ﻛﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎﯾﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮب واﻧﻜﺴﺮ اﯾﺶ اول اﺟﺮاء ﺗﺴﻮﯾﻨﮫ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺴﺢ اﻟﻤﺠﮭﺮ‬
‫ارﻓﻌﮭﺎ ﻟﻠﺴﻮﺑﺮ ﻓﺎﯾﺰر‬
‫اﻣﺴﺢ اﻟﺴﺘﯿﺞ ‪virkon 10%‬‬
‫اﻛﻤﻞ ﻓﺤﺺ‬

‫اذا اﻧﻜﺴﺮ ﺗﯿﻮب ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺴﻨﺘﺮﻓﯿﻮج ﻓﯿﮫ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻧﻮاع اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ واﻧﺘﺸﺮت ﺑﺎﻟﻼب اﯾﺶ اﻟﻤﻔﺮوض اﺳﻮي‬
‫اﻧﺴﺐ ﺟﻮاب ﻛﺎن اﻧﻮ ﻧﺘﺮك اﻟﻤﻜﺎن او اﻟﻼب ‪ 30min‬ﻋﺸﺎن ﻟﻤﻦ ﻧﻔﺘﺢ اﻟﺴﻨﺘﺮﻓﯿﻮج اﺣﺘﻤﺎل اﻟﺮذاذ او اﻟﮭﻮاء ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﯾﺎذﯾﻨﺎ او ﯾﻨﻘﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻨﺎ ﻋﺪوى ﻧﺘﺮك اﻟﺴﻨﺘﺮﻓﯿﻮج و اﻟﻼب ‪ min 30‬ﯾﺘﺮﺳﺐ ﺗﺤﺖ‬

‫زراﻋﮫ اﻟﺒﻮل‬
‫اﻟﻘﺴﻄﺮه‬
‫ﺣﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫اﺳﺮع طﺮﯾﻘﮫ ﻟﺘﺸﺨﯿﺺ ‪HIV‬‬

‫‪Bacteria-ELISA‬‬
‫‪Virus-PCR‬‬

‫ﻓﻨﻲ اﺧﺬ ‪ 10‬دﻗﺎﯾﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﯾﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮب وﻻ ﻗﺎدر ﯾﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﮫ ﺑﺘﺮﻛﯿﺰ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ھﻮ ﻣﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪم زﯾﺖ ؟‬
‫ﯾﺮﻓﻊ اﻟﺴﺘﯿﺞ او ﯾﻨﺰﻟﮫ‬
‫ﯾﺰﯾﺪاﻻﺿﺎءة‬
‫ﯾﺤﻂ زﯾﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ ﺿﻌﯿﻔﺔ‬

‫ﻟﻮ اﻻﺻﺎﺑﮫ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ ‪ subcutaneous‬اﯾﺶ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﮫ اﻟﻠﻲ ﻧﺎﺧﺬھﺎ ؟‬

‫ﺧﺰﻋﺔ ‪Biopsy‬‬
‫واذا ﺳﻄﺤﯿﮫ او ﺟﻠﺪﯾﮫ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ‬

‫‪Scotch tape method is used to collect Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) eggs from the‬‬
‫‪perirectal area‬‬
‫‪Cellophane‬‬
string tes is used to obtain duodenal contents giardia(gelatin capsule)
Enterotest

‫ ﻣﻦ‬Trichomonas ‫ﺗﻮﺧﺬ ﻋﯿﻨﺔ‬

Vaginal or urethral

Entamoeba histolytica causes

amoebic dysentery (flask shaped ulcer) cytoplasm contain RBCs

Cerebral malariae caused by

P.falciparum

Schistosoma haematobium causes

Hematuria

‫ﻛﯿﻒ ﻧﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ طﻔﯿﻞ اﻟﺘﯿﺘﺎﻧﯿﺎ ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ‬

Proglottid

Group D Streptococcus (E. faecalis) positive for.

growth in 6.5% NaCl

Tolerate the high salt concentration (7.5%) of mannitol salt agar

S.aureus

‫ ﻟﯿﺶ ﯾﻄﻠﻊ ﻟﻮن اﺳﻮد‬Bile esculin agar (BEA)

‫ اﻟﻰ اﻟﺴﻠﻮﺗﯿﻦ وﻧﻮع اﻟﻤﻠﺢ اﺗﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻠﺢ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬esculin ‫ﻋﺸﺎن ﺗﺤﻮل‬

Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Gram positive bacilli

Black colonies on potassium tellurite ‫ﻣﯿﻦ اﻟﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬

C. diphtheriae

Listeria monocytogenes
Growth in low temperature 4

whooping cough ‫ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬keyword ‫ﺣﺎﻟﮫ ﻣﺮﺿﯿﮫ طﻮﯾﻠﮫ ﻟﻜﻦ ال‬

Bordetella pertussis

Pasteurella multocida
cats and dogs ‫ﺗﺠﻲ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬

‫ ﺗﺠﻲ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬Legionella pneumophila

‫ اﺟﮭﺰة اﻟﺘﻜﯿﻒ واﻟﺘﺮطﯿﺐ‬humidifiers, and air conditioning
 ‫ ﻧﺰرﻋﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ‬Vibrio cholerae
yellow colonies ‫ ﯾﻄﻠﻊ ﻟﻮﻧﮭﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﺨﻤﺮ‬Thiosulfate citrate bile salt sucrose agar (TCBS)
Treponema pallidum Causes syphilis
TPHA ‫ﻧﺸﺨﺼﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ‬
VDRL , rbr ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﺺ‬

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
lack a cell wall

fastidious organisms
Brain-heart infusion agar

Legionella spp
Buffered charcoal yeast extract agar (BCYE)

Campylobacter spp
Skirrow agar

rotaviruses: diarrhea with dehydration and runny nose particularly young children

Negri bodies = rabies virus

Diphyllobothrium latum=(Fish Tapeworm)

Hymenolepis diminuta=rat_mouse worm

Bacteroides make the vitamin K

Pseudomonas aeruginosa: grow at 42 C, green-blue colonies (pyocyanin pigment. Causes burn

wound +responsible for serious nosocomial infections UTt

x v ‫اﻟﮭﯿﻤﻮﻓﻠﺲ اﻧﻔﻠﻮﻧﺰا ﺗﺤﺘﺎج‬

‫ ﺑﺲ‬v ‫اﻟﮭﯿﻤﻮﻓﻠﺲ ﺑﺎراﻧﻔﻠﻮﻧﺰا ﺗﺤﺘﺎج‬

E.coli
.indole positive,, produce green metallic sheen on EMB
:‫ﺗﺴﺒﺐ‬
hemorrhagic colitis
hemolytic uremic syndrome

Enterobacteriaceae
(‫اﻋﺮﻓﻲ ﻟﻮﻧﮭﺎ ﻟﻤﻦ ﺗﺨﻤﺮ اﻟﻠﻜﺘﻮز او ﻣﺎ ﺗﺨﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ طﺒﻖ اﻟﻤﺎﻛﻮﻧﻜﻲ وﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﺪ )واﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ اﻟﻲ ﺗﺨﻤﺮ واﻟﻌﻜﺲ‬

‫ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﻤﻮﻧﯿﻼ واﻟﻄﺒﻖ ھﺬا ﯾﻔﺮق ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﻦ‬XLD (black center)

‫واﺣﺪ ﻋﻤﺮه ‪ ١٥‬ﺳﻨﮫ ﺷﺮب ﻣﻮﯾﺎ واﺣﺪ ﻏﯿﺮه وﺻﺎرت ﻟﮫ ﺳﺨﻮﻧﮫ ودﺧﻠﻮه اﻟﻌﻨﺎﯾﮫ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰه وﺳﺎر ﻋﻨﺪه ﺷﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻗﺒﮫ اﯾﺶ اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺮوب‬
‫اﻟﻠﻲ اﻟﻠﻲ ﺗﻌﺮض ﻟﮫ‬
‫‪Shingles -‬‬
‫‪Neisseria -‬‬
‫‪Mycobactrim -‬‬
‫– ‪Clostri.titani‬‬

‫)‪ (Loeffler agar‬اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪة ﻣﻦ‬

‫اﯾﺶ ھﻮ ﺟﮭﺎز اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﮭﺮﻣﻮﻧﯿﺔ‬

‫ﺷﺨﺺ ﺟﺎء اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮ وﻟﻘﻰ ﺑﻘﻌﺔ دم ﺻﻐﯿﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻرض وش اﻻﺟﺮاء اﻟﻲ ﻣﻔﺮوض ﯾﺴﻮﯾﮫ‬
‫ھﻞ ﯾﻨﺎدي ﺳﻮﺑﺮ ﻓﺎﯾﺰر‬
‫ﯾﻠﺒﺲ ﻗﻠﻔﺰ‬
‫ﯾﻤﺴﺢ ﺑﻤﺤﻠﻮل‬
‫ﯾﻤﺴﺢ ﺑﺸﻲ ﻣﺒﻠﻞ‬

‫ﻣﺎدة اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﯿﺔ ﻟﻮ اﻧﻜﺒﺖ وش ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻧﺴﻮي‬

‫اﻟﻨﺴﺴﯿﺮﯾﺎ ﺟﺎت اﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻮال‬

‫اش ﺗﺴﺒﺐ؟ وﻓﯿﻦ ﺗﺰرع ؟واش ﺗﻈﮭﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺒﻖ ؟ﻣﻦ ﻓﯿﻦ ﻧﺎﺧﺬ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ؟ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ‪ Superoxol‬واش ﺗﺨﻤﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻮ ﻣﺮة ﺣﺎﻟﮫ ﻏﺮﯾﺒﺔ او ﺷﻲ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ ﻛﻔﻨﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﺒﺮ وش ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺴﻮي‬
‫ﺗﺮﺳﻞ اﯾﻤﯿﻞ وﺗﻮﺻﻒ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﮫ واﻻﺟﺮاء‬
‫ﺗﻜﻠﻢ اﻟﺴﻮﺑﺮ ﻓﺎﯾﺰر‬
‫ﺗﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﺴﺘﺎف وﺗﻌﻠﻤﮭﻢ‬

‫اﻧﻜﺒﺖ ﻣﺎده ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻤﺮﺿﮫ اﯾﺶ ﻧﻌﻤﻞ‬

‫ﻟﻮ اﻧﺠﺮﺣﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮه اﯾﺶ اول ﺷﻲ اﻋﻤﻠﻮ‬

‫واﺣﺪ اﻧﻜﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﮭﮫ ﻣﺎده اﯾﺶ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﻔﺮوض ﯾﻠﺒﺲ‬

‫ﻓﻨﻲ ا ﺻ ﺎ ب ﺑ ﺎ ﻻ ﺷ ﻌ ﺎ ع ا ﯾ ﺶ ﯾ ﻠ ﺒ ﺲ‬

‫ﻓﺘﺤﺘﻲ طﺒﻖ ﻛﺎن ﻓﯿﮫ رطﻮﺑﮫ اﯾﺶ ﺗﻌﻤﻠﻲ‬

‫اﺳﻢ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ اﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻟﻠﻤﺨﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ‬

‫اﻛﺘﺸﻔﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ ﺧﺎطﺊ و ﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﺮﯾﺾ اﯾﺶ ﺗﻌﻤﻠﻲ‬

‫اﯾﺶ ﻣﮭﺎم اﻟﻤﻮظﻒ اﻟﻤﺴﺆول ﻋﻦ اﻟﻜﻮاﻟﺘﻲ واﻟﻤﻮاد ﻓﻲ اﻻب‬

‫ﻣﺴﺒﺒﺎت ‪ pneumonia‬ﺣﯿﺠﻲ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺑﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ واﻧﺘﻲ ﺗﺨﺘﺎري ‪ ...‬ﻓﻲ اﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮع ﯾﺴﺒﺒﮭﺎ اﻧﺘﺒﮭﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺘﺸﺨﯿﺺ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻜﺘﻮب‬

‫‪ group risk organism‬ﺣﯿﺠﺒﻠﻚ ﺑﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ واﻧﺖ ﺗﺤﺪدي اﯾﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﺧﻄﻮره ؟ ﻓﻲ ارﺑﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت ذاﻛﺮوھﺎ‬
 ‫اﻻﻟﯿﺰا ﻓﯿﮫ ارﺑﻊ طﺮق اﻋﺮﻓﻮ ﻛﻞ طﺮﯾﻘﮫ ﺑﯿﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻣﯿﻦ اﻻﻧﺘﺠﯿﻦ او اﻻﻧﺘﻲ ﺑﺪي‬

‫‪ trichimonas vaginals‬و ‪ giardia‬ﺟﺎ اﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺆال ﻋﻨﮭﺎ ﺑﺮﺿﻮ ﺣﺎﻻت ﻣﻮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮه ذاﻛﺮو اﻋﺮاﺿﮭﻢ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﺆال ﻋﻦ ﻛﻮروﻧﺎ ﻓﺎﯾﺮوس اﺗﻮﻗﻊ ﻛﺎن ﯾﺒﻰ اﺳﻢ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻜﺎﺷﻒ ﻟﮫ‬

‫اﻟﺴﻼﯾﺪ ﻣﺎﻛﺎن ﻣﺼﺒﻮغ واﺿﺢ اﯾﺶ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬

‫‪How to protect your self from electric‬‬

‫‪rubber glove -‬‬
‫‪pull pin out-‬‬
‫‪circular breaker-‬‬

‫ﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﺆال ﻋﻦ ‪ tb‬ﯾﻘﻮل اﻟﻨﺘﯿﺠﮫ طﻠﻌﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪ ٤‬اﯾﺎم اﯾﺶ راﯾﻚ‬

‫اﻟﻜﻨﺘﺮول ﻟﻠﺒﯿﺌﺔ اﻟﻐﯿﺮ ھﻮاﺋﯿﺔ ‪anaerobic jar‬‬

‫ﺟﺎﺗﻨﻲ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ ‪ anaerobic jar‬واﺧﺘﺎر اﯾﺖ‬

‫‪candle jar‬‬

‫‪treatment for c.tetani , c.botulinum‬‬

‫‪ NK cell‬ﻟﯿﮫ ﻣﺎﺗﮭﺠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﮫ‬

‫اﺻﺎﺑﮫ ﻓﺎﯾﺮوس ﻟﻤﺮﯾﺾ وﻣﺎﻛﺎن ﯾﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻋﺮاض ﻋﻤﻠﻮ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺼﻲ ‪ ٣‬ﻣﺮات طﻠﻊ ﺳﻠﺒﻲ ﺑﺲ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻟﯿﺰ اﻛﺘﺸﻒ وﺟﻮد‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﯾﺮوس اﯾﺶ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬

‫ﺣﺎﻟﮫ ﻟﻤﺮﯾﺾ ﻣﺼﺎب و ﯾﻘﻮﻟﻚ اﯾﺶ ﻧﻮع اﻻﻧﺘﻲ ﺑﻮدي اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻲ ﺳﯿﺮم‬
‫اﻻﺧﺘﯿﺎرت ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻧﻮاع ‪ immuneglubin‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻮع اﻟﻌﺪوى ﺑﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ وﻻ ﻓﺎﯾﺮوس‬

‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﻘﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ‪enterococci and strept‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻠﻲ ﺗﺨﻤﺮھﺎ ﺑﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ اﻟﻨﯿﺴﯿﺮﯾﺎ و ﺗﻤﯿﺰھﺎ‬

‫ﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﺆال ﻋﻦ ﺻﻔﮫ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﻤﻮﻧﯿﻼ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻻﺧﺘﯿﺎرات ﺻﻌﺒﮫ ﻣﺨﺼﺼﮫ ﻣﺮه‬

‫ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺴﺆال ﺑﺲ ﯾﻘﻠﻚ اﯾﺶ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ھﺎذي اﻟﻤﺎده ﻓﻲ ﺧﻼﯾﺎ اﻟﻔﻄﺮ‬

‫ﺣﺘﺠﻲ اﺳﺌﻠﮫ ﻋﻦ زراﻋﮫ او اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﻌﯿﻦ و ﯾﻜﻮن ﻏﻠﻂ و ﯾﺴﺎﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬

‫ﻛﺎﺗﺒﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺸﺨﯿﺺ اﻻﻋﺮاض ﻓﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﻓﻲ او ﯾﻜﺘﺒﻮ ﻧﻮﻋﻮ ‪dna or rna‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﮫ ﻛﺎن ﻛﻠﯿﻨﻜﺎل ﻣﻮ ﻋﺎم اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻦ اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات و ﻣﯿﺪﯾﺎ و ﻛﻮاﺷﻒ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺸﺨﯿﺺ وﻛﻤﺎن ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺎت و طﺮق‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﯿﻜﺮوب ﻟﮫ طﺮﯾﻘﮫ‬
 ‫اذا اﺻﯿﺐ اﻟﻤﺮﯾﺾ ﺑﺎل ‪ TB‬ﻧﺎﺧﺬ ﻋﯿﻨﮫ ﻣﻦ وﯾﻦ‬

‫ﻧﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻨﮫ ﻓﻲ اي ﺟﮭﺎز )‪(Hcv‬‬

‫اﻋﺮاض ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺼﺎب ‪N.gohoria‬‬

‫اﻟﻠﻘﺎح او اﻻﻧﺘﯿﺒﯿﻮﺗﻚ ﻟﻞ ‪ neisseria‬ﻣﺼﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ‬

‫‪staph and strep‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺿﻤﻨﮭﻢ اﻋﺮاض وﺻﻔﺎت ﻋﻦ ‪ strepto.pnemonia‬ﺑﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﺨﯿﺎرات ﺣﺎط اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﮭﺎ واﻟﻠﻲ ھﻮا‬
‫‪pnemococi‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻨﻮﻋﯿﮫ ﻟﻞ ‪Treponema pallidim‬‬

‫ﺳﺆال ﻋﻦ ‪ Clostridium difficile‬اﻟﻠﻲ ﯾﺴﺒﺐ ‪pseudomembranous colitis‬‬

‫ﺳﺆال ﻋﻦ ﻓﺎﯾﺮس ‪ rabis‬اﻟﺴﻌﺎر‬

‫ﺳﺆال ﻋﻦ ﻓﺎﯾﺮس ‪Herpes‬‬

‫ام ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺼﺎﺑﮫ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ب ‪ rubella‬اﯾﺶ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻠﻲ ﻻزم ﻧﻌﻤﻠﮭﺎ ھﻮا‬

‫ﺳﺆال ﻋﻦ ‪Shingles Herpes Zoster‬‬

‫ﺳﺆال ﻋﻦ ‪Nocardia‬‬

‫‪Enterobius vermicularis‬‬

‫ﺳﺆال ﻋﻦ ‪T.cell‬‬

‫ﺳﺆاﻟﯿﻦ ﻋﻦ ‪Mycoplasma‬‬

‫ﺳﺆاﻟﯿﻦ ﻋﻦ ‪yersinia pestis‬‬

‫ﺳﺆاﻟﯿﻦ ﻋﻦ ‪vibro cholira‬‬

‫ﺗﯿﻮب ﻣﺎﻓﯿﮫ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ وطﺎﻟﺒﯿﻦ ﻧﻌﺮف ﻧﻮع اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ‬

‫اﻟﺒﺎراﺳﺎﯾﺖ ‪ ٤‬اﺳﺌﻠﮫ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﯿﺾ ﺗﺒﻌﮫ‬

‫اﺳﺌﻠﮫ ﻋﻦ ‪ RNA‬ﻟﻠﻔﺎﯾﺮوس‬

‫ﺑﻨﺶ اﻟﺴﺘﻮل وﯾﻦ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﻮﻗﻌﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﻼب‬

 ‫ﺳﻮﯾﻨﺎ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻟﻤﺮﯾﺾ ب ‪ ٣‬ﻋﯿﻨﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﮫ وطﻠﻊ ﻣﻌﮫ ‪ +HIV‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺳﻮﯾﻨﺎ ال ‪ confirmatory test‬اﻟﻠﻲ اھﻮ ‪ WB‬طﻠﻊ‬
‫ﺳﻠﺒﻲ‬
‫ھﻞ ان ﻣﻌﮫ ‪ HIV‬ﺑﺪون اﻋﺮاض‬
‫ﻧﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﯿﮫ ‪ CSF‬وﻧﻌﯿﺪ ‪WB‬‬

‫ﺟﺎب اﻋﺮاض ﻟﻤﺮﯾﺾ اﻋﺮاﺿﮫ ﺑﺮاز ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻂ ﺑﺪم واﻋﺘﻘﺪ ﻣﻌﺎه ‪ vometing‬وﺑﯿﺴﺎﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ اي ﺳﯿﻔﺘﻲ ﻟﯿﻔﻞ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬

‫ﺟﺎب ﺣﺎﻟﮫ ﻣﺮﺿﯿﮫ ﻟﺸﺨﺼﻞ )اﻋﺮاض ھﺮﺑﺲ(‬

‫اي اﻧﻮاع اﻟﮭﺒﯿﺘﺎﯾﺘﺲ اھﻤﮭﺎ ﻣﺮﺿﯿﺎ ً‬

‫ﻟﻤﯿﻦ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺻﺒﻐﺔ زاﯾﻠﯿﻦ‬

‫اﯾﺶ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻟﻠﻲ ﯾﻄﻠﻊ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺒﻐﺔ زاﯾﻠﯿﻦ‬

‫اذا اﻧﻜﺒﺖ ﻣﺎدة ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻤﺮﺿﺔ ﻛﯿﻒ ﻧﻨﻈﻔﮭﺎ‬

‫ﻛﻢ ﯾﺎﺧﺬ اﻟﻤﺎﯾﻜﺮوب ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻨﻤﻮ وﻧﻌﺮﻓﮫ و ﻧﺴﻮي ﻟﮫ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﻀﺎدات‬

‫‪24‬‬
‫‪48‬‬

‫طﻔﯿﻞ ﯾﺤﺘﻮي ‪ ٦‬اﻧﻮﯾﮫ‬

‫اﺳﻢ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻞ ل ﻛﻮروﻧﺎ ﺳﺎرس‬

‫‪ pathogenic salmonella‬اﯾﺶ اﺳﻢ اﻻﺟﺎر‬

‫ﻛﺎن ذاﻛﺮ ﻧﻮﻋﯿﻦ ﺑﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ ب اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺮ ھﯿﻨﺘﻮن وﻛﺎﺗﺐ اﻟﻨﺘﯿﺠﮫ وﻛﺎﺗﺐ ال ﻧﻮرﻣﺎل رﯾﻨﺞ ﻟﻠﺰون وﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﻗﻞ ف ﯾﻘﻮل ﻟﻚ اﯾﺶ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﺮوض ﺗﺘﺼﺮﻓﯿﻦ )ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎل ‪(QC‬‬
‫ﺗﺒﻠﻐﯿﻦ اﻻﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ وﻣﺴﺆول اﻟﺠﻮدة‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﯿﻦ ﻓﺮﯾﺶ ‪ subculture‬وﺗﻌﯿﺪﯾﻦ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬

‫وﻓﯿﮫ ﺳﺆال ﯾﻘﻮل ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺼﺎب ﺑﺎﻟﺘﮭﺎب رﺋﮫ وﻛﺘﺐ اﻟﺒﻜﺘﺮﯾﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮوب ‪ a‬او ‪b‬‬

‫وﺟﺎب اﻟﺸﯿﻘﯿﻼ وش ﺗﺴﺒﺐ‬

‫وﺟﺎب اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺰھﺮي وﻗﺎل اﻧﮭﻢ ﺳﻮا اﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺘﯿﻦ واﺣﺪ طﻠﻊ اﯾﺠﺎﺑﻲ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﻠﺒﻲ وﯾﺨﻠﯿﻚ ﺗﺸﻮﻓﯿﻦ ھﻮ ﻣﺼﺎب او ﻻ او‬
‫اﻟﻌﯿﻨﮫ ﻏﻠﻂ‬

‫ﻻ ﯾﻘﻠﻚ ﺣﻠﻠﻨﺎ اﻟﺰھﺮي ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺒﺎر ‪ RPR‬واﺧﺘﺒﺎر ‪ VDRL‬واﺣﺪ طﻠﻊ اﻧﮫ ﻓﯿﮫ اﺻﺎﺑﮫ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ طﻠﻊ اﻧﮫ ﻣﺎﻓﯿﮫ اﺻﺎﺑﮫ‬

‫ﺳﻮا زراﻋﮫ ﻋﯿﻨﮫ وﻣﺎطﻠﻊ ﻓﯿﮫ ﻧﻤﻮ اﺑﺪا ﻓﯿﻘﻠﻚ ﺑﺘﻌﯿﺪﯾﻦ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر وﻻ ﺗﺴﻮﯾﻦ اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات زراﻋﮫ ﻏﯿﺮ وﻻ ﺗﺤﻄﯿﻦ اﻟﻨﺘﯿﺠﮫ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎھﻲ‬

‫وواﺣﺪ ﯾﻘﻞ ﺳﻮا زراﻋﮫ وطﻠﻊ ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﺒﻜﺘﺮﯾﺎ ﻣﺮه ﺻﻐﯿﺮ ﻟﯿﮫ !‬
 ‫ﺷﺨﺺ ﻓﯿﮫ ﺣﻤﻰ وﺗﻌﺒﺎن ھﻞ ﺑﺘﺴﻮﯾﻦ ﻟﮫ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺰرﻋﮫ دم وﻻ ﺗﺤﻮﻟﯿﻨﮫ ﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺴﯿﺮوﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬

‫ﺗﺮﺳﯿﺐ اﻻﺳﺘﻮل ﻛﻢ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﮫ وﻛﻢ دﻗﯿﻘﮫ اﺧﻠﯿﮫ‬

‫واﺣﺪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻠﺸﻤﺎﻧﯿﺎ اﺗﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﻮش ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ وﺳﺆال ﻋﻦ اﻟﺴﻌﺎل اﻟﺪﯾﻜﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺮﯾﺾ ﻣﺼﺎب ب ‪ s.aurus‬واﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻟﻞ ﻣﯿﺜﺎﺳﯿﻠﯿﻦ اﯾﺶ اﻻﻧﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﯾﻮﺗﻚ اﻟﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﻔﺮوض ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﮫ‬

‫ﻓﯿﮫ اﺳﺌﻠﮫ ﯾﻜﺘﺒﻮن ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ وﯾﻄﻠﺒﻚ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت‬

‫‪ 5‬اﺳﺌﻠﮫ ﻋﻦ ‪ CDC‬اﻟﻠﻲ ھﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤﮫ اﻻﻣﺮاض اﻟﻤﻌﺪﯾﮫ وﻛﺬا اﻗﺮأو ﻋﻨﮭﺎ ﻛﻮﯾﺲ واﯾﺶ ﻧﺴﻮي ﻟﻮ واﺣﺪ ﻋﻨﺪو اﯾﺪز ﺑﻮﺳﯿﺘﯿﭫ وھﻮ‬
‫اﺻﻼ ﻣﺎﺟﺎ ﯾﻔﺤﺺ ﻋﻦ اﻻﯾﺪز‬

‫ﺳﻮال ﻋﻦ ‪Haemophilus‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﺪول ﺣﻖ ‪factor‬‬

‫ﺟﺎﺗﻨﻲ اﺳﺌﻠﮫ ﻛﺜﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﺮوﺳﯿﻼ وال‪ brucellosis‬واﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﮫ وھﻞ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﺮﯾﺾ وﻻ ﻣﺮض ﻣﺰﻣﻦ‬

‫اﺳﺌﻠﮫ ﻛﺜﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻦ اي ﻣﻜﺎن ﻧﺴﺤﺐ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﮫ اﻋﺮﻓﻮ ﻛﻞ ﻛﺎﺋﻦ وﯾﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﮫ واﯾﺶ ﯾﺼﯿﺐ‬

‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻜﻮاﻟﯿﺘﻲ ‪hiv and hepatitis -‬‬

‫ﺟﺎب ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﺻﺎﺑﺎت ‪ hiv‬و ﯾﻘﻮل ﻟﻚ ‪ antigen‬ﻣﺰﻣﻨﺔ او ﺣﺎدة او اي ﻧﻮع ﻋﻨﺪه ‪ HIV1‬او اﯾﺠﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﺎذب‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ اﻟﻨﯿﺴﯿﺮﯾﺎ و اﻟﮭﯿﻤﻮﻓﻠﺲ ﻛﺜﯿﺮ‬

‫ﺑﯿﺌﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﻤﻮﻧﯿﻼ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﺨﯿﺎرات ‪selenite broth‬‬

‫طﺎح ﻓﻼﺳﻚ و اﻧﻜﺴﺮ واﻧﺴﻜﺒﺖ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻲ ﻓﯿﮫ وش اﻟﺘﺼﺮف اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ؟‬

‫ﺗﻤﺴﺢ اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺸﯿﻞ اﻟﻘﺰاز ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬
‫او ﺗﺒﻠﻎ اﻟﻤﺴﺆول‬

‫ﺑﻨﺖ ﺻﻐﯿﺮة ﺣﺴﺖ ﺑﺤﻜﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﯿﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺸﺮج و ﻣﻌﮭﺎ اﻋﺮاض وش اﻟﻄﻔﯿﻞ ؟‬

‫اﻟﮭﯿﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪة ھﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻮدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮات ﺑﺲ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺑﻮا ﺳﺒﺎھﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻟﯿﮫ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﯿﺌﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺪ ؟‬

‫ﺟﺎب ﻧﻮع ﺑﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ ﺗﺨﻤﺮ اﻟﺴﻜﺮ اﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺪ و ﻗﺎل ﺗﻌﻄﻲ اي ﻟﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ؟‬

‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻤﻼرﯾﺎ و اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ‪ HCV‬و‪ HIV‬ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻛﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﺐ اﺧﺘﺼﺎر اﺳﻢ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬

‫اﯾﺶ اﻟﻄﻔﯿﻞ اﻟﻲ ﻓﯿﮫ ‪ ٦‬ﻧﻮﯾﺎت‬

‫اﻟﻤﺪة ﻟﻨﺘﯿﺠﺔ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ‪ Tb‬ﺗﺎﺧﺬ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺎﺑﯿﻊ اﯾﺶ راﯾﻚ‬

‫ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ‪ csf‬ﻟﻤﺎ ﺟﯿﺘﻲ اﻟﺼﺒﺎح ااﻛﺘﺸﻔﺘﻲ ان ﻓﻲ ﻏﻠﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺘﯿﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﯿﻨﺔ اﻟﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺸﻔﺖ اﻟﻠﯿﻞ وان ﺗﻢ ﺗﺒﻠﯿﻎ اﻟﻤﺮﯾﺾ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺘﯿﺠﮫ اﻟﺨﻄﺄ‬
‫وش ﺗﺘﺼﺮﻓﯿﻦ؟‬
‫ﺗﺒﻠﻐﯿﻦ اﻟﺴﻮﺑﺮ ﻓﺎﯾﺰر‬
‫ﺗﺒﻠﻐﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﯾﺾ واھﻠﮫ وﻋﺎﯾﻠﺘﮫ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺤﺤﯿﻦ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﮫ ﺑﺪون ﻣﺎﺗﺒﻠﻐﯿﻦ ﺳﻮﺑﺮ ﻓﺎﯾﺰر‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ طﻮل ﺗﺴﻮﯾﻦ رﺟﻜﺖ ﻟﻠﻌﯿﻨﮫ‬

‫ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻻزم اول ﻣﺎﺗﻮﺻﻞ اﻟﻼب ﻋﻠﻰ طﻮل ﺗﺸﺘﻐﻠﯿﻦ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ؟‬

‫ﻓﻨﻲ ﻛﺎن ﯾﺸﺘﻐﻞ ﺑﻤﻮاد ﻛﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﯿﺔ ﻟﮭﺎ ﻏﺎزات ﺧﻄﯿﺮه واﻧﻜﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ وش ﻛﺎن ﻣﻔﺮوض ﯾﻠﺒﺲ ﻋﺸﺎن ﯾﺤﻤﻲ ﻋﯿﻨﮫ ?‬
‫اﻟﺨﯿﺎرات ﺣﺎطﯿﻦ ﻗﻠﻔﺰ وﺣﺎطﯿﻦ ﻧﻈﺎرة ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺔ وﺣﺎطﯿﮫ ﻣﺎﺳﻚ‬
‫ﻣﺮﯾﺾ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺴﻲ وش اﻗﺮب ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻧﻘﺪر ﻧﺎﺧﺬ ﻟﮫ‬
‫ﻻﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﯿﺎرات ‪Sputum‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﺮت اﻻﻗﺮب ھﻲ ‪Throat swab‬‬

‫ﺟﺖ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺮﺿﯿﮫ وﯾﻘﻮل ﻟﻤﺎ ﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﮫ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﮭﺮ ﻣﺎﻛﺎن ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ‪ eggs‬وﻻ ‪ Cyst‬وش ﺗﻜﻮن‬

‫طﻔﯿﻞ ﯾﺴﺒﺐ دﯾﺎرﯾﮫ ﺷﺪﯾﺪه ﺑﺲ ﺑﺪون دم‬

‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺗﻔﺮﻗﻲ ‪Enterobacter aerogenes‬‬

‫اﻟﺨﯿﺎرات ﻛﻮﻗﻠﯿﺰ او اﻟﻨﯿﺘﺮات او اﻧﺪول او ‪TSI‬‬

‫ﻛﯿﻒ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ ‪MRSVC‬‬

‫)‪ (Rt-pcr‬ذا اﻧﺎ اﺧﺘﺮﺗﮫ اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﯾﻘﻮل ﻧﺰﻋﮫ او ﻧﺼﺒﻐﮫ وﺣﺎﺟﮫ راﺑﻌﮫ ﻧﺴﯿﺘﮭﺎ‬

‫اﻟﺘﮭﺎب رﺋﻮي ﺣﺎد ﻋﻨﺪ اﻻطﻔﺎل )ﻣﺤﻄﻮط ﺳﺘﺮﺑﺘﻮ اي وﺑﻲ وﺣﺎﺟﮫ ﻧﺴﯿﺘﮭﺎ واﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻛﺮﯾﺘﻮ ﻛﻮﻛﺲ( اﺧﺘﺮت اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻻﻧﻮ اﻗﺮب‬

‫ﻋﻨﺪه ﻣﺸﻜﻠﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻧﮫ ﻣﻦ ﻓﯿﻦ ﻧﺎﺧﺬ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﮫ‬

‫)‪infective Bacillus microorganisms one of risk group classificatio (1 risk group‬‬

‫اﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ ‪Biosafety Levels‬‬
‫ﯾﺠﯿﺐ اﺳﻢ ﺑﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ او ﻓﺎﯾﺮوس واﻧﺘﻲ اﺧﺘﺎري اي ﻟﻔﻞ او ﯾﺠﯿﺐ اﻟﻠﻔﻞ واﻧﺘﻲ ﺗﺨﺘﺎرﯾﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﯿﻦ اذا ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
‫واﻟﻔﻨﻲ‬