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Shida Ya Akosua

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32 views114 pages

Shida Ya Akosua

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Psiwa Burmen

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1.

COMPREHENSION

Read the following passage and then answer the questions that
follow.

Unscrupulous as he was, Kwame Asante had a qualm as he looked at the

woman sitting on the African stool near the bed. He had called her and yet
when she came he did not quite know how to begin the conversation.

“Akosua, how would you like fifty pounds to start a small business of your
own – selling cloths or perfume and powder?” The woman smiled nervously.
Ten years of married life had made her wary of her husband’s fits of
generosity.

She was as black as ebony, with the fine features peculiar to the girls of the
Akwapim hills; graceful in her brown and red design cloth and the lovely silk
head-tie wrapped round her head. Her feet were shod in ‘spitfire’ sandals and
on her tiny ears she had the popular golden ear-rings named ‘Abongo’.

The slender woman on the stool was the mother of three children though she
still looked a girl. Married under the native customary law, she had served
her lord and master with zeal and zest. It is a law which as some other law in
the Gold Coast, needs disinfecting for though it aids the man to gain his
desire when it is at its fiercest, it in no way safeguards the position of the
woman when the man’s passion abates.

“Would you like fifty pounds?” asked Kwame again. “Could make it a
hundred. You have been a very good wife to me, Akosua.” Did the truth begin
to dawn on the woman’s consciousness? No. She thrust the thought away
from her. ‘He could not do it’.

Kwame cleared his throat – after all he might as well get it off his chest:
hadn’t she noticed that the whole relationship had become impossible? A
cloth woman was all right when one was young and struggling. She could be
so useful – a general servant, and yet a wife. Akosua was so gentle, and even
quite refined, but a man needs a change.

He had just completed his two-storied building and he had been made a
committee member of an important club. The other day his academy had
conferred on him an associateship and his university had given him a
coveted degree. He had at last achieved his ambition and had become an
important man in the community. He was thinking seriously of entering the
town council. Fancy being addressed councilor Kwame Asante, O.B.A…. A.S.S.
He smiled inanely to himself. Akosua looked at him in wonder.
“Er….. er…. Akosua…., I want to tell you I am going to marry a lady; you will
be paid off with a hundred pounds. A…. frock….. lady….um…..er …. of course
you can read and write Ga and Twi but my friends will call you an illiterate
woman.”

“Did you consult your friends before you married me ten years ago?” The
voice was cold and calm, yet the words cut like a whip.

“If you are going to be impertinent, I shall not discuss the matter further.” He
got up and walked up and down the room. “How many men in the Gold Coast
will pay a woman off with one hundred pounds? You are only entitled to
twenty-five pounds and here I am out of kindness offering you a hundred.
Show some gratitude, Akosua.” Akosua looked at him. Stark misery was in
her eyes.

“I shall send the children to Achimota College.” There was a whining note in
his voice.

“I am only doing this because of my position in society. You see I may be

called to Government House and other important places……. say something
Akosua.”

“I say you can keep your twenty five pounds, fifty pounds or a hundred
pounds. I will have nothing to do with it. I will not be paid off. ”

“What! What! Come! Come! Don’t do anything rush!”

“If you dare touch me I shall strike your face.”

“Strike your master, your husband! Are you mad?”

“I shall leave this house.”

“If you dare to disgrace me by leaving the house before I am ready for you to
go, there will be trouble. I do not intend to put up with a willful woman. What
is my sin after all? I only want to become a decent and respectable member
of society. If you leave this house without my knowledge and permission, I
shall claim every penny I have spent on you since I married and lived with
you these ten years; and not only that but I shall claim all the presents I have
given to your parents and other relatives. You know our native customary
law.”

“Yes, I know your native customary law. It is a grave to bury women alive
whilst you men dance to the tom-tom on top of the mound of earth.”

Questions
i) Why does Akosua smile nervously when Kwame offers her fifty pounds to
start a small business of her own? (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………

ii) Explain the effect of Akosua’s silence on Kwame? (2mks)

iii) In not more than 60 words, summarize the reasons for Kwame’s intention
to marry another wife. (4mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………

v) Identify a statement from the passage which proves that Kwame was
ashamed of the action he was about to take. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

vi) What is Kwame Asante’s burning ambition? (1mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
vii)Rewrite the following sentence in reported speech

‘Did you consult your friends before you married me ten years ago?’ Akosua
asked Kwame. (1 mks)

viii) Give an instance of irony in the passage. (2mks)

x) What is Kwame’s attitude towards women? (2mks)

xi) Explain the meaning of the following words and phrases as used in the
passage. (3 mks)

a) Disinfecting

b) The words cut like a whip

c) Impertinent

ix) ‘It is a grave to bury women alive whilst you men dance to the tom-tom
on top of the grave.’

Explain the meaning of this statement. (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
2. Narrative

Read the narrative below and answer questions that follow.

The Man, His Son and The Squirrel

There was a certain town whose only occupation was catching squirrels
(ground squirrels). There was a man in this town who excelled at catching
squirrels. One squirrel was so smart that it eluded everyone in town. It was
said that only this man said to his son, “Come, let’s go to catch the squirrel.”
They took an axe; they found the squirrel near its hole. Then the squirrel ran
and entered its hole. They searched out all the holes, then they stopped
them up. Then the man said to his son, “Don’t let the squirrel get out of its
hole.” He answered, “Okay.” But one hole wasn’t stopped up, and the squirrel
escaped. When it escaped, the father came to his son and said to him, “Why
did you let it escape? If I go home now, I will be ashamed.” He grabbed the
axe and struck his son. Then he went on his way and left his son
unconscious. Ants began to fill his eyeballs an his ears; vultures were circling
above him.

In the afternoon, the headman of a rich caravan arrived at the spot. When he
arrived, he set up camp. Then he got up and went for a stroll and saw the
boy. He called his slaves to take him and have him washed and shaved. The
boy recovered. The headman had no offspring. When he took the boy, he
decided that he would make him his son. He sent a message to the chief of
the town, telling him that he had an offspring, that he was happy he had
become a complete man, and that he would now receive the gifts due to
him. The chief said, “This is a lie. He is not his son. If he is his son, then let
him come that I can see.”

Then the headman arrived in town. The chief gave his sons horses worth ten
pounds. He said, “Go and join the son of the headman. Have a race. When
you finish give these horses away” (forcing him to do the same). They did it
and they returned. the next day, the chief again gave them horses worth ten
pounds. They did as the day before. They did it five times. They ran out of
horses. Then the chief said, “Indeed, it is his son I have run out of horses. If it
weren’t his son, he wouldn’t agree to let him give his own horses away to
match the presents.” Then the chief summoned his daughter. The Gralladima
brought his to help. The Madaki also gave, and the Makama gave.
Altogether, four wives. The chief gave a big house. The headman came and
brought twenty concubines and gave to his son. There was continuous
feasting.
Then one day the son saw his father, the one who had knocked him down
with the axe because of the squirrels. The father came to the house of his
son and said, “Throw away your gown and start catching squirrels.” The
slaves of the headman said, “This is a crazy man, let us all strike him.” The
boy said to him, “This is my father, the one who sired me.” The headman
said, “I have already lied to the chief. Let us keep that secret. I will give your
father wealth. Let him go home. Should he want to see you, let him come to
visit you. If you want to see him, then you can go and visit him.” The real
father said he did not agree. Then the headman said, “Well then, let us go
out in the countryside.” They went. The headman unsheathed his sword. He
handed it to the son, and said, “Kill one of the two of us.” Here ends the
story.

Questions

(a) (i) Classify the above narrative. (1 mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(ii) What are the characteristics of the above classification? (2 mks)

(i) What is the function of this narrative? (1 mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(b) Identify and illustrate any three features of oral narrative evident in the
story. (6 mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

© Give one economic activity that is undertaken by the community referred

to in this narrative. (2 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(d) Describe the character of the following:

(i) The young man (2 mks)

(ii) His father (2 mks)

€ Whom do your think would be the most appropriate audience of this story.
(2 mks)

(f) What is the moral lesson of this narrative? (2 mks)

3. COMPREHENSION

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
(20 marks)

Pre-audit according to Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology

(2015) is an audit approach of reviewing payment vouchers before payments
are done whereas post audit is an audit approach where supporting
documents are reviewed weeks/months after the transactions have taken
place. So, as fellow auditors can see, majority of our clients mostly for
internal audit and more so our fellow staff, are currently wondering if the
internal auditors of today add any value to their operations and towards the
sustainability of County governments.
This has created a doubting mind to our clients as they seem to see us, as
auditors of history given the nature of our present work and the fact that the
government has encouraged a shift from pre-audit to post-audit. Indeed this
has been odd since the majority think that after money has been spent any
audit query raised, won’t have as much impact as it would have had, if it had
been raised prior to spending during pre-audit periods thus, more money will
be lost during post-audits.

Due to this outcry, I am motivated to shed light on this because I see a call
for post audit by the government of Kenya as the best call; as it gives an
auditor time to learn the processes and also creates an enabling
environment for mentorship and continuous learning for our clients who
might be our staff. Through use of post-audit system, I will recall the article
of the Internal auditor, from a watch dog to a partner and stress that post
audits encourage team work, improve interactions, improve clientele
relationships with the auditor and enable those charged with various
responsibilities of approving and or authorizing transactions to be cautious
when executing their duties.

Post audits have also, in a well working environment with systems and
support from management, made the work of external auditors easier as
they place reliance on the work done by internal auditors. We should
understand that currently risk management is the order of the day as much
as some Senior Management staff still believe that pre-audit should be
conducted by the audit staff other than accounts supervisors or examiners. It
may sound true to them but to me as an upcoming internal auditor, I think
during post audit, emphasis should be placed on review of controls
weaknesses and how it can be improved to prevent future breach of controls.
It’s the role of management to ensure the controls governing management of
funds are effective to enable the achievement of company’s business
objective, enable reliable financial reporting on its operation, ensure there is
no misappropriation of its assets and minimize cost of capital. Post audit
exercises are crucial in preventing debilitating misstatements in a company’s
records and reports.

With the inception of country governments where the structures are not yet
ripe and the role of internal audit has not been embraced fully, it’s ideal to
understand that when post audit is done, it enables the initiation of new
control measures that are key to growth and prosperity based on the
auditor’s recommendations; e.g. assume an auditor recommends the use of
automated system for revenue collection due to the risks posed by manual
system after undertaking post audit of records posted. It’s definitely good if
you work as per the recommendations because the benefits are long term
and minimize risk.

During post-audit exercise, an auditor is not an examiner nor a monitoring

and evaluation officer nor a government inspectorate but an adviser whose
main aim is not to handcuff you but to save you from being handcuffed in
case of extremes. Hence, we need to remember that when an auditor sends
recommendations and gives timelines, they should never be ignored as all
the recommendations are meant for your safety and the safety of the
organization in terms of prosperity. It’s also through post audit that an
auditor is able to advice on the risk level and its effects both in the short and
long term by suggesting some recommendations to mitigate the risk as the
auditor is able to perform a wide coverage using substantive test and
analytical procedures. In addition, in post audit, the issue of effective and
efficient utilization of a company’s resources will also be highlighted as the
auditors through their advisory framework may advise on the same.

Questions

a) What is auditing according to the passage? (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………

b) Why do clients have doubts on internal auditors? (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………

c) Why do you think the author has mentioned Kwame Nkrumah University of
Science and Technology in the passage? (2 marks)

d) Post audits have also, in a well working environment with systems and
support from management, made the work of external auditors easier.
(Rewrite by adding a question tag) (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………

e) What is the author’s attitude towards post-audit? Give a reason from the
passage to support your answer (3 marks)

f) Make notes on the author’s arguments for post audit systems. (4marks)

g) Why has the author recommended post audit to County governments

according to the passage? (1 mark)

h) How are auditors’ recommendations important to any organization? (2

marks)

i) Explain the meaning of the following expressions as used in the passage.

(3 marks)
i. Misappropriation

ii. Inception

iii. Mitigate

4. Oral Song

Read the song below and then answer the questions that follow. (20
marks)

When I see the beauty on my beloved’s face

When I see the beauty on my beloved’s face,

I throw away the food in my hand;

Oh, sister of the young man, listen;

The beauty on my beloved’s face.

Her neck is long, when I see it

I cannot sleep one wink;

Oh, the daughter of my mother-in-law,

Her neck is like the shaft of the spear.

When I touch the tattoos on her back,

I die;

Oh, sister of the young man, listen;

The tattoos on my beloved’s back.

When I see the gap in my beloved’s teeth,

Her teeth are white like dry season simsim;

Oh, daughter of my father-in-law

Listen,

The gap in my beloved’s teeth.

The daughter of the bull confuses my

Head,

I have to marry her;

True, sister of the young man, listen;

The suppleness of my beloved’s waist.

(Okotp’Bitek, Horn of my Love, 1974)

Questions

a) Classify this song.

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………

b) Who do you think is the singer of this song? Explain your answer. (2
marks)

c) State any three features which qualify this genre as a song. (3 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………

d) Explain how this society views beauty. (3 marks)

e) State the socio-economic activities of the community from which this

song has been drawn.
(4 marks)

f) How does the beauty of the beloved affect the singer? (3 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………

g) Explain how hyperbole has been used in this song. (2 marks)

5. COMPREHENSION
Read the following passage and then answer the questions
that follow. (20 marks)

The question is at least as old as Socrates: If we know what the right

thing to do is, why do we not do it? It is an especially acute question
when applied to global warming. The science showing that carbon
dioxide emissions are already changing the planet’s climate, and are
likely to have severe effects (melting ice caps, sea-level rise, and
species extinction), is compelling and now barely disputed. Almost 90%
of Europeans say they recognize climate change as a major issue, and
75% identify fossil fuel emissions as a major cause.

And yet, as was widely discussed at a conference of environmentalists,

geologists and writers in May 2006 in Ankelohe, Germany, public
understanding has not translated into even the simplest of public
actions. Less than 1% of Britons, for example, have switched their
home electricity to renewable sources, even though it requires little
more than a phone call to one’s existing provider. Proportions
on the continent are slightly higher, but there is clearly no rush to go
green or — shudder — stop
driving cars.
Why such a disconnect between information and action? Part of the
problem is that environmental
advocates emit mixed messages. In mid-May 2006, Britain’s Guardian
published a front-page story showing that five companies in Britain
produce more CO 2 pollution in a year than all the country’s motorists
combined. That is a strong argument for targeting industries, but the
average reader could hardly be blamed for thinking, “Why should I
bother to cut down my driving?”.

Similarly, not enough thought has been devoted to the best role for
government. Climate change is
too vast a problem for individuals to solve alone, and some big
businesses have an incentive not to
solve it. That leaves government to take the lead, which is tricky,
because over-reliance on
government can allow individuals to fob off their own responsibilities.
What is worse, government
power seems to tickle autocratic fantasies. In my experience,
environmentalists spend far too much energy advocating hard-line
government ‘solutions’ that do not stand a chance of being enacted.
Sure, it might be good for the planet if governments banned the use of
sports-utility vehicles or, for that matter, of all fossil fuels. Yet not only
is it hard to sell outright prohibitions to voters, but the sad truth is that
governments have a woeful record in even the mildest interventions.

One of the most significant innovations in the last decade has been
Europe’s carbon-emission trading scheme: some 12 000 companies,
responsible for more than half of the EU’s emissions, have been
assigned quotas. Companies with unused allowances can sell them;
the higher the price, the greater the incentive for firms to cut their use
of fossil fuels. The system seemed to work for about a year — but now
it turns out that Europe’s governments allocated far too many credits,
which will likely hinder the program’s effectiveness for years.

Perhaps the real reason that well-intentioned consumers do not change

is that they do not see any benefit. Climate change may be a
frightening, irreversible calamity, but its worst effects will not be felt
next week or next year. The planet looks the same regardless of
whether we use environmentally friendly technology or we do not care
how much CO 2 we emit. But sure as the sun rises and sets every day,
if we do not cut down on carbon emissions, then we may not have a
planet to hand over to the next generation.
(Adapted from Times, June 5, 2006)

QUESTIONS
a) According to the passage, what are the effects of global warming?
(4 mks)

b) What, according to the passage, is the main cause of global

warming? (2 mks)

c) How does Britain encourage people to use renewable electricity? (3

mks)

d) Paraphrase the following sentence: That is a strong argument for

targeting industries, but the
average reader could hardly be blamed for thinking, ‘Why should I
bother to cut down my
driving?’ (4 mks)

d) What message does the writer communicate in this passage? (4

mks)

f) Explain the meaning of the following words and expression as used

in the passage. (4 mks)
i) Fob off

ii) Incentive

iii) Calamity

iv) Vast

6. ORAL LITERATURE (20marks)

Read the narrative below and then answer the questions that
follow.
Once upon a time, all animals in the jungle were of the same plain
colour but when they were invited by king lion for his son’s wedding,
they decided to decorate themselves for the occasion. The tortoise was
given the task of making the dye to be used. Though he was slow, he
was the most intelligent. The big day was fast approaching but the
tortoise had only managed to make one big pot of black dye. He called
a meeting and they all decided to use the available dye to make
various patterns in their skins.

The leopard was allocated the job of painting the rest of the animals.
The zebra was the first on
queue followed by the giraffe, then the donkey and all the other
animals were to follow. The giraffe and the zebra were painted and
they looked very beautiful. Then the donkey’s turn came but he was
undecided on the pattern to choose. The leopard decided to paint him
like a zebra and got down to work. He had a long line along the
donkey’s spine from head towards the tail. On reaching the tail, the
donkey started giggling. The leopard continued and the donkey jumped
and threw him his hind legs saying the brush was tickling and he could
not contain himself any longer.

He had thrown his hind legs so hard that he hit the pot containing the
dye. The dye spattered all over
the animals on the queue. The cheetah got speckles all over his body,
the leopard got spotted and the crow who happened to be passing by
with an urgent letter for the king hanging on its neck was

splashed by the dye which covered him the whole body apart from the
neck where the letter was. On

seeing this, the hyena started laughing but got a large splotch on his
mouth.

All the animals rushed to the stream to try and wash out the dye but it
was already dried and had

Become permanent. Nobody could get off the spots, streaks, speckles
and splotches. And that is how
The donkey was responsible for the various patterns we see on
animal’s bodies today.

QUESTIONS

a) Classify the narrative above. (2mks)

b) Indentify and illustrate any two social aspects of society from

which this narrative is taken (4 mks)

c) Indentify and illustrate any three features peculiar to oral

narratives evident in this narrative. (6mks)

d) Identify and illustrate any two character traits of the Leopard. (4

mks)

e) Who would be the target audience of such a narrative (2mks)

f) If you were to collect this narrative from the field, what

preparations would you make before the actual field work

7. COMPREHENSION (20MKS)
Read the passage below and then answer the questions that
follow

A short guy is a disadvantaged individual. And no, the disadvantage is

not about reaching high
surfaces. He can always stand on his toes or even get a stool. But what
would he do when he is
discriminated against or taunted on account of his being short; and
when tall guys consider it
something of a moral responsibility to remind the short fellow over and
over that he is inferior?
Apparently, a short man, besides being irritable, is a psychological
wreck, thanks to some syndrome of sorts.
Then there is a legion of misinformed women out there who declare to
anyone who cares to listen that death would be a welcome alterative
to dating a short man. Never mind that most are themselves as short
as one can get. In their opinion, which they are entitled to anyway, tall
is handsome, strong and literally oozes masculinity while short is the
opposite. With limited choice of possible mates. Restrictions on
probable mates and slew of wrongful generalizations, affirmative action
would be in order here.

But as they taunt, vilify, and harass short guys on the basis of height,
the tall ones conveniently forget that no one chose how tall they would
be. Elementary biology has it that we are all victims of genetic
accidents; how tall one becomes is wholly subject to chance.
Appearance and other human
characteristics are aggregation parental traits at best, or a mutation at
worst like when only one
member is short in a family of tall fellows. It therefore speaks volumes
about the gray matter upstairs in anyone chest thumping about being
tall. Once, when the disciplined forces were hiring, I offered myself for
consideration. I was subjected to all sorts of strenuous exercises
running round and round the field in the midday sun like I had gone
berserk, shutting my eyes alternately, and a host of other impossible
strange routines, only to be turned away at the end of the day for the
simple reason that my height did not add up.

Merchants of rumours and falsehood have been at it again. After

unleashing the “shorter the monkey the longer the tail” rumour, they
are back with another mind-boggling one: that these long – tailed short
monkeys are poor lovers. While endowment does not necessarily equal
performance, such are generalization of the absurd; something akin to
the misplaced belief that all Africans live on trees. If anything as one
literary Great Philosopher put it, a tiger does not declare its turpitude,
it pounces.

And the politics of generalization do not end there. The short guy is
also said to be irritable and hence the worst possible choice for a boss
or even mate. Who wants to spend time with someone who will be over
the roof at the slightest provocation? Not that the myth is gospel truth,
but it has resulted in a further restriction of the short guy’s already
limited choice of a mate.
As if this is not enough, stiff competition for short ladies silently rages,
pitting tall guys against short
ones. Despite their wide appeal, the tall fellows have an inexplicable
penchant for short ladies.

Factor in the belief that it is something of a misnomer to date a taller

Lady. The decision by some short ladies to give a not interested verdict
for short men and you have remote, dwindling chances of short men
getting a mate.

Maybe it is time the short in stature considered coming together to

fight this wholesale discrimination on account of their height, over
which they have no control. An association would be the perfect
gateway to affirmative action. Surely, what has height got to with love,
temperament and everything else for that matter?

Questions

a) Explain the irony of some women discriminating the short man.

(3mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………

b) According to the writer, what determines a person’s height? (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………

c) Why does the writer give his experience when the disciplined forces
were hiring?(2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………
d) What solution is given by the writer to end the discrimination of the
short man? (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………….

e) What is the attitude of the writer towards people who discriminate

against the short man (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………

f) Make notes on the wrongful generalizations made about a short guy.

(4mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………
g) “There is a legion of misinformed women out there who declare to
anyone who cares to listen that

Death would be a welcome alternative to dating a short man” (Rewrite

the sentence using ‘prefer’)

(2mks)

h) Explain the meaning of the following words and expression as used

in the passage. (3mks)

a. Legion

……………………………………………………………………………………………

b. Chest thumping
…………………………………………………………………………………………

c. Aggregation

……………………………………………………………………………………………

8. ORAL LITERATURE (20MKS)

Read the narrative below and then answer the questions that
follow

For very many years, there was no rain. All the land became dry, and
trees withered and died.
Both domestic and wild animals died due to lack of water and grass to
eat. Hyena had gone for many days without food. He was hungry and
weak. One morning, he rose early to look for
Food. He scavenged through the entire forest and the sun moved
towards the hills in the West, and it dawned on Hyena that it would
soon be nightfall. That night, Hyena could not sleep a wink. His
stomach rumbled throughout the night. He fell into a light troubled
sleep after midnight, but this was not sufficient.

He woke up at dawn and began to scavenge for food once again. He

walked slowly and
circumspectly, lest he missed a carcass in the woods. Feeling helpless,
he walked slowly and circumspectly, lest he missed a carcass in the
woods. Feeling helpless, he walked to the great Valley overlooking a
bushy hill where he glanced up and saw the sun which was then above
his
Head. Walking on through the bush, he came upon a huge tree with
spreading branches.

Under the tree lay a dead elephant which must have died of hunger.
Hyena could not believe his eyes. He opened and closed them, to make
sure that what he saw was true. “It is Elephant! He’s dead!” he said.
He was so pleased with himself that he gave a faint excited scream. He
leapt and made to jump over the mammoth carcass of the Elephant.
Poor Hyena fell on the Elephant’s stomach and nearly broke his back.
He rolled to the other side of the carcass and lay there.

Finally, he managed to get up, and ate ravenously.

He ate quickly because he feared other Hyenas would come to share
the carcass with him.He
did not want to share his good fortune. He ate and ate for nearly two
hours without even
pausing to look up to see if anyone might be coming. He stopped and
looked up to see the sun. It was moving across the sky and making for
the
West. He walked farther away from his great feed and jumped up onto
low hanging branch to
see how much he had eaten. He made a quick jump to the ground
again, and went back to the
carcass to resume his feed.

He ate and ate until he disappeared into the Elephant’s stomach

through the channel he had cut. He walked a little away from the
Elephant, looking for a branch. He found one, rushed and made a high
jump towards the branch. This time he jumped carefully but still
missed narrowly, hurting himself. He went back and continued with his
feed, this time slowly and forcing himself, but being fully satisfied, he
could not eat anymore.

He looked for yet another branch with which to satisfy himself that he
was fully fed. He walked
backwards, stomach protruding outwards from both sides. He sped
painfully for the final jump,
with much difficulty. He gathered momentum, and threw his trunk up
determinedly with all his
might. Whilst flying through mid-air heard a deafening
explosion.“Gugugukuruuuuuuit!”Hecried out, saying, “God, come to my
rescue.” He
somersaulted in the air and dropped down dead with all intestines
jutting out.

Questions
a. Why would this story be called a fable? (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
b. Identify and illustrate two traits of Hyena in this narrative.(4mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
c. State one economic activity practiced by the community from which
this narrative is taken.
(2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
d. Identify and illustrate any three features of oral narratives used.
(6mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

d. What moral lesson do you learn from this narrative? (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

e. “He stopped and looked up to see the sun” (Rewrite as a

question beginning’ Did …….

) (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

f. Explain the meaning of the following expressions as used in

the oral narrative: (3mks)

a. Scavenge
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………

b. Not sleep a wink

………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………

c. Ravenously

………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………

9. COMPREHENSION
Read the following passage and then answer the questions
that follow 20 marks

Certain people insist that religion is anathema to the modern life. It is

out of fashion. It
is regarded as an embarrassing carryover from human being’s savage
past, a foolish creation of
weak, superstitious minds. Others argue, that it is an invention of evil
human beings who use it
to pacify simple people and then exploit them. Despite these views,
however, religion is one’s
humble acknowledgement of the supernatural – ones recognition that
there are powers that are
non-human and that these influence their destiny.

Human being has not outgrown religion. There is plenty of evidence

throughout the
world to prove that indeed religion still has a strong influence on one.
Some countries have
pressurized their citizens to discard religious beliefs but with little
success. Strangely enough
history testifies to the fact that following religious persecutions, the
believers increase in number.
Millions of people in the world, regardless of colour, political
persuasion, mental abilities and
social background, find religion relevant and practical in their everyday
lives. All over the
planet earth, magnificent mosques, cathedrals, temples and shrines
stand out and quietly exclaim
that a human being is a creature that cannot be separated from
religion.

On the other hand, it is pretty true that we must recognise the

wonderful achievements of
science and technology. Many killer diseases have been virtually
eradicated or brought under
control. Food production has increased tremendously. Life for many
people is considerably affordable, more comfortable and more
convenient. These astonishing successes have, notwithstanding,
developed in human beings an unfortunate disregard for the
established core human values. This scientific adventurism has also led
us to the brink of self-destruction.

Human beings now life in fear of their own inventions. No doubt

science has answered many questions about human beings and their
lives on
earth, but then religion also provides satisfactory answers to otherwise
insoluble questions. It
fills the gap in human knowledge and experience and so reduces areas
of doubt and uncertainty.
In the face of dangers that would otherwise be overwhelming, religious
beliefs inspire
confidence and provide moral and emotional satisfaction. In addition,
religion serves as a social restraint by instilling fear of supernatural
punishment if approved values are violated.

Since science has left many needs unmet, it would be a disservice to

society if we did not
continue to examine other ways of making life on earth more
delightful. Religion can help one
overcome misunderstanding, racism, suspicion and other evils that
plague them and therefore it
ought to be encouraged. After all, many religions teach about the love
for all humans and the
importance of living in harmony.
Questions
a) According to the passage, what makes some people believe religion
is retrogressive.
(3 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) How does religion affect the fate of human beings (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Explain use of a figure of speech in paragraph 2 (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
d) In note form indicate the advantages of having religion (5 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
e) Why is science any enemy to human beings? (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
f) What physical evidence is there in the passage to show that human
beings remain religious
for a long time
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
h) It is out of fashion. (Re-write ending with …………….fashionable)

i) Explain the meaning of the following words (3 marks)

(i) Anathema
…………………………………………………………………
…….

(ii) Pacify
…………………………………………………………………
…………

(iii) Insoluble
…………………………………………………………………
………

10. Oral Narrative

Read the following passage and answer the questions that
follow. (20 marks)

SEVEN LADIES AND WILD FRUITS

A Taita tale by Mshila Mercy Soko

Once upon a time there lived seven ladies. These ladies were great friends
and they lived in the same village. They performed all their chores. They
fetched water together, gathered firewood and went to the forest to eat
fruits together.

One day they went to the forest to collect wild fruits.

Before they began collecting, the fruits
they agreed that they were going to pick them with
closed eyes, ‘Fine’ they agreed then they
began picking the fruits. Six of them touched each other
and they opened their eyes. The
seventh girl was not alerted and so she continued picking
unripe fruits.
When they had picked enough, they agreed that they
shouldn’t look at their fruits until they are
half way home. When they looked at their fruits, the
seventh girl realized she had picked all
unripe fruits, but the others had picked ripe ones.
‘All my fruits are unripe. What will I do?’ she asked ‘Go
back and pick others, ‘ they said
firmly. The girl decided to go back to the forest and pick
some fruits for herself. On her way
back before she could reach where the other girls were
waiting, she met an ogre.
‘Young lady what are you carrying?’ it asked. The girl
answered ‘it’s my wild fruits.’ ‘Give me
one I eat.’ It ate very fast and asked for more until the girl
had nothing to give. Then the ogre
asked for the girl’s finger, the hand, the leg and finally
swallowed the girl. The other girls
waited for her until they gave up and went home. When
the parents asked them where San was
they explained she had gone back to collect ripe fruits
and she never returned.
Mwandime her elder brother listened to the story and
took his quiver and spear. He went straight
to the path they used when they go to the river to drink
water. When the first ogre arrived, he
asked it ‘ Who has swallowed San my sister?’ It sang. ‘The
one who has swallowed San is at
the far end making noise gwa gwa goat gwa gwa.
Mwandime let it pass. The second ogre came and he
asked the same question and he got the
same answer. The third came and the same was repeated until the
tenth and the last one came. It was fat and heavy and walked with a
lot of difficulty. Mwandime stopped it and demanded to

know who had swallowed his sister San. The ogre tried to sing ‘The one
who swallowed your

sister……… the one who has swallowed…..’ ‘Talk properly, sing

properly.’ Retorted Mwandime.
The ogre was unable to sing because it was the one that had
swallowed Mwandime’s sister.

Mwandime took out his spear and aimed at the ogre’s stomach. The
stomach opened and San

With the others who had suffered the same fate came out. Mwandime
took San by the hand

And they ran towards home and the other ogres in hot pursuit to
avenge their friend’s death.

‘Frog we are being pursued by the ogres can you help us’ said
Mwandime. ‘Come closer. I will

Swallow you and take you home and the ogre wont get you and take
you.’ Replied the frog.

So the frog swallowed San and Mwandime took them to the other side
of the river and hoped

Towards their home. On the way, it met a chameleon and the frog
sang.

Don’t push me

I am taking San home

San has some wood

San has some sugarcane

It passed. When it came to San’s home, women were pounding maize.

‘How come this

Frog is so fat’ remarked one. ‘Push it away.’

Mm mm don’t push me

I am taking San home

San has some wood

San has some sugar cane

It vomited San and Mwandime at their home. They came out carrying
precious things to the

Home. The family members and their friends were very happy to
receive them home. The ogres

Were surprised when they came to the river they lost track of these
two and so they gave up and

Went back home. A party was organized by San’s family members so

that friends and

Neighbours can make merry and be happy. He was given a bride to

marry and he settled down.

My story ends here.

QUESTIONS

a). What do the ogres represent in the narrative? (2mks)

________________________________________________________________________
____

b). Explain the use of fantasy in the narrative. (3mks)

________________________________________________________________________
____
________________________________________________________________________
____

________________________________________________________________________
____

c). What is the significance of the song in the narrative? (3mks)

________________________________________________________________________
____

d). Explain the meaning of the following expressions as used in the

passage. (2mks)

i). Suffered the same fate.

________________________________________________________________________
____

ii). In hot pursuit

________________________________________________________________________
____

e). Give one character trait for each of the following.

i). Mwandime – (2mks)

________________________________________________________________________
____

ii). The girls – (2mks)

________________________________________________________________________
____

f). Comment on any two features of this sub-genre (4mks)

________________________________________________________________________
____

________________________________________________________________________
____
________________________________________________________________________
____
________________________________________________________________________
____

g). Describe two economic activities of the community in the narrative.

(2mks)
________________________________________________________________________
____
________________________________________________________________________
____
________________________________________________________________________
____
________________________________________________________________________
____

11. COMPREHENSION (20 MARKS)

Read the passage below then answer the questions that follow:

My favourite aunt is a woman anyone would admire, both her physical

features and character. She is the kind of person you want to be with all the
time. She is the eldest in my father’s family but she looks the youngest.
Though in her mild-sixties, She looks twenty years younger. It is as if she has
signed a contract with perpetual youth. I have heard countless people ask
her what her secret is, upon which she readily replies with a winsome Smile.
“I don’t look back in regret or look around in worry. Instead, I always look up
in hope.”

I don’t know, but I am tempted to believe that this

philosophy has kept away the gnawing tooth

Of time.

At about five feet, her height wouldn’t catch the eye of a

basketball coach. However, it goes

Well with her body on which there isn’t an ounce of flabby

flesh. Actually, the ravages of

Multiple childbirth and age have not robbed her of her

waistline and shapely figure. For one who

Has never heard of a gym let alone worked out in one,

she is nicely put together.
One grudge that I have against her is that she inherited
the very best that her parents had to offer

In terms of hair, leaving my dad with stingy strands that

you can almost count. No wonder mine

Defies even the most qualified stylist. When she was

younger, my aunt liked to display hers in

Fancy hair-dos. I have seen earlier photographs in which it

is shinny black, shoulder length and

Full bodied. Today, it has thinned a little and is no longer

as long due to breakage. Shy streaks

Of gray are appearing but if you consider that some

people twenty years her junior are already

White- haired then you must concede that it is one of her

best features. She usually plaits it into

Two thick knots, one at the front and the other at the
back. She then covers it with a headscarf as

Is required by her denomination.

She denies it but I bet that her face earned her many
male stares when she was young. Dark in

Complexion, it is still smooth and even in tone though

edged with tiny lines----- I don’t like to

Call them wrinkles. Her eyes are bright with hope and
wisdom. Even when she is sad, they

Retain their luster and intensity. Her arched bushy

eyebrows seem to be guarding these gems

Zealously. To complete the picture, her nose and mouth

complement her rounded face perfectly.
Her husband, my uncle, often teasingly tells her that her
lips are a little too thick. Being one to

Never lack a quick response or take offense easily, she

quips: “Well the thicker the better to

Declare my overflowing love for you.” For me, they are a

reflection of her generous spirit.

Although she is not a fashion enthusiast, my aunt knows a thing or two about
dressing smartly and elegantly. Her ankle – length pleated dresses are
always neatly pressed and matched with the headscarf. She is fussy about
who makes her outfits because she wants them to come out just right. I am
sure she had sampled several seamstresses before she settled on her current
one to

Whom I have been introduced. Navy blue is her favourite colour. I have heard
it said that it is

The colour of confidence and if my aunt is anything to go by, I think it is true.

In the entire neighbourhood, she is known as “Mama Safi.” A former

customer of hers tells me

The nickname is two-fold. “years ago, she used to run a shop named so and
she grew to become

Synonymous with it, hence the nickname. But the story doesn’t begin there.
When she opened

The shop, it was simply known as “Duka”. She would sweep in front of it
every so often and
Sprinkle water to keep away dust. Inside the items were neatly arranged
according to their types

And sizes. If she accidently spilt substances like milk and sugar, she would
immediately clean

Up the mess.”

Perhaps you are wondering why I like Auntie Joyce so much. Well, we, her
nieces and nephews

Concur that she does many things for us. She spoils us the way only a
grandmother can, she

Advises us the way only an aunt can, imparting pearls of wisdom when the
girls confide their

Men’s troubles in her; she supports us the way only friends can – listening to
our side of the story

When our parents fail to.

(Taken from Secret from Beyond; Oloo Oliver, unpublished)

QUESTIONS

a). According to the passage why is the narrator’s aunt her favourite. (2mks)
b). What is the secret behind the narrator’s aunt’s youthful appearance?
(2mks)

c). Why does the narrator begrudge her favourite aunt? (2mks)

d). ‘Although she is not a fashion enthusiast, my aunt knows a thing or two
about dressing

smartly and elegantly.’ (Rewrite beginning Dressing….) (1mk)

e). How can we tell that the narrator’s aunt is aging? (2mks)

f). Describe the relationship between the narrator’s aunt and her uncle.
(2mks)

g). Explain why ‘gym’ is mentioned in this passage. (2mks)

h). What evidence is there in the passage to show that the narrator’s aunt
wants her to follow in her footsteps. (2mks)

i). List why the narrator’s favourite aunt is liked by the nieces and nephews.
(2mks)

j). Explain the meaning of the following expressions as used in the passage.
(3mks)

i). Signed a contract with perpetual youth.

ii). Earned her many male stares.

iii). Pearls of wisdom.

12. Oral Narrative

Read the story below and answer the questions that follow. (20
marks)

Hare, the cleverest and funniest of animals, was once on good terms with
Elephant and Hippo.

He knew very well that he was weaker than his mighty friends, yet oddly
enough he was always

seeking ways of showing that he was, in fact, much stronger than they.

While drinking at the lakeshore one day, he met Hippo, “How are you,
brother, you big –for –

nothing brute?” He began. “I’ve been waiting a long time to prove how much
stronger than you

I am. It’s time you recognized your betters and gave me the respect I
deserve.”

“What!” Hippo retorted, unable to believe his ears, “do you really dare to
address me like that,

you worthless little creature? Have you forgotten I’m the biggest and
strongest of all the water

creatures?”

Hare’s reply was deliciously cool. “You may well be,” he said, “but I’m the
strongest of all

animals wherever they live; and from now on be sure you remember it. If you
want to see how

weak you are, let‘s meet here in three days’ time and try a little tug-of-war. I
promise you I’ll

haul you clean out of the lake into the forest.” Such imprudence infuriated
Hippo.
“Stop this idle prattle!” he retorted. “Go home and eat for a few years. You‘ll
need to before you

start dreaming of pulling me from the lake.”

And so they parted. Now as it happened, Hare, as yet, had no idea how he
could outwit Hippo.

He spent the remainder of the day deep in thought. By late afternoon the
rather obvious idea of

tying one end of a rope to a tree-trunk was taking root in his mind when
suddenly his friend

Elephant appeared.

His mind raced like the wind. “Hello, you long-eared oaf!” he shouted. “Why
on earth do you

keep swinging your snout like that?”

Elephant was not amused. He replied in rather hurt tones. “What’s wrong
with you today,

Hare?” he asked. “Have you taken leave of your senses? You sound like
someone who’s never

slept a night in his grandfather’s house. Have you forgotten how to respect
your elders?”

Hare pretended that he had. “Stump- footed fool!” he roared. Don’t talk such
nonsense. It’s you

who should recognize your betters and one day I’ll teach you how.”

Elephant was growing weary. “Look, I’ am busy today,” he said, “run along
and find a child to

play with – someone like yourself.”

Hare now pushed out his tiny chest, quite swollen with self-confidence. “All
right,” he shouted,

“I’ll offer you challenge. Come here in three days and I’ll prove I’m stronger
than you by

dragging that great carcass of yours out of the forest and into the lake.” And
without more ado,
he turned on his heels and bounced off into the forest.

Three days later, Hare took the longest rope he could find and ran to the
shore to find Hippo. He

gave his friend one end, saying, “Here, catch this and hold tight. Do nothing
until you hear a

horn blowing then pull as hard as you can.” Taking the rope, Hippo sank back
complacently into the water, his big eyes twinkling merrily on the surface of
the lake. The rope’s other end Hare

carried to Elephant who reliable and punctual as ever, was waiting in the
forest. Raising his voice

to his huge friend, Hare shouted, “Hold this and stay put. Don’t pull until you
hear a horn

blowing. Now I’m off to drag you into the lake.”

And away he sped, hiding himself in a clump of bushes where he enjoyed a

clear view of both

Animals. In the forest, elephant waited patiently; in the lake, Hippo smiled to
himself, convinced

In his heart that it was all just a bad joke. Hare now blew his horn, and with a
crashing of trees

And a wild cascading of water, the colossal beasts began their tug-of-war.
Hour upon hour the
Struggle went on, forest and shore echoing to the noise of their furious
grunting and trumpeting.

At last, seeing his friends reduced to complete exhaustion, Hare again blew
the horn and told

Them to stop.

Then quickly rolling in the dust, he ran down to the shore and addressed
himself to Hippo.

“Brother”, he began, “I hope you now realize your mistake. You see, I ‘m not
only clever but

Remarkably strong as well. From now on perhaps you’ll respect me.” They
shook hands and

Parted, Hare leaving his friend to go to Elephant. “Well, you wouldn’t believe
me,” he said,

Speaking boldly to Elephant, “Now you’ve learnt your lesson. You may be as
big as a mountain,

But basically you’re a weakling.” Puzzled and dumbfounded, Elephant shook

his head, and after

Reluctantly shaking hands, lumbered away into the forest.

(From Keep My Words by Onyango- Ogutu and A. A. Roscoe) EAEP Ltd.

a) From the first paragraph, how can we tell that Hare was not contented
with

His state? (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Why is it ironical that Hare is asking to be respected? (2 mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………..……………………

c) From the information in paragraph 5, explain what Hippo’s attitude

towards Hare is. (3 mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

d) Rewrite the following sentence in your own words:

“Now as it happened, Hare, as yet, had no idea how he could outwit Hippo. (1
marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

e) Classify this narrative. (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

f) How can we tell that this is an oral narrative? (4 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
g) Both Hippo and Elephant do what Hare says. What does this prove? (3
marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

h) Explain the meaning of the following expressions as they are used in

the

Story: (3 marks)

i) Imprudence

………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii) taking root

iii) lumbered

………………………………………………………………………………………………

13. Reading Comprehension

Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.
(20 marks)
In my previous piece, I argued that there were various obstacles or
handbrakes on
economic development and job creation that should be tackled along
with more
proactive measures. We hear a lot about creating infrastructure to
pave the way for more
economic activity and jobs but, we need to look at the impediments
confronting
economic and commercial activity. Arguably, the biggest of these is
corruption, which
spans the economic, social and political landscape like a colossus.
One needn’t go further than the recent release of Transparency
International’s 2017 East
African Bribery Index. Unsurprisingly, the highest ranked institution in
the Kenyan
context is the Kenya Police Service, where 69 per cent of respondents
said they either
offered a bribe or were induced to pay one. The recent cartoon of a
police officer telling
the Central Bank Governor that the new Sh 50 note should carry “the
images of our
traffic police officers” is a cynical reminder of the reality. Other
institutions where
bribery in the public service is rampant are the Judiciary and various
land services at 44
per cent and 41 per cent, respectively. Even more depressing is that
the study concluded
that the size of the bribe had increased significantly. Let us go beyond
the figures and
remind ourselves that corruption is like a debilitating disease that eats
away at a country
and its institutions. This, in turn, reduces the effectiveness and
capacity of many of these
very institutions that are in theory there to serve people.
On a more anecdotal level, how many times have we heard people
saying that they failed
to ask the police to investigate some irregularity or misdemeanor
because it was largely a
waste of time? Indeed, in many cases, any report that is made to the
police is largely for
the purpose of getting a signed and stamped abstract form. Another
way to look at it is to
see how much time, energy and money is diverted to paying for even
the minimum of
public services that are simply not delivered or are way below
standard. These are often
services being funded by the taxes of the very same citizenry. Purely
and simply, this is
negative energy and the blatant hijacking of resources, which literally
should be going
into more productive activities. There is the argument that it takes two
to tango and the average Kenyan is compliant

enough to participate in such activities to get by. That has some truth
in it, but so does the

fact that it is often very difficult to get on with one’s life without giving
in to extortion.

The end result is that it reduces economic growth by a percentage

point or two, which in

Turn, affects job creation opportunities.

The president must lead from the front and ensure that all those
working for him operate
In an honest and dedicated manner. Any deviance from this simple
principle should be

Met with dismissal. This may appear an obvious thing to say but there
have been too

Many instances where it happened later rather than sooner or not at

all. Much more needs

To be put into the methods of lifestyle audits and forensic information

on public servants.

Section 27(5) of the Public Officers Ethics Act needs to be beefed up.

The principle of random lifestyle audits on public servants needs to

become the norm.

For all its weaknesses, the vetting of police officers showed the value
of such an exercise.

We have seen a flurry of county government appointments and some

questions on the

Suitability of several of them. This is why the audit of Public officers

should become

More holistic preferably by an independent entity. The price paid for

corruption should be

Made high enough so that it becomes a deterrent and it should be paid

by both the

‘giver’ and the ‘taker’. The country faces huge challenges and hurdles;
one of the

Greatest is corruption. We need to take steps to reduce the former so

the latter is much

Less attractive. The dividend in terms of a more vibrant economy

would be enormous.
(Adopted from the Daily Nation, 21st November, 2017)

a) Identify the two contradicting opinions about what is hindering

economic growth and job

Creation in Kenya. (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

b) State any two effects of corruption highlighted in this passage. (2

marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) Why do you think the writer mentions the cartoon of the police
officer? (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

d) Discuss the use of imagery in the second paragraph. (3 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

e) Describe the tone of the passage. (3 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………….
……………………………………………………………………………..

f) In about fifty words, summarise the recommendations that the

writer gives to eliminate

Corruption. (4 marks)

Rough copy

………………………………………………………………………………………………

Fair copy

………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………….………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

g) We need to take steps to reduce the former so the latter is much

less attractive. (Rewrite

Beginning: Steps…) (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

h) Give the meaning of the following expressions as used in the

passage.
(i) Proactive measures

………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………….

(ii) Takes two to tango

………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) Deterrent

………………………………………………………………………………………

14. ORAL LITERATURE

Read the following oral narrative and then answer the questions that follow

Wanjiru was the most beautiful girl in all hills. She had milk-white teeth which
made the men
Stop and look whenever wanjiru and other girls of the hills were teasing each
other about their

New friends. Many young men came to ask Wanjiru hand in marriage but
Wanjiru would not

Accept any ugly man. She said that all these young men were not handsome
enough for her.

One day a young man came to courtWanjiru. He was very handsome indeed.
And when Wanjiru

Heard that he had come to ask for a marriage, she loved him and was only
too ready to accept him.

Her parents had no objection because they also admired this handsome
young man. But nobody

Knew that this handsome young man was an ogre in disguise.

Marriage preparations went ahead. The young man brought the dowry and
was given Wanjiru to

Take to his home. He looked very happy to have such a beautiful bride.
Nobody escorted them

Because the young man said that it was not necessary. He did not want his
identity to be

Discovered. They were soon home and Wanjiru was to see so many people
around. But on a
Second look she found that these were not people but ogres. This made her
very worried and

Wondered what her fate would be. Now when she was told to go inside the
hut that had been

Prepared for her, she refused, saying that she would sit outside near the
entrance because that’s is

Where brides were supposed to sit in her part of the country. Her husband
gave her a stool and told

Her she would sit where she pleased. “ I shall surely be in great trouble
unless I think quickly, for

These ogres will certainly want to eat me,” she thought as she became more
worried. All the young

People she refused to marry came to her mind. “It will be a great shame
when they learn that I

Married an ogre for his beauty”. They would laugh and say that she could
even marry a hyena if

He was handsome enough. There was no time to lose. She had to get away
from the ogre’s home.

She stood and took the same path that they followed from her home. And
when her husband saw
That she was going away, he followed singing.

Thecethecethecethece!

Where do you go now?

Thecethecethecethece!

Wanjiru come back

Not today but tomorrow I shall eat you.

Wanjiru sang loud and long

People of the nine hills

Who sold me to an ogre?

An ogre that will eat me

And my own father

You sold me to an ogre

An ogre that will eat me,

Listen to the ogre sing!

The ogre sang and the girls sang again. For a long time the two sang and
sang until Wanjiru saw

the ogre was very near. She climbed to the top of the tallest tree near her
path. And when the

Ogre saw that he could not get hold of the girl, he stood at the foot of the
tree and continued with

this song. Wanjiru sang even more feverishly. Soon however, her brother
heard and recognized

Wanjiru’s voice. It was then he came and pierced through the back of the
ogre until he was dead.

Then he said to his sister. “Come down. Let us go home.”

He was very angry, for they had sold Wanjiru in his absence. To be duped by
an ogre into giving

away Wanjiru was unforgivable. He scolded his father, “How could you and
your people sell

Wanjiru in my absence? I swear by my mother’s clothes that neither myself

nor anybody else will

ever sell Wanjiru again. “Only you son who will have the authority of selling
your sister again”,

the father responded. And so it was like that when the time for selling
Wanjiru came. The tale

ends there.

Questions

1. Classify this narrative (2mks)

2. What made men stop and look at Wanjiru and why wouldn’t she accept
any of them?

(2mks)

3. From the first paragraph how would you describe the character of Wanjiru.
(2mks)
4. Many young men came to ask Wanjiru’s hand in marriage but Wanjiru
would not accept any

ugly man. (Rewrite this sentence in the passive). (2mks)

5. Give a moral lesson learnt from this narrative. (1mk)

6. What is the function of the song in this narrative? (1mk)

7. Give a social activity of people from which this narrative is derived. (2mks)

8. ‘I swear by my mother’s clothes that neither myself nor anybody else will
ever sell Wanjiru

Again’ (Underline the indefinite pronoun in the sentence above) (1mk)

9. What is Wanjiru’s attitude towards men? (2mks)

10. Explain the meaning of the following words as used in the narrative.
(2mks)

Court

Feverishly

11. To which audience is this narrative best suited and why? (2mks)

15. READING COMPREHENSION

Read the passage below and then answer the questions that follow.(20
marks)

Africa is undoubtedly a very enduring race and has the capacity to

utilize the available natural resources
For the betterment of life. The biggest challenge, however, is to
identify ways and means of creating an

Environment that is likely to encourage development in Africa. Perhaps

the greatest strategy would be to

Develop political structures and government institutions that have the

capacity to formulate and

Implement ‘genuine poverty alleviation strategies’. Administrative

arrangements that no longer serve our

Needs should be overhauled or discarded altogether. Government

should foster exploitation and

Management of natural resources by providing an enabling

environment. Having stable government may

Not be effective if we don’t fight corruption. We should ensure that

leaders and government agents

Become answerable to the tax payer. The public should be educated

on the ills of corruption. Those who

Have stolen public funds must be made to return them and face the
full force of the law. Again, people

Known to have stashed money in foreign banks should be forced to

repatriate that money so as to

Improve cash flow in our economies.

Apart from this, Africa must find a way of solving their internal conflicts
without involving the

International community. After all, we are all brothers with a common

cause. The need to unite and exist

As unitary state should be stressed as this overrides clan and tribal

rights or sentiments that fuel animosity.
The African union should be strengthened to enable it to arbitrate intra
and inter-state disputes. The

Resulting peace will provide a suitable environment for economic

growth and set us on the road to

Recovery and prosperity. Another solution would be to develop rural-

based economies, since the bulk of

Our population live in the rural areas. Industries that process farm
produce and those that manufacture

Farm inputs, machinery and implements should be located in the rural

areas. Similarly, mining concerns

Should establish processing plants near the mines. Such industries will
naturally recruit manpower from

The locality and consequently, reduce the incidence of rural-urban

migration. Setting up industries in the

Rural areas will necessitate development of infrastructures which will

open up rural areas for business.

This will further encourage expansion and increase food production to

counter perennial food shortage in

Africa. For instance, development of dairy and beef processing industry

in the rural areas will encourage

Sustainable livestock keeping and probably bring to an end loss of

cattle to drought. A rural based

Economy will basically raise the income of the rural people and bridge
the disparity between the rich and

The poor.
We should also introduce appropriate technology in exploitation of
natural resources and in wealth

Creation. Since imported technologies are expensive to maintain,

Africa should tap local expertise to

Develop technologies appropriate to our needs. Home grown

technology should enable us alleviate

Africa’s food security by utilizing river and lake water for irrigation and
by harnessing wind and solar

Energy.

Lastly, our economic units such as ECOWAS, SADC, and EAC should be
transformed into common

Markets by removing unnecessary tariffs on goods at various entry

points so as to realize the benefits of a

Common market. The people of Africa should continually seek a better

life. We have the resources; we

Have the manpower, and the capacity to make things move.

Questions

a) What should African countries do to fight corruption based on the

information contained in the passage? (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

……….
………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

b) Explain how Africans can open up rural areas. (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

……….
………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

c) What do you understand by the term ‘genuine poverty alleviation

strategies’? (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

……….
………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

d) How can we reduce the incidence of rural – urban migration? (2

marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

……….
………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

e) Why is appropriate technology useful? (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

f) In not more than fifty words, write a summary on the various ways
of fostering development
In African countries. (5 marks)

Rough copy
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

……….
………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

……….
………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

……….
………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

……….
………………………………………………………………………………………………

Fair copy

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

……….
………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
……….
………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

……….
………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

…….
………………………………………………………………………………………………

g) What is the tone of the last paragraph of this passage concerning

the future of Africa? (3 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

……….
……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………….
………………………………………………

h) The public should be educated on the ills of corruption. (Add a

question tag) (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

……….
………………………………………………………………………………………………

i) Explain the meaning of the following words as used in the passage.

(2 marks)
j) Stashed………………………………………………………………………………
…………

ii)
Disparity…………………………………………………………………………………
…….

16. ORAL LITERATURE (20 marks)

Read the narrative below and then answer the questions that
follow.
Long long time ago animals and Birds spoke just like men do. When
God had to stop them speaking, He
made birds sing, like this chrrip! Chrrip ………. lions to roar like this
graagh! Graagh! And hyenas to howl like
this huuu! Huuu!
And do you blame God? Listen to what naughty hyena who had gone
two days without any meat did. He had
been wondering up and down the hills when he suddenly stopped, nose
in the air, one foot raised.
Do I smell, eh…. smell food? He slowly raised his head to the skies as if
to say, “Please God, let me find some
food, even one rotting bone will do.”
Slowly, he followed the smell, sniffing hard, stopping now and again,
over grinning wider as the smell became
stronger. “Here at last”, He said as he came in sight of a calf that
seemed dead, flies buzzing over its excrement.
“God, no time to waste. Who knows the owner may be around. Oh, no,
I see it is secured to a tree with a
‘Mukwa” I’ll take my time.
Ha, I am tired too, come to think of it. God gave us pretty strong
senses of smell, generous old……. Man. Still I
do think some people tend to exaggerate, now who was it saying the
other day ‘ati’ God is the giver of
everything and that we should be grateful. O.K. Tell me, did God give
this calf? Did you God? I found it
myself, smelled my way there, all the way. Nice calf too, rather thin but
it will do. I’ll take the head home and
make soup with herbs. I especially like ‘muthathii’, and I see one over
there.
OK. Here we go, where shall I start, this lovely neck? No, I know, I will
start with the ‘mukwa’ then I’ll get on
to the soft stuff, the tail, the rump, ‘Mahu’……….”
After chewing up half of the ‘mukwa’ the hyena brushed his teeth with
the twig of a ‘muthiga’ a tree to
stimulate his appetite. He stepped on the calf’s tail, stuffed it in his
mouth and ‘snap’ it went. The calf which
was only very sick and tired shot up and bolted away in the twinkling
of an eye.
The hyena rubbed his eyes, ambled after the disappearing calf and
soon fell down in exhaustion. He looked up
again to the heaven, tried to speak but no words came. Hyenas have
never been able to speak ever
since…………

Questions
a) Classify this narrative and give a reason for your answer. (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………..
b) What two features of oral narrative are evident in this story?
(4marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………
c) Identify one economic aspect of the community described in this
narrative and give evidence of your
answer. (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………
e) Describe two-character traits of the hyena as portrayed in the
narrative. (4marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………..

f) What is the moral of this narrative? (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………

g) Write a proverb with the same moral lesson as this narrative.

(1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………..

h) If you are asked to go and collect this story in the field, state:

1. State three things you would do before the actual field trip.
(3marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………….

2. State two difficulties you are likely to encounter. (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………

17. COMPREHENSION

Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.

Six years old Daisy is forever asking questions about who (or what)
makes the trees

Outside her bedroom window, and who tells the night to come after the
day, why her pet cat,

Fluffy went to sleep and never woke up again and so on. Unfortunately,
her atheist parents have

Not given her satisfactory answers, especially in view of what she

heard in school about a being
Called God. The conflicting messages have left her very confused. This
is an indication of the

Natural existence of a sense of spirituality in children.

Almost all children including those raised in non-religious homes, show

an interest in

Spiritual matter. This is expressed through questions about the

meaning of life and death. It has

Been argued that spirituality is high in early childhood but declines

remarkably as adolescence

Sets in. Children who are grounded in some form of spirituality from
their formative years become

Resilient and are better equipped to deal with the inevitable crises of
life than those who are not.

During adolescence, these children are able to deal with physical

whims and peer pressure.

Spirituality is more of a need than a right which is why spiritually

deprived children

Develop a vacuum that renders them vulnerable to

psychologicalturmoil: in contemporary society,

Parents are very committed to meet the material and intellectual

needs of their children. Many

Parents ensure their children attend the best schools, have access to
fantastic of health and

Recreational services but fail to inculcate spirituality.

In traditional societies, there were rituals and rites of passage that

made life purposeful. In
Addition, grandmothers played the role of instilling spirituality, ethics
and morality in children

Through story telling. These practices gave children hope and prepared
them to deal with life’s

Challenges. Following extinction of most of these practices, today’s

children face many challenges.

Any spirituality that children are naturally endowed with cannot

flourish unattended. In

Most cases it is deflated as they encounter material and unjust cultures

that also devoid of proper

Role models. Spirituality must therefore be inculcated by parents from

the early years. If not, the

Vacuum is filled by whatever the world has to offer, good or bad. In an

attempt to impart

Spirituality, some parents introduce complicated theological facts

leading to confusion rather than

Reducing the child’s anxiety about life. Ideally introduction of spiritual

matters should be age

Appropriate.

Questions

(a) In what ways do Daisy’s parents contribute to her

dilemma?

(b)How does the author justify that all children

demonstrate some degree of spirituality? (2mks)

© Describe the attitude of the author towards the contemporary

society’s spiritual upbringing of
The children. (3mks)

(c) Give two ways that hinder children’s proper acquisition

of spirituality. (2mks)

(e) How did the traditional society cater for spiritual needs? (2mks)

(f) Many parents ensure that their children attend the best school and
have access to fantastic

health services.

(Re-write to begin with, Not only…) (1mk)

(g) Make notes on the author’s argument about spirituality in children.

(4mks)

(h) Explain the meaning of the following words and phrase as used in
the passage. (4mks)

i. Resilient

ii. Turmoil

iii. Deflated

iv. Naturally endowed.

18. ORAL POETRY (20MKS)

Read the following oral song and answer the questions that
follow:

The Nzaiko of the Akamba

Are you really circumcising or not?
That I may enter into this home
Mother Mailu, Mailu, Mailu
Mother of child, come out
Annoit me, annoit me down to my feet before I go.
The circumcision man is busy now
The reason why, I don’t know
I am fence, I protect youth
Mother of child
You better respond to me
Rather than keeping quiet
Why are you annoyed?
Are you annoyed?
Are you annoyed by my visit?
I had better examine
A gourd is inside
I had better examine.
A goat is inside
I had better examine.

Questions
(a) Briefly explain what the oral song is about. (3mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

(b) What aspects of society are brought out in the poem? (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

© What evidence of circumcision ceremony is there? (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
……….

(d)Identify and illustrate any three aspects of style used

in the song? (6mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
……….

€ Why do you think the mother of child was annoyed? (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……….

(e) Identify and illustrate two voices in the song? (4mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
……….

(f) Explain the meaning of the following expressions as

used in the song. (2mks)

(i) Down to my feet

………………………………………………………………………………………………
……….

(ii) I am fence, I protect youth

………………………………………………………………………………………………
……….

19. READING COMPREHENSION

Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow
(20 Marks)

Now books are for reading, but men must bring to their reading a
desire to learn and a power of
Assimilation. Reading a book without assimilating it is like eating a
meal without digesting it. Reading should

Be active, not passive. I think it was G.K. Chesterton who said there
was a great difference between the eager

Man who wants to read a book, and the bored man who wants a book
to read. I also heard a dreadful story of a

Man who went to a bookshop in England and said, “Can you

recommend me a book I can read while listening to

The wireless?”

When students first go to a library, they may be puzzled as to what to

read of all the different subjects.

Well, Bacon tells you to look at weak places in your armor, and shows
you how to fill the gaps in your

Knowledge. On the other hand, it is no good just trying to fill your mind
with knowledge. Knowledge in itself is

Often useless. A mind overloaded with knowledge is like a room too full
of furniture; a man cannot walk about

Freely in it, and look out of the windows. It is much better to

concentrate on a few subjects which interest you –

Geography, history, art, science – and to deal lightly with others, than
to march sternly and heavily through the

Whole range of learning, like a silly tourist going through a museum

and not missing a single object. If you try

To master every subject, you may become very wise, but you will be
very inhuman and you will probably lose

All your friends. So you must learn to pick and choose, and you must
also learn to browse in a library like a
Camel browsing in the pasture.

If you watch a camel grazing, you will see that although he is supposed
to be one of the most stupid

Animals in creation, he has at least one of the characteristics of a

cultured man: the power to pick and choose. A

Student looking for mental food in a library should take the camel as
his model. The camel wanders about and

Grazes first here and there; sometimes from a tree that is the top
shelves of his library, or a bush, the middle

Shelves, or the grass, the bottom shelves. He bites off a twig, chews it
a bit, and if he likes it he takes another

Bite. If he finds it tasteless or bitter, he leaves it and wanders to

another tree. Sometimes after trying several

Trees and plants, he comes back to his first one. In the end he will
probably sit down and chew it over. Mental

Chewing over is a very good process for a man, as physical chewing

over is for a camel. It helps digestion.

(Adapted from Sir Douglas Newbolt’s Inaugural Lecture to the Cultural

Centre, Khartoum)

Questions.

a) According to the first paragraph, what is the purpose of books? (1

mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………
b) Explain the implication of assimilation in reading a book? (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………

c) Why does the narrator mention G.K. Chesterton? (3 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………

d) In your own words, how does the narrator regard those who read as
they listen to the radio? 2Mks

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………

e) Explain the narrator’s analogy of a crowded room in relation to

knowledge. (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………

f) What main danger is one likely to face if one masters every subject
read. (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………

g) Why do you think the narrator identifies a cultured man with the
power to pick and choose? 2mks

………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………

h) In note form, enumerate the importance of a camel to a student

seeking knowledge. (3marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………..
i) Explain the meaning of the following words as used in the passage:
(3 marks)
i)
Puzzled……………………………………………………………………………………
………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……
ii)
Browse……………………………………………………………………………………
………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…….
iii)
Digestion…………………………………………………………………………………
…………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…….

20. COMPREHENSION

Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow

The process of developing social skills among children at an early age is

important. Researchers have cited

rejection by peers as the greatest challenge children face in their quest to

build meaningful social skills. It

has been reported that children who get bullied and snubbed by peers are
more likely to have problems in

relating with others. In recent times, researchers have found at least three
factors in a child’s behavior that

can lead to social rejection. The factors involve a child’s inability to pick up
on and respond to nonverbal

cues from their pals. In the United states 10 to 13 percent of school-going

children experience some form of
rejection by their peers. In addition to causing mental health problems,
bullying and social isolation can

increase the likelihood of a child getting poor grades, dropping out of school,
or developing substance abuse

problems.

It is reported that the social skills that children gain on the playground or
elsewhere could show up later in

life, according to Richard Lavoie, an expert in child social behaviour. He says

that children experiment with

the relationship styles they will have as adults during unstructured playtime-
when children interact without

the guidance of an authority figure. Researchers say that the number-one

need of any human is to be liked

by other humans. However, researchers have expressed concern that our

children are like strangers in their

own land. They don’t understand the basic rules of social behaviour and their
mistakes are usually

unintentional.

Children who face rejection may have problems in at least one of three
different areas of nonverbal

communication, which is the reason they are rejected. These are reading
nonverbal cues; understanding their

social meaning; and coming up with options for resolving a social conflict. A
child, for example, simply

may not notice a person’s scowl of impatience or understand what a tapped

foot means. In another situation,

a child may have trouble reconciling the desires of a friend with her own.
Anyone trying to help children on

their social skills should try to pinpoint the weaknesses a child has and then
build those up.

When children have prolonged struggles with socializing, “a vicious cycle

begins,” children who are
shunned by others have few opportunities to practice social skills whereas
popular children have more than

enough opportunities to perfect theirs. However, having just one or two

friends can be enough to give a child

the social practice he or she need.

Parents, teachers and other adults in a child’s life can help, too. Instead of
reacting with anger or

embarrassment to a child who, say, asks Aunt Vera if her new hairdo was a
mistake, parents should teach

social skills with the same tone they use for teaching numeracy skills or
proper hygiene.If presented as a

learning opportunity, rather than a punishment, children usually appreciate

the lesson. It is important to note

that most children are so desperate to have friends that they just jump on
board To teach social skills, Lavoie advises a five-step approach in his book.
The process works for children with

or without learning disabilities and is best conducted immediately after a

wrongdoing has been made. First,

ask the child what happened and listen without judgment. Second, ask the
child to identify their mistake.

Often children only know that someone got upset, but don’t understand their
own role in the outcome. Third,

help the child identify the cue they missed or mistake they made, by asking
something like: “How would

you feel if Emma was hogging the tyre swing?” Instead of lecturing with the
word “should,” offer options

the child “could” have taken in the moment, such as “You could have asked
Emma to join you or told her

you would give her the swing after your turn. “Fourth, you can create an
imaginary but similar scenario

where the child can make the right choice. For example, you could say, “If
you were playing with a shovel
in the sand box and Aiden wanted to use it, what would you do?” Lastly, give
the child” social homework”

by asking him to practice this new skill, saying: “Now that you know the
importance of sharing, I want to

hear about something you share tomorrow.”

(Adapted from livescience.com-Tue )

Questions

a) In one sentence, explain what this passage is talking about? (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

b) What is the number one need of any human being? (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

c) What are cited as the causes for social rejection according to the passage
(2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

d) What is social rejection likely to lead to (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

e) What vicious cycle is referred to in this passage (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

f) How can a parent make children appreciate the lesson on social skills?
(2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

g) “How would you feel if Emma was hogging the tyre swing?” Re-write in
reported speech.
(1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

h) Make notes on the five-step approach to teach children social skills (5mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

i) Explain the meanings of the following words and phrases as used in the
passage (3mks)

i. Authority figure

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…

ii. Shunned

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…

iii. Jump on board

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…

21. Oral Narrative

Read the narrative below and answer questions that follow.
ORAL NARRATIVE ( 20 MARKS)
THE MAN WHO WAS PREGNANT IN THE KNEE
(Place of Origin: Kikuyu Collected by: K.P. Ndendero)

Along time ago, there was a man who was pregnant in the knee.
People of his
neighbourhood often told him that his knee was growing big. As time
went on, the knee grew
bigger and bigger . A time came when it was discovered that he would
give birth. He went into
a house and gave birth to three children. This man then took his three
children somewhere into
a cave. He gave them names, calling one girl Wanjiru.
After locking the cave from the outside, the man went to look for food
so that he could
feed the children. On coming back to the cave with the food, he usually
sang a song so that the
children could open the door for him to enter the cave. He had ordered
them to close the
entrance from inside, and not to open to anybody else other than
himself.
He sang:
Knee, Knee, Knee that has made me rich,
Gave birth for me to three children
Who I named Nyamathiriti, Nyamathangania, Nyamatuathanga
Njiru open for me I give you food
Which you know and which you don’t know.
Upon hearing that song , the children opened the door for him since
they had recognised
his voice. He entered the cave and gave them food to eat.
This routine was repeated every time the man went to look for food to
feed his children.
After quite some time had passed, the father of the children went to
look for food as usual. He
first locked the children from outside and they locked from the inside.
Coming back to the
cave with the food the man sang his usual song.
But Irimu had been eavesdropping, and heard the song the man sang.
He therefore decided to eat those children in the cave when their
father was absent. So when the father of the children, after some days,
went again to look for food, Irimu approached the door to the cave
and sang with a hoarse voice.

Knee, knee, that has made me poor, has made me rich,

Gave birth for me to three children
Who I named Nyamathiriti, Nyamathangania , Maturiathanga,
Njiru open for me , I give you food
Which you know and which you dont know.
After listening to that voice, the children knew that the voice was not
their father`s. Wanjiru
then told the ogre Go away you fool; you are not my father. The ogre
went away realizing that
the children would not open the door, since they had recognized that
his voice was not that of
their father.
After the ogre had gone away the father of the children came back
with food for the
children to eat. He then sang his usual song and the children
recognized his voice and opened
for him.
Irimu then went to a witchdoctor and said there are some children I
want to eat, how will I
know how to get them? The witch doctor answered, Go to the path of
ants; lay your tongue
there and let them bite you. Get bitten, bitten and bitten. When the
tongue oozes blood it will
then be able to sing like the father of those children.
Irimu then went to do as directed. He laid his tongue on the path of
ants. But when he
was bitten by some ants, he rose up quickly and exclaimed, Phew,
phew it hurts. He went back
to the witchdoctor and lied that he had really been bitten by the ants.
He then proceeded to the cave where the children were and sang with
a voice that
was still hoarse.
After listening to that voice the children realized that it was not their
fathers, Wanjiru
told him, Go away you fool, you are not our father.
Irimu had not softened his voice properly as he had been directed by
the witchdoctor
because he was afraid of pain. He went back to consult the witchdoctor
again. The witchdoctor
firmly directed him and said, Go and be bitten properly by the ants. So
he went to the path of
the ants and laid his tongue there. He was bitten, bitten and bitten till
his tongue oozed blood
and softened.
Now the father of the children sensing danger might befall his
children, had advised
and warned them that When you’ll be taken from here while I am
absent, take with you this
castor oil seeds. They are kept in a pot. So when you will be removed
from here, you drop the
castor oil seeds, as you go, and I will follow you up to where you have
been taken and I will
rescue you. Have heard that Wanjiru? Yes, replied Wanjiru.
After some days had gone by, the father of the children went again to
look for
something to eat. The ogre having been bitten properly by the ants;
came back to the cave. He
softened his mouth and then sang that song;
Knee, knee that made me poor, has made me rich.
Gave birth for me to three children
Who I named Nyamathiriti, Nyamathangania, Maturiathanga.
Njiru , open for me , I give you food
Which you know and which you dont know.
Wanjiru after listening to that voice and thinking it’s her father who
opened the door. Irimu
pushed the door open and entered the cave. He rudely ordered the
children. Out we go; But
Wanjiru at that moment remembered the castor oil seeds pot. She
snatched it before she was forcibly pushed outside. Wanjiru then
started dropping the seeds from the door steps. She went

On dropping and dropping, until the house to which they were taken.
The father of those

Children came back to the cave with food for children to eat. But when
he sang his usual song,

The door was not opened. But at that moment he saw the seeds at the
doorstep of the cave. He

Got alarmed and immediately knew that his children had been taken
away. He followed the

Castor oil seeds until he reached a house where the seeds ended.
Pretending to be a messenger

Sent on a mission he was welcomed into the house. He found that his
children had been

Brought there by Irimu. But after staying there for some days, he
organized a successful plan

And stole his children back. They ran away and went back home to
their cave. My story comes

To an end.

Questions

(a) Place the above oral narrative in its correct sub genre.
(2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b)Identify and illustrate one socio economic activity of

the society depicted in this oral

Narrative (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
…

(c) The witchdoctor’s advice to Irimu can be summed up

in a general proverb.

(i) Write down one such proverb from any community.

(1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Explain its relevance to the witchdoctor’s advice.

(2marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………. ………………..

€ What feature in this story shows that it is a traditional oral narrative?

(4marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

(g)Imagine you are telling this story to a group of young

children. How would you make the

Story more interesting? (4marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
…
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…

………………………………………………………………………………………………
…

(h)Which method do you think would be most suitable

when collecting this narrative from the

Field? (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
…

22. Reading Comprehension

COMPREHENSION (20MARKS)
Read the passage below and then answer the questions that follow.

The insect is not a blind automation. There is a ray of conscious

thought running through its
whole life. This view will meet opposition: to some people, the insect is
a machine without
emotion; to others, it is just a shade over the mechanical, process of
something called
`discernment,’ but without the slightest gleam of reason.
Ants, however, show great intelligence as excavators. The ordinary
plan of excavation is for ants
to carry out earth and throw it outside the nest. There is nothing
particular to note about it; all the
ants engaged at the task behave in the same way. But one day I
noticed a deviation. Some ants
had made a nest on the side of a bank. The ejected earth ran down
from it in a shoot, like a
landslide on the face of a hill. The shoot was very steep and crumbling,
and as each ant carried
out its load, it slipped on the loose material and tumbled down to the
bottom of the slope. The
ants, however, refused to be defeated. After some days of slipping and
falling, they managed to
devise an ingenious plan for surmounting the serious difficulty. They
assigned to one particular
ant the duty of consolidating and hardening the ground. This ant set
about collecting pebbles,
which it found near the base of the shoot. These pebbles it carried up
the shoot and then spread
them out in the form of a platform at the very top; just outside the
mouth of the nest.
This was tremendous labour for one ant. The carrying of the pebbles up
the slippery slope was a
task that lasted several days. It required the entire labourer’s strength,
and caused it innumerable
falls. It was interesting to see selection at work. The ant never took the
first pebble that offered.
Several were examined, picked up and tested, until one was found that
fitted the job. Moreover, it
did not place its pebbles in a haphazard way: it carefully found a
suitable spot for fitting of each
load. The final result was a platform of pebbles on which the
excavators walked easily, and no
more of them fell down the slope.
Can we deny intelligence to this? Is this the action of automation, a
thing that works blindly like a
machine? No. intelligence runs all through the act. There is divergence
from the accustomed
habits; there is choice in the selection of pebbles; there is design in the
making of the platform;
there is the end in view, and one very much to the advantage of the
ants. It was not instinct but
reason at work.
I can no more deny intelligence to this ant than I can to a man who
builds a parapet to prevent
people from tumbling down a hill.

Questions
(a)Why does the writer believe that the insect is not a blind
automation? (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

(b) Identify and illustrate the figure of speech used in the second
paragraph. (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

(i) State how this problem was solved. (3marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

€ Make notes on the procedure followed by the particular ant in making

the platform. (6marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

(j) Why was there a divergence from accustomed actions

of the ant? (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

(k) Explain the meaning of the following as used in the

passage
(I) Automation -
………………………………………………………………
……
(II) Surmounting -
………………………………………………………………
….
(III) Parapet :
………………………………………………………………
……….

23. Oral Poetry

Read the following oral poem and then answer the questions that
follow.

LISTEN
Listen
I My husband
In the wisdom of the Lang'o
Time is not stupidly split up,
Into seconds and minutes
It does not flow
Like beer in a pot
That is sucked
Until it is finished
It does not resemble
A loaf of millet bread
Surrounded by hungry youths
From a hunt
It does not get finished
Like vegetable in the dish

A lazy youth is rebuked

A lazy girl is slapped
A lazy wife is beaten
A lazy man is laughed at
Not because they waste time
But because they only destroy
And do not produce
And famine
Invade your villages .
And women take their baskets
To go and beg food

In the next village

Strangers will sleep with them

They will have your wives

And what you say?

Questions

a) Classify this song. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………

b) Who is the singer of this song? (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………

c) Explain socio- economic activities practiced by the community from

which the song is derived from?

(4mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………

d) Identify and illustrate three features that qualify this to be an oral

poem. (6mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………

e) What is the dominant tone of this song? (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………
f) What main value do we learn from this community

24. COMPREHENSION

Read the passage below and then answer the questions that follow.
(20mks)

Most of the 10 million Kenyans threatened with starvation are not

where you thought they would be.
They are not the drought-stricken rural areas. They are instead, in the
country’s urban centers, huddled in
the informal settlements famously known as slums.
New official report lays bare the reasons for Kenyans hunger-and they
go beyond rain failure. Drought is
only one of the growing numbers of causes of hunger threatening
nearly 10 million people in the country.
The Kenya food security update-released this week-says that the
highest number of people who are likely
to starve are low-income earners who live in urban informal
settlements.
According to the February 2009 survey, 4.1 million people in Nairobi
and Mombasa slum are threatened
with starvation because of reduced earnings resulting from the loss of
employment after the elections
violence.
Matters have been made a lot worse by rising food prices. In the slums,
37 percent-or nearly four in every
10-of the households reported having only one meal a day. And adults
are required to be of good
behavior by restricting the food portion they consume. People are
running into debt, moving elsewhere or
selling whatever belongings they have to survey according to the
survey.
Ironically, this population is receiving the least help from the
government, aid workers and good
Samaritans who are lining up to give donations everywhere. “The
unfortunate reality is that intervening
organization tend to respond to emergencies fairly quickly and have
less enthusiasm for funding and
implementing non-food interventions that are, at the minimum,
mitigative in nature,’’ says the reporter. It
is jointly published by the government, the world food programmer the
United States Agency for
International Development and the Famine Early Warning Systems
Network.
As the global economics crisis bites and its effect are felt at home, it is
unlikely that the rains-in whatever
quantity-will alleviate the suffering of the urban hungry. The army of
the manual workers, domestics and
office support staff, security guards and idlers is hungry.
If they are not fed- and urgently, too-Kenyans urban middle class can
expect a spike in larceny and other
petty crimes, all to their detriment. Not to forget the public face of the
famine, those affected by the
extended drought season are only 2.5 million- and they have among
their number some 850,000 school-
age children.
Another 1.9 million people are faced with starvation because they are
affected by HIV/AIDS- either
directly or have lost a breadwinner to the condition. A shocking
admission in the report is that there are
150,000 people displaced after the elections who are in transit camps
close to their homes but cannot
return or farm. This number receive food rations from the UN World
food Program Emergency
Operation Officially, the government claims that is has moved 255,000
people out of camps for the displaced. With

150,000 people displaced after the election depending on donor dole,

the resettlement efforts has only

Benefited 105,000 people.

This number constitutes 16 percent of the revised total of 663,000

displaced people which is the official
Figure from the Ministry of Special Programmes. Obviously, truth is
something that makes the coalition

Government extremely uncomfortable that it spends most the time

sugarcoating it.

Questions

a) Where are most starving Kenyans assumed to be? (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
……….

b) What steps are victims of hunger taking for their survival? (4mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
……….

c) What are likely consequences of hunger on Kenyans urban middle

class? (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
……….

d) Rewrite the following sentence beginning: (Rising……….)

Matters have been made a lot worse by rising food price. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
……….

e) What according to the passage is wrong with the approach taken by

the groups assisting the

Hungry? (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

f) Make notes on the reason for Kenya’s hunger. (4mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
g) Why is the rain unlikely to alleviate the suffering of the urban
hungry? (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
h) Explain the meaning of the following expressions as used in the
passage. (4mks)
i) Alleviate-
………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Larceny-
……………………………………………………………………………………............
iii) Donor dole
………………………………………………………………………………………….
iv) Sugarcoating
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

25. Oral Narrative

ORAL LITERATURE
Read the narrative below and then answer the questions that follow.
20mks
THE CRUEL STEP – MOTHER
Once upon a time, there was a man and wife who had a baby girl.
Unfortunately, the wife died and so,
the man married again. He got another girl with the second wife.
The two girls became extremely close, so close that whenever the
mother sent one on an errand, the other
was sure to accompany her. The mother, however, did not like the child
of the deceased. She would
always show her dislike by denying her certain favours. Her feelings
became so bad that she decided to
get rid of the girl. To do this, she dug a hole in her bedroom on a day
when the husband was absent and
covered the hole with a cow’s hide. She then called her daughter and
sent her to the house of a friend some kilometers away. As usual, the
two girls wanted to go together but the woman refused, giving the

excuse that she wanted to send the other one elsewhere.

After the departure of her daughter, she called the other girl and sent
her for her snuffbox in the bedroom.

Unaware of what lay ahead, the girl eagerly rushed into the room only
to fall into a hole! The mother

Very quickly filled the hole with soil, completely disregarding the girl’s
screams for help.

When the daughter came back, she merely assumed that the absence
of her dear companion was justified.

After hours of waiting, she, however, became impatient and questioned

the mother.

‘Where is my sister?’ she asked.

‘But she followed you. As soon as she did what I wanted, she ran after
you. Now stop bothering me,’ the

Mother retorted.

Time passed and the now anxious girl went round calling out the name
of the other one, but all in vain.

Alas…. She cried the whole night and the next day and refused to
touch any food. The father helped in

The search but to no avail.

After three days, the girl still cried and called the other one. She then
heard a very weak voice responding

In song:
Maalya Maalya

Maalya Maalya

Na mwenyu niwe mwai iiee malya,

Ekwinza muthiko iiee malya,

Wakwisa kunthika iiee malya

(Maalya Maalya

And your mother is the wise one iiee malya,

She dug a grave iiee malya,

For interring me in iiee malya.)

The girl dashed towards the direction of the voice, repeated her cries
and again go the same response.

She came to the conclusion that whoever was responding was

definitely underground somewhere in the

House. Immediately the father came that day (before the arrival of the
mother), she told him what had

Happened After hearing the song, the father dug up the place and
pulled out an extremely weak and

Disfigured daughter. All three wailed and wailed. Eventually, the father
gave her a mixture of blood from

A goat and milk to drink after which she vomited all the soil she had
eaten. He gave her some more of the

Mixture on after which he hid her.

When the wife eventually came back, the man did not let her get into
the house but sent her for a cow in a

Far off place. He explained away his action by telling her that he had
decided to host a feast for relatives

(including his in-laws). In the meantime , he sent for all of them. When
the woman came back with the cow, she found everyone waiting for
her. Uneasy now, she sat down in the place she was shown by her

Husband.He then stood up and after welcoming all, reminded them of

the lost daughter. He then called

Upon the wife to explain the circumstances leading to the sad episode.
She hauntingly repeated the now

Commonly known story. When she sat down, the husband told this
woman’s daughter to repeat her

Earlier wails after which all heard:

Maalya Maalya

Na mwenyu niwe mwai iiee malya,

Ekwinza muthiko iiee malya,

Wakwinsa kunthika iiee malya.

All were surprised to hear the words of the other girl’s song and at that
moment, the ‘dead’ girl joined

Them. The woman was as though paralysed by shock.

The husband then explained the truth of the matter and told his in-laws
to take their daughter with them.
They said that if that was what she had done to the girl, they couldn’t
have such a monster in their house.

The woman was disowned by all and chased away.

QUESTIONS

(a) To which audience and when can such a story be told? (2mks)

________________________________________________________________________
_____________

(b)Explain three features of style employed in the narrative.

(6mks)

________________________________________________________________________
_____________

b) Contrast the character of the mother and her blood daughter.

(4mks)

________________________________________________________________________
_____________

(c) Explain two problems you are likely to encounter when

collecting materials for such a genre. (4mks)

________________________________________________________________________
_____________
________________________________________________________________________
_____________

(d)Explain two problems you are likely to encounter when

collecting materials for such a genre. (4mks)

________________________________________________________________________
_____________
€ What does the author mean by the following sentences as used in
the passage?

(i) “When the daughter came back, she merely

assumed that the absence of her dear companion
was

Justified.” (1mk)

________________________________________________________________________
_____________

(ii) And your mother is the wise one iiee Malya. (1mk)

________________________________________________________________________
_____________

(f) What is the moral lesson of this narrative? (2mks)

________________________________________________________________________
_____________

26. Reading Comprehension

Read the passage below and answer the questions based on it

(20marks)
Recognizing attitude

You should have seen her walk in with elegance and style. Even those
who had no taste for beauty
and art quickly realized that she stood out among the beauty
contestants. This was not an ordinary
beauty contest like the previous ones. The competition had moved
from the mere focus on outside
beauty; it required brains too. When it came to answering the
questions, Atieno did not disappoint
the audience. She was eloquent and articulate, answering the
questions intelligently and with precision. What is more, Atieno was
cool and composed. She struck an image of one who was sure of
herself and her subject. She spoke on how she would plough back the
prize money to educate girls in her village and help orphans ravaged
by the HIV/ AIDS pandemic. When she finished speaking, I could not
help but join the rest of the audience in giving Atieno a standing
ovation. To me, she was the epitome of perfection, a marriage of
beauty and brains.
I loved the appearance and the experience of the judges. Their
resumes spoke of people who were widely travelled and had vast
experience, thus they knew what to look for in the contestants.
I had no doubt that they would give a fair judgment. We waited with
bated breath for the judges to come back from their consultations to
announce the winner. Soon we became restless as people began
whispering and murmuring. When it took a bit longer, word even begun
going round that the judges had disagreed on who the winner was.
Finally, the judges emerged. Looking at their faces, my instincts told
me something was amiss.
Without wasting time, Judge Dulo dropped the bomb shell: “The winner
of Miss Kenya Beauty
Contest 2023 is Mzalendo Lukenya!" Shouts of disapproval filled the
room. Even the minister for
Culture and Social Services who is known for his level-headedness
shook his head in disapproval.
Finally the master of ceremonies calmed the audience and the judges
called the winner on stage.
When she appeared, the hall was filled with ululation and shouts of
jubilation as song and dance
filled the hall. I saw the minister wipe a tear from his left eye. The
judges and the contestants had played a
trick on us! Mzalendo Lukenya was actually Atieno! They had agreed
not to associate her with any tribe in
Kenya, hence the use of the name Mzalendo Lukenya. There were more
shouts, music and dance in the
hall. Indeed, this was a pageant of 'Beauty and Brains.'

Questions
a. Why was this contest different from any other? (1 mark)
________________________________________________________________________
____

b. Identify a sentence in the last paragraph that indicates

that all was not well. (1mk)

________________________________________________________________________
____

c. Using illustrations from the passage describe the writer’s

attitude towards Atieno (3mks)

________________________________________________________________________
____

d. Identify and illustrate a stylistic device dominating the

last paragraph (2mks)

________________________________________________________________________
____

e. Why do you think the minister wiped a tear from his left
eye? (2mk)
________________________________________________________________________
____

f. In a paragraph of not more than 30 words describe Atieno

(5marks)

________________________________________________________________________
____

g. Re-write the following sentences according to the

instructions given after each (1mks)

(i) Atieno did not disappoint the audience(Re-write in

passive voice)

________________________________________________________________________
____

ii. I had no doubt they would give a fair judgement (Rewrite using
“fairly”) (1mk)

________________________________________________________________________
____

h. Give the meaning of the following words as used in the

passage (3mks)

i. Epitome__________________________________________________
__
ii. Resume____________________________________________________

iii. ululations __________________________________________________

iv. Articulate___________________________________________________

27. Oral Poetry

Read the oral poem below and then answer the questions that
follow. (20 marks)

Bob bob, bobbing wagtail

Coming bobbing along.
Take your shield Little Girl Twin
And we go kill the Herdsmen

But the Herdsmen have done no harm

When they slaughtered their ox
They gave me a piece of bone
Take that to your mother Little Girl Twin
And I will take this to my father.

As I went trudging along

Eagle came and struck me
And I plucked a feather from him
From whom did you pluck the feather?

I plucked it from Sharp-Sharp-Claws

And where is Sharp-Sharp-Claws gone to?
He is gone to the papyrus patch
This is no papyrus patch
This is only a bogey marsh.

The plucky plucking woman

Where she plucks her hoe from
Is where she plucks beans from
Like this: kku!
(a) Classify the above song. 2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….

(b)Who is singing in the song? Give a reason. (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….

€ State any two the functions of the song (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………

(e) Explain one economic activity from the community in which

the song is picked from. (1

Mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
…….

(f) Explain the two voices singing in the poem (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
……….

(g)Summarize what the singer is singing about. (3 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….

(h)With illustration identify the moral values emphasized in the

community. (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….

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