a , we ontw of mibitele smal ral 0 Mey ob Hiw serwad across geogeaprical and. Uinbed dogethux fori economic dispatch stabliity and wel SReltability 14 TF one segion fails Onothex con > Support at- i 2yLoad Ghaning:- Allens optirrasm shox ng of gensasion ; eye, Hag outees, & Leonowie dispabch 4-1 -cheaigan genutadton sources con serine ; distant doad *y Reduted’ nesewve sequined s- Ghawd gascver teduce Overall spinning MAGUS Onadlenges 7 Complexe Load flous patlesng ruildidirwcd onah } > Plows duc do RES Tee pas mastcok pastiche ation Ord trdividisak Prdvete_ ‘oa plagues Cr Pes) Z L, 8 Vothege “instebiliy g= bleak) buses: Con. Loading? Aine erapte dasrel ng pode > Inleraua.os clladions small stgrak inetail' tes” bin doscge pouwerc eystorys a. ‘ , } eee cone Attias was '- thy requites '? ee) sea pr ne es eee tau secondary sand Heatasy 2 Oybocseewdty mish A ugbor cbtad in ow tag) a se iho Oe. to trlegscatiors “egion DS Comgestonmanagerent .- Seme Tr Connidors ‘ecomes bottlenecks. AoBenefits srinwreaned’ Comgetittion Vemeguladion $- Key Componands i Kener ; wited- © yprunating Companies 79 to eOeskee ® Thanamisstor Companies % trot eae \odton ® Vienivudion Compardes = fecoragtion of @ Rotoil Blecticity Phovidew yraisbode $- : 1 Tree onde apm opoudn |S eee Pegi oral darargmisson onganization ere ar Wye ed © i‘ F t tr SB tebe teu thure mvertmant | Povstrt s/s demegulakion is the meatwurc of the ebecidh Send uatauy Frromnca troditional vet cally t aked mono poly Jods) do a competitive market. Histor ely . A single tdility company would eusn and openale all as} of tho pause S}s including generall ov , power plards Te, High Voltage lrg, distdbulton, Lécaluites 6 indrogeucturd, Ths model otkéod incentives fon A), vanovadion and Costraduotion “Ff unas indvoduced do cddvuss this issuss - The ons of daguiatio is unburnd ling of Rouser System compovonts Allosing differant companies fe gpeclolize and complete sith Bath secon. Seat dis ' vend! integrated filtay wb brusleen up into dighingt comnpories aten cos. th wu emtitia ethod osnand 9 powe pounexglans. they come\dte cstth 2ach otux Jose ebcledd ~phany gona ode ort Har usrhslesch Epes > seul pousese of Coysest possible Co Bg) NTPC jebe NHPC, NLC yvpctL , DVL, MPPact “TRA: ADANT, sauadial ' ars’ COS? iy Conalcleredt Moma iki Qu : Teen nical A ed a $28 OF Prwoclines tanning, posal de cogh other, regent ahs ween vemosey CTUIL , PWCIL PHEIL owns ovr 907s of Indias tronsmission © s Motonal toad dis patch camber. ADANT, CEA =. Planning asithoru ty Ss rwaperaible For Coorginoding Cerdtol edu and Stake elechu ody qagulosony commission. (SERC, CERC] Dis Gown 4 bus similosx to the Anonamissin, ocak Dis Cow ve FE Eiten nuusonle ts oa nadusal: mango Wy Thuena wesporatble fon maintaining Jocal \nfiroastw wo ( Pole, Wine Honshas' and dallivedug puso to. individual hing and, Businesses . Also nesporsible for billing and customun service fon delivery oF bill, SERC (Srede electrdcity wagulctony commissions] RE : Ps jm Te uy Faly deneguladedl , Thuy sbuy clectndaly from gencog and soll it do Corsmaryy Tndta “dow not yet howe afully compel Xue REP movderk Ule US bub mang onbtty gerform similax Roles State aol Privthe ~ddscom supply PALE to qail USUES unalox Weence , G. 3b ,190 WA, UV > reader aclual = 6 Phos Mpuz Yaerusl; fou 2B 24OmMVA, 39 KY Abore Nome = KVA = je = O-Ol2) me i [op 7 Mpruae 6! o ‘ : " Golz * 1008 “FyQ Puruadaneof SomvA ,22kV altemnaton Is, 0.5625 pw, The of, seadante don 6 " bare voltage, of 33 kV and 20 MWA ustll be SF Xpunaw = Xpuold x MUAntW 4f KVold |Z : : : MU Ald. Vege, > : : KU nw Poe 5) 6695 K EO. an) 561 (3g = Od pa Q.: the impedonee value of; generazon is a2 - r2HS pu. ona bose value of 3% 13.4 ny 40 mult The impedonte, your efon, base value of 26 | KV (LOO MVA LS } | Po apt HARRY Bast ons AE (SE = SEEK 005 peu 4 @ The peunit impedanteof genvaden th Interxcomredd « OS comesporoling dot oysh voltage and KVA ¢ moalvy Js O5pujat eu impedance corespmdiy! fo a raw commn base voltage andkua nating : wlth we 125¢/, of gen, bare value seleded for whole olen will ba 4 4 (25 Lo z = { Zptrow = 0.5% “i # (a) 62 OG PyAleinadon has, aqwattante oF 0-3 PUL, 0 eae of wwactaner of oliexnaton will be, \n ohms KNr 2) 1S% Lge yg i ay Xaduol = 90.3% 09 Xorkuol = O12 aM : @ Agensoton diay its quadane value Os Vere and VAnas ond ov this bare Brvaluo ite PUL Impedonree value us Xpu- TR dre valus OF voltage base fs taj is do pled and valur of VA base doubled then Lpuncw ° Xpooe = > Nv wv o = xX x S2 x(L)2 l 3 = 0.2K Q A Sh mMoton draws & KUAR ot pt of orslagging Paar g WYSd Volts 10 MVA geruxaton , though & Tr Wine , then pu value 0 dhe atktve poe cstowh bymoton ™m gen. base oxill pu VISind = 6KUAR kyph® = 6 2 | ue ey 7 lokKVA KW = 1LOXO4% = -% KW , fru Pacdul - 8. onpu Phase ]0a Q A bolanced posthive $e, ghase corneoked 3 owt cL: Van = 230.942 9°V us connttted do o A connected: lo 435-nfphose load , tren OU value of Une ayant till be —— pu Assume base as 400 vells, 50kvA. Vi = VEx 23094 > 400 Vl BW Bore Curcurd i S sare . $0 %103) ~ 42169 TE Vgare — YRKUD Tn DS Coneett on ys | ‘Leh = Me 4 AD, gis at A. 7 Za (etd 8s-4 ; i Line unr In A = 03 ¥Iph » SR k SS HH > El9GP = PU line Guewnt = 669% ‘fQo urea le | v Nae i le } Lvs 2 = | Yo3 s irmple dese. @ sfauvch bs ode Tous =Hew | [News | TS gic vi + Grr (Ue) a Yu Cvi-Va) —oO. Ip> Yor + 9 Lv2-Mi) *Yz23 Wi-Va) —© 6 = Y30N3 4 is Cvz-Vi) i S03 (Ng-Ur) —@) an 2 tgio Hunts) Vis sie - YR V3 Farom eqn : a OV + Cyooddia t¥23) Vo- Yrs Farom eqn (3) -O = -¥isV_- G232 4+ CY¥yset¥ gt Yes) Ti grokgir tga ry gig vi Ty = {-Br2 YrootYir2tYos “Yo | : 6 Tt (O42 5 “Ge0tyin ty Usy 4s Vee sum of admittane. ee el a bus, The off-diagonal us negative, of dha admittan ¢e: bth duro Sa > The eloment of bus admittona maknic canbe excemeased OSs - ‘A= Da Mi [2 Ug ene MnO f Thus dhe dodving pornt admittania of Bust ‘ia = mal V8 Vy eug une Lh ds dhe transfer bus admittana bw bust Zo Spasisity = “Total no. of Zero chorronds Total no. of element 2 TH dth and jth buy cre hot Comnneded do each o tux oe Yag =O : Total eomentg = n> i (n> no. of buses) Mon coro elements = diagonal elemont + 2 No. of admittance, CT tine) Nom Zero elemonp: Y Dinroot ina peetion method : , A + Singuloss melnod. : : Lee “me Ybus matede ds seange’ madttic (ie.'mesto eLornont www becuuse notalk bus cu eaneeded ee Se mann b4) quand, to stone os ts7 Ba prs system shos 15 buses and 2S ‘ Tx Wines detouriina ¢/o spawityot the Y bus : moka we r 1 . total elemanks = ot = 1622 g26 : Total non zu elements = [5 4 2435 , ia 1 ate’ =o . , To “COO twunk ‘= 2e25- = i f Talk Ne cig” AD Seanstty = NO y pe Gare 7. 225 x— x x * Piswek irepetten mothod! — -' A ee EE, \ Tusk Govleing ok cha Powerayatem, We Can formulake Y bus moby by observing diagonal jermant ushi da vs 2 Re) SS ofall admittante cu branches Cnnaded Un = dior Gir tYlot-~-- Yig t Yn The Jouser case Leer reproseng the &cluct Adinitine conned fo tue bus, whruas he Upper case teHou qep rasernds the glomus OF - Kho bus adm) Hane motrin, dio = admiHanta, connected bin bus tang ground! gro Sig = admittance connected bin bus A Ond ¥ OFF Mogomal elamants. is equal to the —ve @F admiktenca comnaedced bin duso Nodes. TH thee is ne Conhackior bth Jth and Kih busBw He Tebooy Jitance \n a ous Ved C adm Sam of it ghrUna bn ae be 0 a \ , SAZBwr PS NIW: hos, fplloutng Ty (the olote As Lo (Lous, ‘ual ng nominal TT modat fon Cx 7 and Delgomne Bw cadmittane matric. Fawn | ao Sed es imeedaneg Te Lt [2 jotaha dps, 220M 3B O12 e doy 40g ' : 3 r Ot + $02. ‘£. < : r pan Se AOD . ( “Yas zoho se | 3 Ze3 ©. 24) oy ae = ; S I Ya Lis Ow lr yor. 7 2 ehyay ee +412, Tia, = =§0-5 +t S3)4G2 $4) = = 56s Yee = Fre #124 frag =U es tho%) © (4-93) + (1-329, = 2-53.4 8 Yas Wao F dis thes = (908) + 2-34) + (4-92) S20 32 SEs Tha -2+dy -ie+si ape gi oahy ps oe ie ocDn be ha pus hos QO poobus ps Yous Total Noe of TH ae 2 Total elements BOs spared ty ull be = on™ 2 gex-mo = 6400 eee ee elamant to bob ehoumant ee elomank oo arnark Non zero elomant = bes hit ete a = 6400 — er 640 Noro = 2x Trine t dagonalelemudh 2 ip tine eG 640- %o0 ee | ZV’ 290 [ a: Th Une c 7 Sposisity = Fo %% Pow) zee élorrant we = 10 o fom non 2050 CLlerrant Total elorrent * 10, Nom =o element. Panui: dieu mosaic » oO 2:5 ve Yy = 2844 » = 35 . : Yee = 39.5454 » 3 : ) = tS ’ Yag= ~12-S45y | = 5S ie en(5325) Ye WW: 0 owe Yar Ya, = --325) 3) 423 = ld) _ iti =e (325 52-8 i uy a s[~s 2 O |: *| We = =(31) Sag O45 -54 \ O ssst ~ 345 |1a Asam Ps Shawn belad wharw-the elomanks o FY BW matic Yn = - S12 pu Yeo = -2BPU Ya3 = - to PY Ret unit value of ; OD are = 2 Lo « < « ‘ ‘ : Une aaatence tg hieT12 = She © Yaa Ts ce -Wy 123=Y22 = ~ifz Yu Yig dy. y ‘er Yay “a! 4 . 7 ee dz “io No + Yi9 +My = “Yen Yye = 9 0 Yeo + Yea Yr, ¢ : “Yk -J2 = 3Q +ameters tn les shaw bolew dhe mardaad poral VU Wn pac unit jrnreedon ee . Adch} Hane modriu of alw vs joa Son @ a0) S002, @ fj 100 io = ero | JOr Yt2=Y2y = -53 4tC= Got Gig =o u fae + 122 = Uy 9+ U1) = -53 Yu Yao _ pio -(5)) Yu, Yoo ‘ ~(-53) ~is. = Slo 3 Ss 35 ~j Sj_ f ii . The bw admitfoner mokwie o€ aS va . ‘910 I5 j Sis Be 38) . the trapedarer of Une tn bus @ and © ® 1 i » usill be e 4 £ Samed gas aeyFO! > _ | nn ' yn 4 =i | se -Sod. F285 ee © st ) i wang ps NiwW is Brant th a fy “Galina the Huattan tos ose moved’ tr gor unit . On ioe \ ents ushat is the vows Jor OF Una a Qu crdmarttainee rag N Seal | op @ Un > Yoo t: Uap . Yas. : TO ‘ Stet yt JO, JOU” Sore 2 “Ye - 95° -35 2 120 : ykEw — MATRIA NOB ih get BUS TMPEDA ae Lex lod : eal on, 22 ed ply me SO bus is used for: coe Heo STAN caus coun be fornud by nee Prom He YB : S Buk dn Loge SS » my inated te a odie 1h becorrws ver l caplet enndric ean be Construutled element by-elemend using: simple Agowithm +o nconporah f ove at adm. Unlike 4) busy the = Bus impedaner moti os neuer Sparse , _ ahoth Y Bus cond Z bus is Symmedtd cal around dhe prinuple dlouenot , >The Diagonah Chevonts is colled the Deduing point trgedonoe . / sand dhe offdiugenal elumerdks ts called the Lransfor imeedaner , : [« | [z Zin Zt Ti {Vevs] ~[Zeve] [0.5 vo. 221 Zoe Zag dy = X. = Vs a geoti7 es fide ee Zoo=N Miz ZuT, tZnT. + 2, Tz ’ r Leo Ne = Zar) + Zeotg +t Zos Ig Rh=9 Ng > Za) tZy. Tro + ZagThe dodving pant Tmeed anwis ' minal by Gar - O92 Umeuitthg dhe awe ox bUst and 5 “ond injeckt Te ot bus 2, Yhon the naho of ee ourk ak bw 2 will BAve YOR vellage dsdvivg, poink Yongedor ee, Zag similorhy “412 tan be UsMitten ay ati Al Te rs 0 Ig =O So Tram fex tec dane ig acakto of Vand + ol diff. rb2e.- ck ah othox rorayds Coe paduted.co xO,” oe But, a of l : a aut lt Saf Z evs are are dogmal ebrunts of het Zaye cB Fhe Proven equivolart Jimecdowee ad covivaa ponditag, buses.i yea ALO 8 | Addition - of ‘news element Zs Type Bu pain of ans ; oo eg: imagine ho eomunt is SUS ng easlien, ih Ee Z=[oJ ae one elorvant da added bls bus! Bruf Zeus= [1] Next rid Germant is added of 2-2 blw bus22 auf 2608 2 | 1 © oo Now 34 Bas ds B Lb hos Clemunt Sr bjud bus BB veh 1 8 @& zou fo Ps“Ty pe 9 3— Addittor oF New elena “zy blu Now Sus PB enisting bus k Vy= 2u Tye Zr Tat 77 Zi Che tp) t ~~ 4Zuntn Vo = Zar Lit Cardn + 7 - # Mk (Xe etp)t ~~ + Zen, Vio = Leith t Zig ty to HER t2s) Teed Zen Ty mock Se >) lt Zul+Zebt ZT ao ZikZp ¥ Bu Zi == = Zag Zi Ze VV Vo. 2a) Zon - - ~ Lew ree 1 vi |= fen Zig 07 Die - +7 Zen oon | te : \ ' : 5 : ‘ 1 ' i ‘ : Nn Zhi Zana se Fe aca ee Zeitlin Ve Zn Leg - - - Zin Zan Levtts | | Ze ® Pe - e& Paw _, Ac ae ) Zeus = é ie Co SS oo se SG> Reaisdion based. ecomanic dead dispatch y » ) Hy doco Polenta i etal c a, Elednical > KVecess ity of toad Mow D ¥ Sousew of manchue Roar g- N iy a = —————* ABCD Porcamsder oF Tand Nekwork 7 Bonnar = Wonk ih ue ——— Und £ distr ? ee Capaciten 7 ages Give pauses Show RL Pioduees lo z : Poe anions trib medium 3 Lumpia aie paamelus o load Cord = Up ave mushiam & m3.aghon he Une) we voload oi tightly load ., than the Up > Us . Ths is tallod Fesecandt elleck Ue, Lrsuladion foilwue ' 1 Pascal Capacitor = .wieba A 1 = Ve -U _ Ay e L = Asa shoul be 10° _ ughion ts belle Gynch. Condengex off | , ' static: capacitor , 2 pana aw Cominatfed are Bus - = which affect mow co He Wo Hage, acktue on qo. CH ve pruners commens.on t pri rata true we A es oF qancive ; . Wessex * Shon and uefdmose | Vor Vi Pe onan andl 7 of waa omy ele-30 IZ 1 Se pana” . Vv / whan lincis nalead. on wy er Ae sae Ltght load hak Ue: ‘ i \ a3 saucce ot Rewer 2, a -ea™ J Nv" = ay = Qe Ome vee SMW Method of Voltage Ort] VG at woload [ Tap changlng of X-fonmur | YO At load shunt qwackor, Stable VAR system ; pSyn choo phase modifiers and Lyn. garsnador - Y.. Nalouscal lsaaling Suge trnped wr er Lady : . Fe | vale (aes igara ° Z Tr Awe Vtwe Yx x us con conser soverticatd Synduons motor taunning em noload > Synchwros moton daliven on abs onb seh P Ouse” by changing the BC exatatten of tts field wd: “sy Overettitakon = leaoti Cwuantl % Sdpe(tes Pee Ve PO WOH 7 eC + Cosby Ny