History of Wool

Astronauts use wool for greater comfort in the confines of their spaceship. Wool
protects the climbers and polar scientists, the sailors who sail alone from the
oceans of the world and the men who are on oil strike in Alaska. It is about a
fiber adjustment of heroes - and for more ordinary people.

Introduction

The story of wool began a long time ago, before history when primitive man
first he dressed in wool skins, from the wild sheep he killed for food. There was
discovered a durable fabric that gave him what nothing else could give: equal protection from
heat and cold, of the wind and the rain. A versatile fabric that kept him cool in the heat of the day and
warm in the cold of the night, what could absorb the moisture without feeling wet.

Man can never equal. No other material, natural or man-made, has all
Its qualities. But man can perfect and improve wool. He has done so through breeding.
selective breeding of sheep and through the incorporation of wool fabrics in qualities such as
resistance to shrinking and durable against wrinkles and folds, moth-proof, test shower and
the test stains.

Science and technology have kept wool at the forefront of fabrics, adapting to
the current needs without detracting from their virtues. In other parts of the world, man
Primitive man had domesticated the sheep in 10,000 BC.

Lana in the story

The man soon realized that killing the sheep for their meat was just a
waste of food and materials. And once he became a shepherd with the help of his
Friend the dog, probably the only animal to be domesticated before the sheep - that soon
he devised a method to produce wool clothing.

Even before wool cloth 10,000 years before Christ was being spun and woven in the north.
Europa. To turn it, she took the wool in one hand and pulled it out, twisting it into a thread with her fingers.
from the other hand. The result was an uneven thread of thickness. Later, a rough spindle was
developed by installing a stone or clay ring at the end of a rod
short wood. The ring acted as a flywheel and activated the stretched thread to be wound onto the
spindle. This spinning method was used for thousands of years and is still used by the
rural communities in various parts of the world.

Weaving is the interlacing of wool threads to make clothing. The loom initially consisted of a bundle.
of light from the lengths of thread (warps) were hung and weighted at the lower end by
stones. The `fabric 'thread is placed from one side to the other through the suspended warp threads`
in one like the over-and-in virtue of the action, to patch a sock. Just like with the spinning, this
The system was used for thousands of years.

Now there were two instruments: one for spinning, and another for weaving spun wool. The loom was the
first to be improved. The warp threads were arranged horizontally across a
frame instead of being suspended vertically from a beam. Next, they alternate
threads of the warp were tied to sticks (grids), which were raised and lowered in turn. Through the
opening formed between the two sets of warp threads of the wooden needle that carries
The thread of the plot could be passed in one movement, thus avoiding the laborious 'over-and-under.'
action. Later, the needle that was dug into a "shuttle" so that it could carry within it a
bobbin of thread for the weft, as it is done on a modern loom.

The spinning wheel arrived much later, between the years 500 and 1000, and replaced the ring and the staff.
The wheel was connected by a pulley on the axle, which is mounted horizontally on a
frame. One turn of the large wheel made about twenty turns of the spindle, so now wool could
be spun faster.

By the time the Romans invaded the islands in 55 BC, the Britons had
a wool industry has developed and this was encouraged by its new masters. Emperors
Romanos appreciated British wool fabrics 'so fine that it was comparable to a spider's web.'

The Saxon invasions in the 5th century were on the verge of destroying the industry. However, it is known that in
In the 8th century, Great Britain was the exporter of woolen fabrics to the continent and after that
The arrival of the Norman conquerors in 1066 expanded the industry. Due to wool in the 12th century.
it was becoming the greatest national asset of England. Making clothes was very widespread,
especially in the large cities of the south and east of England closest to the continent.

But the greatest wealth comes from the exports of raw wool. The kings and their ministers
deeply appreciated the income resulting from exports and taxes on the
export and by the power that was granted to the king to grant or revoke concessions to the
cities of wool and industry.

The peak of production was reached in the 13th century. Subsequently, wool trade decreased.
for a long period due to political struggles.

English cloth looms quickly gained an international reputation. From being primarily a
exporter of raw wool, England became a manufacturer in the 14th and 15th centuries,
screen exporter. By the end of the fifteenth century, England was largely a nation of the
sheep farmers and fabric manufacturers." The following two centuries saw the continuous
expansion of the industry despite conflicts at home and abroad.

The Industrial Revolution from 1750 to 1850 caused shock. It was the announcement of the new
inventions that arise from the cotton industry of Lancashire, to mechanize and speed up
dramatically the spinning and weaving processes. The manufacturing methods, unchanged since the
reactivation of commerce in the 14th century, they were replaced. Mechanization had opposed
in the past and was again. In the Luddites' uprisings of 1812, the team was destroyed by
organized workers' bands, who feared losing their jobs. But the machinery won the
day.

Wool growth

Sheep can adapt to an extraordinarily wide range of environments. Some

So the skill of British breeders has had a widespread effect, stemming from
from the 18th century, when the great Robert Bakewell of Leicestershire pioneered new techniques
not only in breeding, but also in breeding. Bakewell's work represented a great leap towards
go ahead, but he was not the first in the field. It has taken centuries of selective breeding and crossbreeding
to produce today's sheep.

A primary requirement was to improve the natural coat of the sheep. This figure not only the wool fiber,
but the hair and 'kemp' - a fiber unsuitable for dyeing. These had to be removed or
minimized through selective breeding. Early sheep also grew, both of coarse wool and
I finish in the same thick and soft cloth so here was another of the requirements for sheep of the breed
that grew one type of wool or another.

DEVELOPMENT

Despite the development of complex and elaborate machinery, the basic principles of the
spinning and weaving machines are the same as when primitive man first twisted wool
raw in thread between her fingers and then, in her loom of raw, they wove the fabrics.

The medieval loom remained unchanged until 1733, when John Kay invented his.
"flying shuttle," which was mechanically propelled back and forth across the warp,
without having to be thrown' by the weaver. Automatic spinning followed. Rotary roller Sir Richard
Arkwright's machine was originally pulled by horses and later by power from
water, when it became known as the waterframe. In 1767, James Hargreaves, a weaver of
Blackburn invented the spinning machine, with several spindles mounted side by side. With this development
a spinner could work like 120 spindles at the same time.

Samuel Crompton's spinning machine combined the principles of both the water frame and the Jenny.
The spindles were no longer stationary but mounted on a movable cart. This distance traveled
from the rollers, output drawing of the wool threads that are simultaneously twisted by the
spindles for imparting resistance - a principle still used in spindles all over the world.

Other machines were invented for the preparation of wool for weaving. They include the machine
of combing, used in the wool industry to comb the long parallel fibers of wool and the
removal of the short fibers, and the carding machine for the outlet opening, mixing and
straighten the wool fibers after cleaning.
Energy was finally applied to all mechanical processes. At the beginning of the steam engine.
Watt in the 19th century was in the factories of Yorkshire. At the end of the hand loom century weaving had
practically disappeared. The path ahead now had to continue with the development
added improvements, better quality and greater manufacturing speed that have made today's wool,
like in the past, the most precious fabric in the world.