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Adjective (we‡klY): J. C. Nesfield Gi g‡Z, An adjective is a word that is used to qualify a noun or a pronoun, A_©vr hLb
†Kvb word, noun ev pronoun Gi †`vl, ¸Y, Ae¯’v, msL¨v, cwigvY BZ¨vw` wb‡`©k K‡i ZLb Zv‡K Adjective e‡j| myZivs Adjective g~jZ
noun Ges pronoun Gi mv‡_ RwoZ| Adjective ‡K qualifying/ modifying word e‡j|
Adverb (fve we‡klY): ‡h kã/ kãmgwó noun, pronoun ev‡` Ab¨ mKj wKQz‡K modify K‡i Zv‡K adverb e‡j| Adverb word wU
noun, pronoun Qvov Ab¨me Parts of speech GgbwK Adverb wb‡RB wb‡R‡K Avevi cy‡iv Sentence †KI modify Ki‡Z cv‡i| J. C.
Nesfield Gi g‡Z- An Adverb qualifies anything except a noun or a pronoun.   ev‡K¨i main verb †K how (Kxfv‡e),
where (‡Kv_vq), when (KLb), why (‡Kb) Øviv cÖkœ K‡i †h DËi cvIqv hvq ZvB adverb.
01. An adverb does not modify-
A. nouns B. adjectives C. verbs D. adverbs Ans:A
02. An adjective modifies- [Rvtwet (e¨vemvq wkÿv) 14-15]
A. Noun B. Adverb C. Verb D. Preposition Ans:A
03. The function of an adjective is to modify- [Kztwet (B 08-09]
A. noun B. pronoun C. noun phrase D. noun or anything equivalent to a noun Ans:D
04. An adjective qualifies a- [wewUAviwm wmwbqi Awdmvi-00]
A. verb B. adverb C. pronoun D. none of these Ans:C

Adjective & Adverb Basic

Adjective Adverb
‡Pbvi Dcvq: ‡Pbvi Dcvq:

Noun /Noun Phrase ev Pronoun-‡K Modify K‡i Adjective, Verb, Adverb, Prepositional phrase Z_v cy‡iv
Sentence -‡K Modify K‡i|
-He is a good boy. - She is highly brilliant.
- She drives slowly.
- She drives incredibly slowly.
- She went completely out of mental order.
- Obviously, I can't know everything.
Practices
05. The mother sat vigilantly beside the sick baby. Here “vigilantly” is- [37th BCS]
A. a noun B. an adverb C. an adjective D. none of the three Ans:B
06. The word “Notoriously”(RNb¨fv‡e) is used as- [Xvtwet (D) 06-07]
A. an adverb B. a noun C. an adjective D. a gerund Ans:A
07. He actually wanted to have motherly affection from her. [etwet (A) 12-13, Rvtwet (A) 16-17]
A. noun B. adjective C. adverb D. none of these Ans:B
08. After the funeral, the residents of the apartment building ___________________. [CLIFFS TOEFL, p-324]
A. sent faithfully flowers all weeks to the cemetery
B. sent to the cemetery each week flowers faithfully
C. sent flowers faithfully to the cemetery each week
D. sent each week faithfully to the cemetery flowers Ans:C
09. Choose the correct sentence. [AMÖYx e¨vsK wj. wmwbqi Awdmvi-17]
A. He acted in a cowardly manner. B. He acted coward manner.
C. He acted in cowardly. D. He acted in coward manner. Ans:A

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10. Which is not used as an adverb? [WvK, †Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM I Z_¨cÖhyw³ gš¿Yvjq (mnKvix †cÖvMÖvgvi)-17]
A. Friendly B. Traditionally C. Similarly D. Obviously Ans:A
11. What is the adjective form of the word ‘home’? [ivtwet (A) 14-15, ‡gwW‡Kj K‡jR fwZ© cixÿv 18-19]
A. home like B. homely C. homeful D. homage Ans:B
12. Identify the correct sentence. (‡m Avgvi mv‡_ eÜzi g‡Zv/e ÜzË¡c~Yf © v‡e e¨envi K‡i) [ivtwet (D) 10-11]
A. She behaved with me friendly. B. She behaved with me in a friendly way.
C. She behaved with me in friendly way. D. She behaved with me friendly way. Ans:B
13. Our Previous supervisor had better ______ skills.
A. organizational B. organization C. organize D. organizer Ans:A
14. Ranchers Joined with state and federal governments in a ————control Program.
A. cooperation B. co-operational C. cooperate D. co-operative Ans:D
15. In the theocracy, that evolved in the Tibet, religious and ____ power centered in person.
A. administration B. administrative C. administrator D. administratie Ans:B

Detailed Notes:
Identification of Adjective:
mvaviYZ Word এর শেষে -tive, sive, ous, ful, ish, less, able, ible, some, like, ic, ant, ent, ing, al, ary, ed BZ¨vw` suffix ¸‡jv
_vK‡j word wU Adjective nq|
†hgb: Beautiful (my›`i), hopeful (Avkvev`x), Platonic (wkÿvwelqK), organic (‡`n hš¿ msµvšÍ), Creative (m„wókxj), Comprehensive
(c~Yv© ½), Prolific (Drcv`bkxj), alive (RxešÍ, cÖvYešÍ), plutonic (Av‡MœqwMwi msµvšÍ), Historical (HwZnvwmK), Compliant (GKgZ),
Propitious (ïf jÿYhy³), Miserable (AZ¨šÍ `ytLx), ‘timid’ (fxiæ/ jvRyK/ gyL‡Pviv), magnificent (¸iæZ¡c~Y©), Exciting (D‡ËRbvKi),
savoury (gmjv`vi ev my¯^v`y), Live/ Living (RxešÍ) BZ¨vw`| GQvovI noun+ ly, noun+ al, noun+ y BZ¨vw` _vK‡j Giv adjective.
†hgb: fatherly, miserly, kingly, lonely BZ¨vw`|
ly hy³ Adjective:
Noun Gi mv‡_ ly †hvM Ki‡j Zv Adjective nq, Z‡e Adjective Gi mv‡_ ly †hvM Ki‡j Zv Adverb nq| ms‡ÿ‡c- Noun+ ly =
Adjective, †hgb: brother + ly = Brotherly (Adjective) Avi Adjective + ly = Adverb, †hgb: beautiful + ly = beautifully.
Noun Adjective Noun Adjective Noun Adjective
Father Fatherly (wcZ…myjf) Man Manly (cyiælvwj) Mother Motherly (gvZ…myjf)
Month Monthly (gvwmK) King Kingly (ivRKxq) Year Yearly (evrmwiK)
God Godly (ag©wek¦vmx) Brother Brotherly (åvZ…myjf) Friend Friendly (eÜzmyjf)
Home Homely (mv`vwmav) Coward Cowardly (fxiæ) Week Weekly (mvßvwnK)
World Worldly (cvw_©e) Time Timely (mg‡qvwPZ) Scholar Scholarly (we`¨vbyivMx)
ly hy³ Adverb:
mvaviY Adjective k‡ãi mv‡_ ly hy³ K‡i adverb MVb Kiv nq| ZvB jÿ ivL‡Z n‡e ly hy³ nIqvi Av‡M kãwU ‡Kej Adjective n‡jB
†mwU Adverb.
Adjective Adverb Adjective Adverb Adjective Adverb Adjective Adverb
Notorious Notoriously Perfect Perfectly Random Randomly Short Shortly
Slow Slowly Hearty Heartily Delightful Delightfully Wise Wisely
Vigilant Vigilantly Obedient Obediently Economical Economically Quick Quickly
ly hy³ Adjective Kxfv‡e Adverb nq?
†hgb: in a friendly way, in a motherly way/manner etc.
myZivs g‡b ivL‡eb ïay Friend-Noun, Friendly-Adj., in a friendly way- Adv.
Noun Adjective Adverb Noun Adjective Adverb
Father Fatherly in a fatherly way Home Homely in a homely manner
Month Monthly in a monthly way Time Timely in a timely manner
Coward Cowardly in a Cowardly way

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Manner Place Time (MPT)
01. Adverb of Manner: ev‡K¨i main verb †K ‘how’ Øviv cÖkœ K‡i †h DËi cvIqv hvq ZvB Adverb of manner. g~jZ (adj.+ ly)
hy³ adv. ¸‡jvB Adv. of manner. †hgb: badly, sadly, bravely (mvnwmKfv‡e), slowly, softly, well, locally etc. Example:
Joynal reads clearly. (How read).

02. Adverb of Place: ev‡K¨i Main verb †K ‘where’ Øviv cÖkœ K‡i †h DËi cvIqv hvq ZvB Adverb of place.
†hgb: Here, there (GLv‡b), hither (GLv‡b), thither (‡mLv‡b), near, in, out, up, above, below, inside, outside,
home, GQvovI mKj place Gi bvg mg~n, †hgb: Dhaka, Rajshahi BZ¨vw`| ‡hgb: He lived in home. (where did
he live?)
we‡kl mZK©Zv : evK¨ Qvov mvaviYfv‡e cÖkœ Ki‡j Dhaka, Rajshahi BZ¨vw` ¯’v‡bi bvg ¸‡jv Noun.
03. Adverb of Time: ev‡K¨i Main verb †K ‘when/ how long’ Øviv cÖ‡kœi Ans. wU Adverb of time. †hgb: Yesterday, now,
today, already, someday, Sometimes (gv‡S gv‡S), sometime (‡Kvb GK mgq), tomorrow, long, before, after, ago, late, daily,
Just now BZ¨vw`| Example: Binoy will come late (when will come) DËi n‡jv late/ ‡`wi‡Z hv Adverb of time.
Adverb of Manner, Place, Time-Giv Object-Gi ci A_ev Sentence-Gi †k‡l e‡m| Z‡e, Giv GKB Sentence-G em‡j-
Manner Place Time GB µg (serial) Abyhvqx em‡e| †hgb-
Incorrect: I looked at a lady driver recently on the way to New Market motionlessly.
Correct: I looked at a lady driver motionlessly on the way to New Market recently.
A chaos was likely to happen in the concert, so the head of volunteers took the----to appease the demonstrators.
A. in the stage microphone abruptly just at 11.30 pm B. abruptly microphone in the stage just at 11.30 pm
C. microphone in the stage abruptly just at 11.30 pm D. microphone abruptly in the stage just at 11.30 pm
E. abruptly microphone in the just stage at 11.30 pm Correct Answer: D
KviYt GLv‡b,
abruptly → Adverb of Manner in the stage → Adverb of Place
just at 11.30 pm → Adverb of Time myZivs Giv MPT Serial Abyhvqx em‡e|
English Foundation

16. He was −−−−−− to agree to the proposal.

A. foolish B. foolishly C. foolishness D. fool
17. The underlined words in the line "The lone and level sands stretch far away" are-
A. nouns B. adjectives C. adverbs D. verbs
18. Choose the correct word : The president said that the —situation was very serious.
A. economical B. economic C. economy D. economics
19. Noise pollution cannot be ——— ———.
A. easy, avoid B. easily, avoided C. easily, avoid D. easier, avoided
20. It is –––––––– known ––––––– the Toy Train.
A. popularly, as B. popularly, by C. popular, at D. often, from
21. He hopes to provide –––––––– service.
A. uninterrupted B. uninterrupt C. uninterrupting D. un-interrupted
22. Choose the correct sentence:
A. Shuvo works sincerely in his office everyday. B. Shuvo works in his office everyday sincerely.
C. Shuvo works in his office sincerely everyday. D. Shuvo works in his sincerely office everyday.
23. Choose the correct sentence:
A. Ratul walks every morning in the park regularly. B. Ratul walks regularly every morning in the park.
C. Ratul walks regularly in the park every morning. D. Ratul walks in the park every morning regularly.
24. There were –––––––– reactions after the bill was passed.
A. a mix B. mix C. mixed D. missed
25. Choose the correct option. Although he felt very –––––––– he smiled –––––––– .
A. angrily, friendly B. angry, friendly C. angrily, in a friendly D. angry, in a friendly way
Dc‡iv³ cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi K¬v‡m ‡`Iqv n‡e|

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Linking Verb

Linking verbs > be verb, become, appear, remain, go, seem, taste, look feel, resemble, sound, stay, smell, turn, run,
keep, grow, come, get, lie

Adjective Adverb
Sub + linking verb > Adjective Sub + linking verb + obj/ preposition> Adverb
He looks happy/ happily. He looks after careful/ carefully.
Sub + linking verb + Adverb + Adj.
He is really handsome.
Be Verb, become Ges remain Giv Adjective Qvov Noun Phrase-†K I MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
i) They remained sad even though I tried to cheer them up. (Adjective)
ii) Doud remained chairman of the board despite the opposition. (Noun)

Practices
26. Depression is often hereditary. The underlined word is a/an- [35th BCS]
A. adverb B. noun C. adjective D. verb Ans:C
27. Choose the correct sentence.
A. He looked angry but did not speak angrily. B. He looked angrily but did not speak angrily.
C. He looked angry but did not speak angry. D. He looked angrily but he did not speak angrily. Ans:A
28. The colleagues remained happy with the corrupt boss even though I requested them to show him. Here the
word ‘happy’ is - [et†ktgytitwetcÖtwet (wR) †mU-wm, 19-20]
A. a noun B. an adjective C. an adverb D. a conjunction Ans:B
29. We felt very tired. The word ‘tired’ used in the sentence is -
A. adjective B. noun C. verb D. none Ans:A
30. The time for sleep is past.’ The word ‘past’ in the above sentence is -
A. a noun B. an adverb C. a preposition D. an adjective Ans:D
31. The roses in our garden smell really _________ this year. [Xvtwet 96-97]
A. sweet B. sweetly C. fragrantly D. pleasant Ans:A
32. The flower smells _____. [wewfbœ gš¿./wefvM/ Awa`߇ii cÖkvmwbK Kg©KZ©v (gyw³‡hv×) 2018]
A. sweet B. sweetly C. fragrantly D. pleasant Ans:A
33. Cycling is certainly healthier than driving. [mvaviY exgv K‡c©v‡ikb A¨vwmm‡›U g¨v‡bRvi-16]
A. adjective B. adverb C. interjection D. preposition Ans:B
34. The candidate did _______ and felt _______. [Ptwet D- (weKvj) 18-19]
A. bad, badly B. so bad, badly C. badly, bad D. worse, worst Ans:C
35. The young man seems very ______. (hyeK †jvKwU‡K Lye ms‡e`bkxj g‡b nq) [Ptwet (D 06-07]
A. sensible B. sensibly C. sensiblely D. sensitively Ans:A

Nouns that Function as Adjectives

GKvwaK noun cvkvcvwk em‡j †kl kãwU noun nq Ges c~‡e©i¸‡jv adjective Gi KvR K‡i|
‡h‡nZz, c~‡e©i noun ¸‡jv adjective n‡q hvq, ZvB G‡`i 's' ev 'es' †hvM Kiv hvq bv|
‡hgb t 1. She is a village (adjective) girl (noun)
2. I am a university (adjective) student (noun)

Hyphenated Adjectives
G‡Ki AwaK Adjective hw` Hyphen (-) Øviv hy³ nq Zv‡K hyphenated adjective e‡j| Giƒc adjective Gi mv‡_ KLbI s/es/’s e‡m
bv
KviY Adjective Gi Plural nq bv|
‡hgb: This book contains ten pages. wKš‘,
This ten-page (adjective) book (adjective) is very interesting. (not, ten-pages)
They have a four-month-old baby.
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36. The evolution of vertebrates suggests development from a very simple heart in fish to a _______ in man.
A. four-chamber heart B. four-chambers heart
C. four-chamber hearts D. four-chamber’s heart
37. Complete the following sentence: I took part in a__________________.
A. three-hours examinations B. three hours examination
C. thrice hours examination D. three-hour examination
38. Raisha Is a school girl. Here the word 'school' has been used as a/an-
A. Noun B. Adverb C. Adjective D. Conjunction
39. He is a computer Operator. Here the word 'computer' has been used as a/an-
A. Noun B. Adverb C. Adjective D. Conjunction
40. ––––––– are applied in bottled water plant so that the water sold is free of bacteria –
A. five-stage treatment B. fives-stages treatment
C. fives-stage treatment D. five-stage treatments
41. Southern part of our country is historically important; seeing such an twelve-century-old temple, the
tourist was astonished.
A. such an twelve-century-old temple B. such a twelve-centurys-old temple
C. such a twelve-centurys-old temples D. such a twelve-century-old temple
E. such a twelve-century-olds temple
42. We were amazed of learning a one hundred page story book with twenty minutes.
A. a one-hundreds-page-story-book with B. a one-hundred-page-story-book with
C. a one-hundred-pages-story-book with D. a one-hundred-page-storys-book with
E. a one-hundred-page-story-books with
43. Many significant revolutions of our country were headed by Dhaka University.
The underlined word is a/an--
A. noun B. adjective C. adverb D. pronoun
Dc‡iv³ cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi K¬v‡m ‡`Iqv n‡e|

English Foundation

Usage of So, Such, Too

Previous Years’ Questions

44. The tiny print on the poster is___small to be read easily. [B Unit DU 2004-05]
A. so B. much C. very D. too
45. The old man was ____ weak to get out of bed. [¯^v¯’¨ gš¿Yvi‡qi mnKvix cÖ‡KŠkjx (wmwfj)-17]
A. most B. so C. very D. too
46. Which of the following is a correct sentence? [15th BCS]
A. He was too clever not to miss the point B. He was too clever to miss the point
C. He was so cleaver to miss the point D. He was too clever to grasp the point
47. Oil paints are____ they have become the most popular painter's colors.
A. so versatile and durable that B. so versatile and durable than
C. such versatile and durable as D. such versatile and durable
48. This plant is___big that it should really be moved outside.
A. so B. too C. such D. very
49. Water is____ that it generally contains dissolved materials in greater or lesser amounts.
A. such an excellent solvent B. such excellent a solvent
C. such a excellent solvents D. a such excellent solvent

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50. The grip of the Venus-flytrap is ————— tight that an insect cannot escape from the leaf.
A. too be B. so C. very D. too
51. Do not worry, English grammar is not___ to understand. [13th BCS]
A. so difficult B. very difficult C. too difficult D. difficult tough
52. Correct English translation of - Ò‡m GZ `ye©j †h nuvU‡Z cv‡i bv|Ó [C Unit DU 1995-96]
A. He is very weak and so he cannot walk. B. He cannot walk because he is very weak.
C. He is so weak that he cannot walk. D. He is too weak to walk.
53. He is ______ weak to walk. [JnU (D) 09-10, HSTU (C) 14-15]
A. very B. quiet C. quite D. too
Dc‡iv³ cÖk¸
œ ‡jvi DËi K¬v‡m ‡`Iqv n‡e|
Usage of Enough
Enough kãwU Noun Gi c~‡e© e‡m| A_©vr Enough + Noun.
‡hgb-I have enough books. He has enough money. The food was enough taste.
wKš‘ Enough kãwU adjective Ges adverb-Gi c‡i e‡m| A_©vr adverb/ adjective + Enough
‡hgb- She is good enough. It is early enough. The food was tasty enough.
Previous Years’ Questions
54. Computers that once took up entire rooms are now ___to put on desktops and into wristwatches. [DUnit DU
09-10]
A. small enough B. smaller than C. as small as D. so small
55. When your body does not get__, it cannot make the glucose it needs. [C Unit DU 2004-05]
A. food as enough B. food enoughly C. enough the food D. enough food
56. The definitions for 'gram calories' or 'calories' are____ for most engineering work.
A. accurate as enough B. enough accurate C. accurate enough D. as accurate enough
57. Which of the following is incorrect. [NU (Arts) 13-14]
A. We haven’t go enough milk. B. I did not study enough hard.
C. Is your coffee hot enough? D. She did not have enough interest.
58. He didn’t get the job because he wasn’t ____________. [JKKNIU (D) 15-16, (C) 16-17]
A. enough experienced B. experienced enough
C. experience enough D. experience although
Dc‡iv³ cÖk¸œ ‡jvi DËi K¬v‡m ‡`Iqv n‡e|
wewfbœ tense G e¨eüZ Tense Marker/ Adverb of time, ‡hgb: always, often, usually, quite, seldom, hardly, rarely, never,
still, sometimes, ago, last night, recently, not, once, twice, BZ¨vw` adverb ¸‡jv main verb Gi Av‡M e‡m A_ev Auxi. verb
Ges Main verb Gi gv‡S e‡m|
MVb: Subject + adverb + main verb + ext. ‡hgb: Shihab always runs quite fast.
MVb: Sub + aux. verb + adverb + main verb+ ext. ‡hgb: He has already finished his homework.
MVb: Subject + be verb + adverb + ext. ‡hgb: I am always busy.
MVb: adv of time + Subject+ verb + (obj.) -----+ adv of time.
Previous Years’ Questions
59. Which position of “always” is correct?
A. Always the old man enjoys watching television at weekends.
B. The old man enjoys watching always television at weekends.
C. The old man enjoys always watching television at weekends.
D. The old man always enjoys watching television at weekends. Ans:D
60. He __________________________________.
A. catches always the train at 7.30 a.m. B. catch always the train at 7.30 a.m.
C. always catches the train at 7.30 a.m. D. always catch the train at 7.30 a.m. Ans:C
61. Shihab always runs quite fast. Here “always” is a/an-
A. preposition B. adjective C. adverb D. verb Ans:C
62. Choose the correct sentence.
A. We had always to wear a uniform at school.
B. We always had to wear an uniform at school.
C. We always had to wear a uniform at school.
D. We had always wear uniform to school. Ans:C

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63. He is little known. (‡m †Zgb cwiwPZ bq) Here ‘little’ is -
A. pronoun B. verb C. adjective D. adverb Ans:D
64. Akbar still works in that office. Here “still” is-
A. pronoun B. verb C. adjective D. adverb Ans:D
65. He doesn’t like Beethoven and neither do I. In this sentence ‘neither’ is-
A. preposition B. adverb C. adjective D. noun Ans:B
66. Hardly do I go to the new market. The underlined word is -
A. a noun B. an adverb C. a preposition D. an adjective Ans:B
67. Desdemona wants to go shopping tomorrow. Here ÔtomorrowÕ is a/an-
A. pronoun B. verb C. adjective D. adverb Ans:D
68. The accident took place long ago. Here ‘ago’ is a/an-
A. pronoun B. verb C. adjective D. adverb Ans:D

Difference between Adjective and Adverb

wKQz kã e¨enviMZ Kvi‡Y KLbI adjective nq Avevi KLbI adverb nq| hLb noun ev pronoun †K modify K‡i ZLb GwU adjective
Ab¨w`‡K verb †K modify Ki‡j ZLb adverb.
Adjective Adverb
He is a fast writer. He writes fast.
This is a hard sum. He works hard.
He is a late comer. He comes late.
She will come in the near future. The exams are drawing near.
He spoke in a loud voice. Don’t talk so loud.
She lives in the next house. I will speak to him when I next see him.
He went to the back entrance. Go back.
There was much truth what he shared. My parents are much better.
She is no better than a fool. She knows me better than anyone else.
Every little difficulty ruffles his temper. He is little known outside Bangladesh.
She is an early riser. She cooks early.
She is the best girl in the class. He behaves best.
The teacher has a high opinion of that boy. Always aim high.
We have enough food. The food is well enough.
He is quick to take offence. Run quick.
He is the only child of his old parents. You can only imagine.
He is the very person whom I want. He is a very good person.

Sometimes/ sometime/ some time/ Some times

Sometimes – gv‡S gv‡S| †hgb:
Sometimes I talk to my old friends.
Sometime- f~Zc~e©, fwel¨‡Zi †Kvb GK mgq| †hgb:
My uncle is the sometime principle of a school.
You all are sometime students of Dhaka University.
Some time – wKQz mgq| †hgb:
I gave her some time.
Some times- GwU fzj|

Previous Years’ Questions

69. I spent ___ with my parents.
A. sometimes B. sometime C. some time D. some times Ans: C
70. ________ on clear days one can see the snow cap of Mount Rainier from Seattle.
A. Sometime B. Some time C. Sometimes D. Somestime Ans: C
71. ____on clear days one can see the snowcap of Mount Rainier from Seattle.
A. Sometime B. Some C. Sometimes D. Somestime Ans: C

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Other/ Another/ Others/ The others
An + other = another
Another kãwU singular noun †K refer K‡i Avi Gi ci noun _vK‡j Zv Aek¨B singular nq| Another Øviv A‡b‡Ki g‡a¨ †h †Kvb
GKwU e¯‘ ev GKRb gvbyl‡K Awbw`©ó K‡i eySvq| †hgb:
I don’t want this book. Please give me another. A_©vr Avwg GB eBwU PvB bv| `qv K‡i Avgv‡K Ab¨ GKwU `vI| GLv‡b Another Øviv
Awbw`©ó GKwU eB‡K eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Dc‡ii K_vwU‡K Gfv‡eI ejv hvq, I don’t want this book. Please give me another one.

The other
Other kãwUI singular noun †K refer K‡i Avi Gi ci noun _vK‡j Zvi Aek¨B singular nq| Z‡e Other Øviv wbw`©ó K‡i evwK
GKwU e¯‘ ev GKRb gvbyl‡K eySvq| †hgb:
I don’t want this book. Please give me the other. A_©vr Avwg GB eBwU PvB bv| `qv K‡i Avgv‡K Ab¨ eBwU `vI| GLv‡b Other Øviv
Awbw`©ó GKwU eB‡K eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Dc‡ii K_vwU‡K Gfv‡eI ejv hvq, I don’t want this book. Please give me the other one.

Others
Others kãwU plural noun †K refer K‡i Avi Gi ci Aek¨B †Kvb Noun _vK‡e bv| Others Øviv A‡b‡Ki g‡a¨ K‡qKwU e¯‘ ev gvbyl‡K
Awbw`©ó K‡i eySvq| †hgb: This chemical is poisonous. Others are poisonous too. A_©vr GB †KwgK¨vjwU welv³| Ab¨¸‡jvI welv³|
GLv‡b ‘Others’ Øviv Awbw`©ó K‡i Ab¨ wKQz †KwgK¨vj †K eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Dc‡ii K_vwU‡K Gfv‡eI ejv hvq, This chemical is poisonous.
Other ones are poisonous too.

The others
The others kãwU plural noun †K refer K‡i Avi Gi ci Aek¨B †Kvb Noun _vK‡e bv| The Others Øviv ÔevwK A‡bK¸‡jv Ges meÕ
e¯‘ ev gvbyl‡K eySvq| †hgb: I don’t want these books. Please give me the others. A_©vr Avgvi GB eB¸‡jv PvBbv| `qv K‡i evwK¸‡jv
Avgv‡K `vI| GLv‡b The Others Øviv evwK me¸‡jv eB‡K-B eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Dc‡ii K_vwU‡K Gfv‡eI ejv hvq, I don’t want these books.
Please give me the other ones.

Short- CutSh

ort-Cut
GK bR‡i: I have two friends. One is teacher and the other is driver.
I have three friends. One is teacher, another is driver and the other is doctor.
I have three friends. One is teacher and the others are drivers.
This book is excellent. Others are not.
I have a lot of friends. Some friends are teachers, other friends are drivers and the other friends are doctors.
I have a lot of friends. Some are teachers, others are drivers and the others/ the rest are doctors.

GKwU ev‡K¨ GKvwaK adjective GKmv‡_ em‡j wb‡Pi Order wU em‡e|

Order wU n‡jv: Quality/ Opinion-Size-Age-Shape-Color-Origin-Material-Purpose
It’s a great big old round red Korean plastic coffee mug.
GB ev‡K¨i Noun n‡jv Mug Avi GB Noun wU‡K Modify K‡i‡Q 8wU Adjective.
great = Quality/ Opinion,
big= Size,
old = Age,
round= Shape,
red= Color,
Korean= Origin,
plastic= Material
Coffee = Purpose
wPšÍvi †Kvb KviY †bB †h‡nZz GKwU Noun Gi Rb¨ GZ¸‡jv Adjective Gi e¨envi w`‡q cixÿvq ev Avgv‡`i Rxe‡b †Zgb e¨envi Ki‡Z nq bv|
Z‡e GB avivwU Rvbv _vK‡j GKwU Noun †K 3/4wU Adjective Modify Ki‡j mwVKfv‡e e¨envi Kiv hv‡e|

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Basic & Short-Cut

Inversion A_© D‡ëv ev wecixZ| mvaviYZ auxiliary verb-Subject Gi c~‡e© P‡j Avm‡j interrogative sentence nq wKš‘ Inversion
Gi wbq‡g Auxiliary verb subject Gi c~‡e© em‡jI interrogative nq bv|
Assertive Sentence Gi ¯^vfvweK MVb n‡jv Sub. + Verb + Obj. wKš‘ Sentence G wKQz wKQz word Gi Dcw¯’wZ GB MVbwU‡K Dwë‡q
(Inverse) ‡`q A_©vr Verb + Sub. + Obj. n‡q hvq| GB we‡kl ai‡bi NUbvB n‡jv Inversion.
ev‡K¨i Dci A_ev Verb Dci †Rvi cÖ`vb Ki‡Z Sentence Gi ïiæ‡ZB Adverb, Zvici Verb Ges me‡k‡l Subject Av‡m|
‡Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î Inversion nq?
Negative Adverb - Negative Adverb ‡Kvb Sentence Gi ïiæ‡Z em‡j Aux. Verb †K Subject Gi c~‡e© wjL‡Z n‡e| Aux.
Verb bv _vK‡j do/ did/ does em‡e| Negative Adverb ¸‡jv n‡”Qt
Hardly Rarely Scarcely Not until
Seldom Nowhere Never At no time
Not once Not only No sooner By no means
Examples:
 Scarcely had they left before the soldier arrived.
 No sooner had I stalled mowing (Nvm KvUv) the lawn than it started raining.
 Seldom do we get the chance.
 Rarely do I have time to read.
Only + Clause Marker: Complex Sentence G Only if, Only when, Only because, Only after, Only until cÖf…wZ
A_©vr Only + Clause Marker ‡Kvb Sentence Gi ïiæ‡Z em‡j H Sentence Gi Second Clause A_©vr Main Clause - G
Inversion n‡e| Example: Only after entering the room did he see me.
Only + Preposition ev Adverb: Only Gi mv‡_ wewfbœ Preposition ev Adverb hy³ n‡q †Kvb Sentence Gi ïiæ‡Z em‡j H-
Sentence Gi Inversion nq|
Only + Prep. Only in Only at Only on Only by
Only + Adv. Only recently Only once Only rarely Only scarcely
Example: Only recently did she return from abroad.
Adverb of Place/Adverb of order: Adverb of Place/Adverb of order Sentence Gi ïiæ‡Z em‡j H Sentence wU‡Z Aux.
Verb wU GgbwK Principal Verb wU (hw` Aux. Verb bv _v‡K) Subject Gi c~‡e© P‡j Avm‡e|
Example: In front of the museum is a statue.
So + Adjective ev So+ Participle: So + Adjective ev So + Participle Sentence Gi ïiæ‡Z em‡j H Sentence wU‡Z
Inversion n‡e| Example: So quickly did he run that he reached home on time.
Practices
01. Not until the Triassic Period________________. (DU D Unit, 2003-04)
A. the first primitive mammals did develop B. did the first primitive mammals develop
C. did develop the first primitive mammals D. the first primitive mammals develop
02. _______________did Kamal realize that there was danger. [B Unit 2015-2016]
A. Upon entering the bank B. When he entered the bank
C. Only after entering the bank D. After he had entered the bank
03. _____________will Mr. Millon be able to regain control over the company. [ivKve (Kg©KZ©v 2q †kÖYx)-15]
A. with had only work B. inspite of his hard work
C. Only if he works hardly D. Only with hard work
04. Scarcely _____ there when it began to rain.
A. I did reach B. reach did I C. did I reach D. did reach
05. Only recently_________________from Sylhet.
A. she did return B. did she return C. return she did D. did
06. Never again _____________in the hotel.
A. they will stay B. will they stay C. will stay they D. will they stayed

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07. Only after entering the room ___________ me.
A. he saw me B. saw he me C. he did see me D. did he see
08. Not until a student has mastered algebra ––––– the principles of geometry, trigonometry and physics.
A. he can begin to understand B. can he begin to understand
C. he begins to understand D. begins to understand
09. Never _________ do it again. [KU 08-09]
A. I will B. will I C. I’ll D. I would
10. Rarely ___anyone using typewriters now-a-days. [RU (Law) 11-12]
A. you see B. will you see C. you will see D. you have seen
11. Hardly _________ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his wallet. [CU (D) 12-13]
A. he had B. he was C. had he D. did he
12. Never ____ such a heinous crime. [†cv÷vj Acv‡iUi-16]
A. he has committed B. has he done C. has he do D. has he committed
13. ______ stay in that hotel. [†ijI‡q mnKvix Kgv‡Û›U-07]
A. Never again will they B. Never again they will
C. Again never they will D. Again they will never
14. ________ received law degrees as today. [RU (Law) 05-06, †mvbvjx e¨vsK wj. wmwbqi Awdmvi-10, BU (D) 12-13, CU (AvBb) 06-07, (C2-6)
14-15]
A. Never so many women have B. Never have so many women
C. The women aren’t ever D. Women who have never
15. ___________ so many people been out of work as today. [RU (dvBb¨vÝ) 04-05, DU (D) 10-11]
A. More than ever before B. Never before have
C. In the past, there never have D. Formerly, there never were
16. ___________ received MBA degrees as today. [RU (dvBb¨vÝ) 05-06]
A. Never so many students have B. Never have so many students
C. The students aren’t ever D. Students who have never
17. Rarely ___________ seen far from water. [cwimsL¨vb Kg©KZ©v-17]
A. spotted turtles B. spotted turtles are
C. are spotted turtles D. have spotted turtles
18. Only after doing M.B.A. ___________. [CU (C2) 14-15]
A. Mina qualified for the B.C.S. Exam B. did Mina qualify for the B.C.S. Exam
C. had Mina qualify for the B.C.S. Exam D. didn’t Mina qualify for the B.C.S. Exam
E. has Mina qualify for the B.C.S. Exam
19. Choose the correct sentence. [RU 08-09]
A. Only rarely an accident has occurred. B. Only rarely an accident has occur.
C. Only rarely has an accident occurred. D. Only rarely an accident had occurred.
20. In no way _____________. [CU (D) 18-19]
A. we can justify militancy B. we cannot justify militancy
C. can we justified militancy D. can we justify militancy
21. So quickly ____________ he reached home on time. [JnU (C) 14-15]
A. he ran as B. he ran that C. did he run that D. would he run that
22. _____________ that Nowrin was able to retire early. [CU (C2) 14-15]
A. So profitable her investment B. So profitable her investment was
C. So profitable was her investment D. her investment so profiting
23. So complicated _______ that consumers who use a product are seldom aware of where all its components
come from. [CU (B-1) 10-11]
A. today trade is international B. today international trade is
C. are international trade D. is international trade today
24. Not until a monkey is several years old, ____to exhibit signs of independence from its mother. [RU (Law) 07-08, JU (F-
Law) 15-16]
A. it begins B. does it begin C. and begin D. beginning
25. Complete the sentence: Only after food has been dried or canned ______________. [SUST B 08-09]
A. that it should be stored for later consumption B. should be stored for later consumption
C. should it be stored for later consumption D. it should be stored for later consumption
Dc‡iv³ cÖk¸
œ ‡jvi DËi K¬v‡m ‡`Iqv n‡e|
English Foundation

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Rule- Prepositional phrase Relative Pronoun Together with Along with

01 Accompanied by Accompanied with In addition to Including to
With As well as And not G‡`i Av‡Mi Subject Abyhvqx verb e‡m|
The flowers of the garden is/ are beautiful to look at.
It is I who am/ is your friend.
The mother together with the daughter was walking/ were walking slowly
The mayor along with his two brothers is coming/ are coming here.
Mr. Bobbins, accompanied by his wife and children, is arriving/ are arriving
tonight.
Ruma as well as Jhuma is/ are happy.

Practices
01. The boy with his friends ______ helping the old woman cross the road. [JU-C; 22-23]
A. are B. is C. were D. will Ans: B
02. Choose the correct sentence: [ DU B Unit 2001-02 ]
A. The thickness of the books vary. B. The thickness of the books is very.
C. The thickness of the books varies. D. The thickness of the book very. Ans: C
03. Sweet ___ the uses of adversity. [CU D Unit, 23-24]
A. is B. has C. are D. was Ans: C
04. Which sentence has a subject-verb error? [RU-B: 22-23]
A. The team of players are ready to play. B. She has two cats and a dog.
C. They were singing a song together. D. My favorite color is green. Ans: A
05. The decision of the judge _____ not in his favour. [RU-C:22-23]
A. was B. were C. did D. has Ans: A
06. Ruma as well as Jhuma ––––––––– happy. [DU D Unit 1999-2000]
A. is B. are C. were D. have been Ans: A
07. Choose the correct sentence: [DU A Unit 2012-13]
A. It is you who is to pay. B. It is you who are to leave.
C. It is you who is late. D. It is you who has won the prize. Ans: B
08. Her brother along with her parents insist that she remain in school. [evsjv‡`k nvDR wewìs K‡c©v‡ikb (Awdmvi)-11, KU (L) 14-15,
JKKIU (AL) 18-19]
A. are insisting B. have insisted C. insists D. were insisting Ans: C
09. Rahim and not you _____ won the prize. [RU (A3) 12-13]
A. is B. has C. was D. are Ans: B
10. The father with his three sons _____ left the place. [Dc mnKvix cwiPvjK (kÖg)-01]
A. have B. were C. has D. will Ans: C
11. It is I who ____ to blame. [6ô cÖfvlK wbeÜb-10, ms¯‹…wZ welqK gš¿Yvj‡qi DcmnKvix cÖ‡KŠkjx-19]
A. is B. are C. am D. were Ans: C
12. The scopes in the new subject, including the availability of a celebrated Professor, _____. [BSMRSTU D 15-16]
A. are to be taken into consideration B. is to be taken into consideration
C. has to be taken into consideration D. both A and B Ans: A
13. A basket of apples –––– been sold. [DU B Unit 2006-07]
A. has B. have C. having D. haven't Ans: A

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Dc‡iv³ cÖk¸
œ ‡jvi DËi K¬v‡m ‡`Iqv n‡e|

G‡`i wØZxq Subject Abyhvqx verb e‡m|

Either………...or……
Either John or his friends are going to the beach today.
Rule Neither……....nor……
Neither the boys nor Cramen has seen this moive before.
-02 Not only……..but also….. Z‡e cªkœ‡evaK evK¨ n‡j-
Not……………..but……… Has/ Have either my father or my brothers made a down-payment on the
house?

Practice
14. Neither the other student nor Larry are going to attend the seminar. [RU-B: 21-22]
A. Neither B. nor C. are D. to attend
15. Neither he nor the spectators --- satisfied with the answers. [CU-D: 22-23]
A. is B. was C. had been D. were
16. Choose the correct sentence. [JU (C) 16-17]
A. Neither Sheila nor her parents is going to the place tomorrow.
B. Neither her parents nor Sheila are going to the place tomorrow.
C. Neither Sheila nor her parents are going to the place tomorrow.
D. Sheila and her parents is going to the place tomorrow.
17. Neither Rini nor simi ⎯ qualified for the job. [ 29Zg wewmGm]
A. are B. is C. were D. had
18. Which of following sentence is correct? (DU B Unit 1996-1997)
A. Either the students or the teacher are to blame. B. Either the students or the teacher have to blame.
C. Either the students or the teacher has to blamed. D. Either the students or the teacher is to blame.
19. Neither Jane nor her brothers −−− a consent form for tomorrow's field trip. (DU C Unit 2011-2012)
A. need B. needs C. is needing D. has need E. are needing
Dc‡iv³ cÖk¸
œ ‡jvi DËi K¬v‡m ‡`Iqv n‡e|

Singular verb MªnY K‡i Plural verb MªnY K‡i

Every Many
One of Few
Each of + Plural Subject Several
Either of Others
Neither of Both ……and…….
Rule-03 Many a/ an Countable plural noun
Infinitive , Gerund , Participles A number + Plural Noun
{No, Every, Some, Any }+ body, thing, one (nothing) These
Amount of time, Money, Distance, Calculation, The + Adjective ( The poor= Mix‡eiv)
weight, Length
Uncountable Nouns
The number+ Plural Noun
This/ that

1. Everyone has done (his/ her/ their) homework.

2. Somebody (has/ have) left (their/ her) purse.
3. Anybody (were/ was) capable of doing (his/ her/ their) duty.
4. Each of them (ask, asks) him many questions in (his/ her/ their) turn.
5. Everybody in the class (has, have) done (his/ her/ their) homework well in advance.
6. Neither of my two suitcases (is, are) adequate for this trip.
7. Many a lawyer (takes, take) his/ her seat in the courtroom.

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Practices
20. The number of students present the class today __ very poor. [GST C Unit, 23-24]
A. are B. is C. was D. were
21. ______ of the two girls has submitted the term paper to the instructor yet. [CU-A:22-23]
A. Neither B. None C. Either D. Every
22. Ninety kilos ______ too heavy for me to lift. [CU-D; 22-23]
A. is B. are C. were D. seem
23. Ninety miles ______ a long distance. [GST-A; 22-23]
A. are B. were C. quite D. is
24. Reading books______ an impressive habit. [RU C Unit, (None Science) 20-21]
A. are B. is C. have D. were
25. Many a boy ______ present in the meeting. Choose the appropriate option to complete the sentence. [RU A Unit,
(Group-2) 20-21]
A. was B. were C. are D. have been
26. Many a student _____ his/ her time in idleness. [NU (gvbweK) 13-14]
A. waste B. wastes C. wasting D. are wasting
27. Many a _____ tried to complete the work. [†ijI‡q mnKvix Kgv‡Û›U-07, BSMRSTU (E) 15-16, NSTU (C) 15-16]
A. men has B. men have C. man have D. man has
28. Each member of the large family ⎯⎯ his own set of priorities. (DU D Unit 2015-16)
A. has B. is C. have D. are
29. How many engineering —— —— there in Bangladesh? (DU B Unit 2010-11)
A. university, is B. universities, are C. university, is D. university, are
30. These grapes ⎯ sour. (DU B Unit 2006-2007)
A. tasting B. are tasting C. tastes D. taste
31. Each of the students who filled out the admission form –––– the test. (DU D Unit 2014-15)
A. have appeared at B. has appeared at C. are appearing at D. is appearing
32. Fifty thousand dollars ––––––– a big amount of money. (DU D Unit 1998-1999)
A. is B. are C. count D. reckon
33. The news –––––– always bad now-a-days. (DU D Unit 2000-2001)
A. is B. was C. are D. were.
34. Ten thousand dollars ⎯⎯ a lot of money. (DU C Unit 2014-2015)
A. are B. is C. were D. aren't E. it's
35. Both of the mice ⎯ underfed. [RU; 2009-10]
A. is B. are C. was D. will
36. Choose the correct sentence:
A. Neither of these two women are to be trusted B. Neither of these two women is to be trusted
C. Neither of these two woman are to be trusted D. Neither of these two woman is to be trusted
E. Neither of these two woman has to be trusted
37. Choose the correct sentence: (DU D Unit 2010-2011)
A. Neither of those mattresses feel comfortable B. Neither of those mattresses are feeling comfortable
C. Neither of those mattresses feels comfortable D. Neither of those mattresses have felt comfortable
38. ⎯⎯ pair of socks ⎯⎯⎯ too small for me. (DU B Unit 2014-15)
A. This, is B. These, are C. These, is D. This, are
39. Choose the correct sentence:
A. The two parties have different views to democracy. B. The two parties has different view of democracy.
C. The two parties have different views of democracy. D. The two parties differing on democracy.
41. Choose the correct sentence: [ciivóª gš¿Yvj‡qi cÖkvmwbK Kg©KZ©v wb‡qvM cix¶v 2004 ]
A. Everybody have gone there B. Everybody are gone there
C. Everybody has gone there D. Everybody has went there
42. Choose the correct sentence. [Lv`¨ I `y‡h©vM e¨e¯’vcbv gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b cÖKí ev¯@evqb Kg©KZ©v wb‡qvM cix¶v 2004]
A. Everything has been done to help him B. Everything have been done to help him
C. Everything are done to help him D. Everything was did to help him
43. Correct one is − [WvK I †Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM gš¿Yvj‡qi wnmvei¶Y Kg©KZ©v wb‡qvM cix¶v 2003]
A. Ten miles are a long distance B. Ten miles are more long distance
C. Ten miles make a long distance D. Ten miles is a long distance
Dc‡iv³ cÖk¸
œ ‡jvi DËi K¬v‡m ‡`Iqv n‡e|
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No, None*, Percentage (kZKiv) , Fraction (fMœvsk), Here*, There*, Some, More, Most, Rest, All,
Rule-04 of G‡`i c‡ii Abytable.
hvqx Verb e‡m|
No man is/ are Majority
immortal.of, Minority of, A lot of/ lots of, Aofgreat
Some deal(was,
the cake were) leftNoun
on the
No students is/ are present here today. Some of the boxes (was, were) opened and thrown in the trash.
None of them claim/ claims responsibility for this Two-thirds of the work has been/ have been finished.
incident.
None of the students have/ has done his/ her/ their
homework.
One-third of the students is/ are present in the
class.

Exception:None + Plural Verb (if it indicates plural noun or pronoun).

None are helpless because they can always try.
No one of/ Any of + plural noun/ pronoun + singular verb.
No one of his friends has taken breakfast.
Has any of the witnesses been sworn in yet?

Exception: Here/ There + Singular Verb + a/ an + (equal/ large/ increasing/ growing/ record number of ) + plural noun
There is a large number of boys in his class. (Wren & Martin)
There is an equal number of boys and girls in the class. (OALD)
Z‡e Minority, Majority hw` subject wn‡m‡e e‡m, Zvn‡j verb singular n‡e |
1. Majority (believe/ believes) that smoking is deleterious to health.
2. Minority (has/ have) supported the candidate.
Practice
44. Two- thirds of the people ___ present in the congregation. [GST B Unit, 23-24]
A. is B. was C. were D. being
45. It was ten to twelve. Most of the shops __ just closed. [GST B Unit, 23-24]
A. are B. have C. was D. had
46. Two-thirds of the work______________. [GST C Unit, 23-24]
A. have been done B. has been done C. have done D. are done
47. Three-fourths of the earth's surface ______________. [DU-C: 22-23]
A. are covered by water B. is covered by water C. covers the water D. Covering by water
48. None should be addicted to ______ computer games. [JU-C; 22-23]
A. be played B. plays C. play D. playing
49. 'Subject-verb agreement' has been maintained in- [RU-A:21-22]
A. A lot of information are available online. B. A lot of information have come online.
C. A lot of facts is available online. D. A lot of information is available online.
49. Three - fourths of the work --- finished. [DU D Unit 1999-2000] [CU-A:22-23]
A. have been B. had C. has been D. were
50. One-third of the mangoes --- rotten. [GST-C: 21-22]
A. is B. was C. gets D. are
51. Two-thirds of the work --- finished. [DU &7 College, Humanities: 21-22]
A. have been B. have C. has been D. will have
52. −−−− there any nursing schools −−−− Chittagong? (DU B Unit 2011-12)
A. Is, at B. Are, on C. Was, in D. Are, in
53. One-third of the students ––––– present in the class. (DU D Unit 2014-15)
A. is B. are C. remains D. do not
55. In those days there (to be) no steamships. [JnU C-Unit; 2009-10]
A. were B. was C. would D. are
56. No news ⎯ good news. [JnU D-Unit; 2009-10]
A.is B. are C. was D. were
57. Which of the following is a correct sentence? (DU C Unit 2000-01)
A. There is no lessons today. B. There are no lessons today.
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C. There are no lesson today. D. None of the above.
58 . ⎯⎯ the rest of the audiences refuse to go out?
A. Does B. Do C. Have D. Has
Dc‡iv³ cÖk¸
œ ‡jvi DËi K¬v‡m ‡`Iqv n‡e|

• Sentence G One of _vK‡j Noun/ Pronoun Plural Ges Verb Singular nq|
One of my friends is a journalist.
• Z‡e Sentence G One of Ges who _vK‡j
Rule- One of + Plural Noun/ Pronoun + Who + Verb Plural
Example:- Rifat is one of the boys who are on time.
05 The One of + Plural Noun/ Pronoun + Who + Verb Singular
Example:- Rifat is the one of the boys who is on time.
Only One of + Plural Noun/ Pronoun + Who + Verb Singular
Example:- Rifat is only one of the boys who is on time.

Practice
59. Identify the error in the following sentence: She is one of the best teacher in our school. [JU IBA, 23-24]
A. in -> at B. teacher > teachers C. one -> the one D. no error
60. One of the girls __ absent yesterday. [DU 7 College, B Unit, 23-24]
A. were B. are C. was D. be
61. One of the common _______ that girls are pursuing their higher studies now. [CU A Unit, (Shift-2, S-2) 20-21]
A. phenomenon is B. phenomena is C. phenomena are D. phenomenos are
62. One of the________ of today's meeting _________ pay rise. [CU A Unit (Shift-3) 20-21]
A. agendum - is B. agendum - are C. agenda - are D. agenda - is
63. Which of the following sentences is correct? [RU A Unit, (Group-1) Shift-1, 20-21]
A. One of my friends are poets. B. One of my friend is a poet.
C. One of my friends is a poet. D. One of my friends are a poet.
66. Which one of the following sentence is correct? (DU B Unit 2000-01)
A. One of my friends are a lawyer B. One of my friends is a lawyer
C. One of my friend is a lawyer D. One of my friends is lawyer's
65. One of my friends ––––––– a student. (DU D Unit 1998-1999)
A. is B. are C. have D. has
66. One of the baskets full of rotten apples –––––––– thrown away. (DU D Unit 1999-2000)
A. was B. were C. have been D. have
67. Which one is correct? [JnU D- Unit-2011-12]
A. One of my cousins are a doctor B. One of my cousin is a doctor
C. One of my cousins is a doctor D. One of my cousin are a doctor
68. Which of the following sentence is correct? [CU A-Unit; 2009-10]
A. One of my friend is a journalist B. One of my friends are journalists
C. One of my friends is a journalist D. One of my friend are journalist
E. One of my friends is journalist
69. One of the boys ⎯ absent yesterday. [RU; 2009-10]
A. were B. was C. be D. None of them
70. Joe is one of the boys who ⎯ on time. [RU; 2009-10]
A. is B. are C. do D. being
71. One of the ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ come. [H Unit, JU-2015-16]
A. students has B. student have C. students have D. peoples have
Dc‡iv³ cÖk¸
œ ‡jvi DËi K¬v‡m ‡`Iqv n‡e|
`yB ev Z‡ZvwaK Subject 'and' Øviv hy³ n‡j Verb Plural nq|
(i) Ram and Shyam are two brothers.
mvaviYZ mgRvZxq GKvwaK Noun 'and' Øviv hy³ n‡q GKB e¯‘ ev aviYv wb‡`©k Ki‡j Verb singular nq|
(ii) Bread and butter is my favourite food.
Rule-06 (iii) Slow and steady wins the race.
wKš‘, Avjv`v Avjv`v †evSv‡j Verb / Pronoun Plural n‡e| †hgb-
The student newspaper and the student council (meets, meet) on Tuesday.
15 | P a g e • e¨w³evP‡Ki ‡¶‡Î (hZUv article ZZRb e¨w³). †hgb-
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The principal Website:
and the secretary www.ieducationbd.com Cell:
are coming to submit their proposals. 01810-103012
(wfbœ wfbœ e¨w³)
The principal and secretary is coming to submit his proposal. (GKB e¨w³)
 I Education – A Reliable EdTech Platform
Practices
72. Which sentence maintains subject and verb agreement? [GST-B: 21-22]
A. Sumita and her brothers are at school.
B. Raqib, Salman or Sharmin have visits the park.
C. The man with the colorful birds live on Ddpmy street.
D. One of my uncles are going on a trip to Laos. Ans: A
73. He and I _____ ill. [wbe©vPb Kwgkb mwPevj‡q D”Pgvb mnKvix-18]
A. am B. is C. are D. was Ans: C
74. The principal and chairman ____ present at the last meeting. [HSTU (C, Arts) 15-16]
A. is B. was C. have D. were Ans: B
75. Jamal and I _____ to school. [cÖKí ev¯Íevqb Kg©KZ©v Lv`¨ I `y‡h©vM e¨e¯’vcbv gš¿Yvjq-04]
A. walking B. walk C. walks D. are walk Ans: B
76. He and I ____ well. [cÖv_wgK mnKvix wkÿK-10, 11Zg wkÿK wbeÜb-14, cÖwZiÿv gš¿Yvj‡qi Dc-mnKvix cwiPvjK-16]
A. am B. is C. are D. was Ans: C
77. My family and I ____ well. [RU (mgvRweÁvb) 09-10, HSTU (A)15-16]
A. am B. is C. are D. was Ans: C
78. Which of the following sentence is correct? [ewnivMgb I cvm‡cvU© Awa`߇ii mnKvix cwiPvjK-11]
A. The poet and novelists are dead. B. The poet and the novelist is dead.
C. The poet and novelist is dead. D. The poet, the novelist and the playwright is dead. Ans: C
79. Coffee and tea ____ served in the evening. [RU E2 18-19]
A. was B. were C. have D. had Ans: B
80. The Vice Chancellor and Dean of science faculty ____ signed the paper. [BSMRSTU D 18-19]
A. is B. are C. has D. have Ans: C
81. The bed and breakfast ____. [BSMRSTU D 18-19]
A. are entertaining B. was entertaining C. has entertaining D. have entertained Ans: B
82. Which sentence of the following is incorrect? [RU (F) 17-18]
A. Slow and steady win the race. B. Slow and steady won the race.
C. Slow and steady wins the race. D. Slow and steady has won the race. Ans: A
83. The chairman and the secretary ____ present in the meeting. [COU (C) 16-17]
A. was B. were C. had D. had bee Ans: B
84. The professor and the student _____ on that point. [NU (gvbweK) 06-07]
A. has agreed B. agrees C. agreeing D. agree Ans: D

• Collective noun hw` single unit (GKgZ) eySvq Zvn‡j Verb singular n‡e, Avi divided (wfbœgZ)
eySv‡j Verb plural n‡e|
Examples: The jury has ordered to hang the man.
The jury are divided in their opinions.
Rule-07
The committee has agreed to take unanimous decision.
The committee are divided in respect of details.
The class is going to arrange a debate.
The class are in different views about the topic.

Practices
85. The committee has met and _______. [CU-C: 21-22]
A. they have reached a decision B. it has formulated themselves some opinions
C. its decision was reached at D. it has reached a decision
E. they reached a decision
86. Find out the sentence that maintains subject and verb agreement. [GST-A: 21-22]
A. The jury was not from the same town. B. He talks as if he was a king.
C. I had my room clean. D. He ran fast lest he should have miss the train.
88. Most labor unions provide insurance benefits –––––––. (DU C Unit 2003-04)
A. at your members B. in they members C. for her member
D. for its members E. for their members
89. Choose the correct sentence: (DU A Unit 2012-13)
A. The jury are arguing among themselves B. The jury is arguing among themselves
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C. The jury has argued among themselves D. The jury has been arguing among themselves
90. The pronoun agrees with its antecedent in ⎯. [JnU B-Unit; 2009-10]
A. The family does their best to make a living. B. The family are doing its best to make a living.
C. The family is doing their best to make a living. D. The family does its best to make a living.

Dc‡iv³ cÖk¸
œ ‡jvi DËi K¬v‡m ‡`Iqv n‡e|

Plural Noun+ Plural Verb

Most / Most of the/ Almost all / Almost all of the
Singular/Non-Count Noun+ Singular Verb
Rule
-08 Examples:- Most states have a sales tax. or, Most of the states have a sales tax.

Almost all of the states have a sales tax. or, Almost all states have a sales tax.

Practices
91. ⎯⎯ returned the library books in time. [ B-1 Unit, CU 2015-16]
A. Most of boys B. The many of the boys C. Most of the boys D. The most boys
92. ⎯⎯ fuel that is used today is a chemical form of solar energy.
A. Most of B. The most C. Most D. Almost the
93. ________ are present here.
A. Most of boys B. The many of the boys C. Most of the boys D. The most boys

Dc‡iv³ cÖk¸
œ ‡jvi DËi K¬v‡m ‡`Iqv n‡e|

English Foundation

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A verb is a word that denotes being, having, or doing something- P.C. Das (verb Ggb kã hv wKQz nIqv, _vKv ev Kiv eySvq)
A verb is a word or group of words that expresses an action - Oxford learner’s Dictionary. (verb Ggb GKwU kã ev kã
mgwó hv Øviv †Kvb KvR nIqv eySvq|
Avgiv Rvwb cÖwZwU ev‡K¨ GKwU verb _vKv eva¨Zvg~jK A_©vr GKwU ev‡K¨i essential part n‡”Q verb.
01. The essential part of a sentence is – [mgvR‡mev Awa`߇ii wdì mycvifvBRviÑ17, SUST- 05-06, RU (I, PviæKjv) 15-16]
A. Noun B. verb C. Hard words D. feeling Ans:B
02. Which one of the following is correct? [ivRkvnx K…wl Dbœqb e¨vsK Ñ 11]
A. Every English sentence must have a verb. B. Every English sentence should have a verb.
C. Every English sentence has a verb. D. Every sentence has a verb. Ans:A
Position of verb:
Assertive Sentence G Auxiliary bv _vK‡j Subject Gi cici- Let Gi ci Pronoun Gi Objective form nq (me/him/her/
B verb e‡m| us/ them/ it) Ges G‡`i ci verb e‡m|
†hgb- Every mother loves her child. †hgb- Let me read the book. Let’s help the poor.
Assertive Sentence G Auxiliary _vK‡j Auxiliary Gi ci to Gi ci verb base form e‡m| (infinitive)
verb e‡m| †hgb- I intend to say prayers.
†hgb- She is reading books. She has been reading. I decided to get up early in the morning.
She will read. She will be reading. Antecedent + that/ who/ which + verb A_©vr, GB MVbvbymv‡i
Imperative Sentence Gi Subject (you) memgq Dn¨ _v‡K ZvB that/ who/ which Gi c~‡e© antecedent _vK‡j G‡`i c‡i verb
Imperative Sentence Gi ïiæ‡Z Verb e‡m| e‡m|
†hgb- Do the sum. Speak the truth. ‡hgb- He is the player who heads the ball. (GLv‡b Who Gi
Z‡e Imperative Sentence wU Negative n‡j Auxiliary Gi c‡i Antecedent n‡”Q the player Ges heads n‡”Q verb) Avi GB ev‡K¨
Verb e‡m| †hgb- Don’t run in the sun. Don’t tell a lie. head Øviv gv_v eySvq wb eis dzUej †Ljvq †h †nW (head) †`Iqv nq
†mwU‡K eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q weavq GwU GLv‡b verb wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i‡Q|

01. ‘The work will double your income.’ The word ‘double’ is-
A. Noun B. Pronoun C. Verb D. Adverb Ans: C
02. I water the garden. The underlined word is-
A. noun B. pronoun C. verb D. preposition Ans: C
03. You should dress for cold weather today. (dress- ‡cvkvK civ)
A. Noun B. Verb C. Preposition D. Adjective Ans: B
05. Mind your own business. Here ‘mind’ is-
A. verb B. noun C. adjective D. adverb Ans: A
06. Right the wrong. Here ‘right’ is a/an-
A. noun B. Pronoun C. verb D. adverb Ans: C
07. Identify the parts of speech of the italic word- Let us winter in the Malaysia.
A. Noun B. Pronoun C. Verb D. Adverb Ans: C
08. The underlined word ‘What to object to is my object of study’ is-
A. an adjective B. a verb C. a noun D. Both a verb a noun Ans: B
09. Try to better your condition.
A. Adjective b. Adverb C. Noun d. Verb Ans: D
10. All that glitters is not gold. Here the word ‘glitters’ is-
A. Plural noun b. Verb c. Adverb d. Collective noun Ans: B
wb‡Pi suffix ¸‡jv w`‡q verb MwVZ nq-
-ate depreciate, generate, appreciate, -en harden, sharpen, brighten, strengthen
collaborate
-ify simplify, verify, amplify, justify -ise/ize symbolise/ symbolize, apologise
11. The word ‘impoverish’ is a/an-
A. noun B. verb C. adjective D. adverb Ans: B
12. The word ‘popularize’ is-
A. adjective B. verb C. noun D. adverb Ans: B
13. ‘Let is beautify the room’. The underlined part is a/an-
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A. noun B. conjunction C. adverb D. verb Ans: D

14. Which one is a verb-

A. advise B. dream C. beautify D. all of these Ans: D
15. Which one of the following word is not a verb.
A. beauty B. vary C. verify D. glory Ans: A
16. The word ‘beautify’ is-
A. a noun B. a verb C. an verb D. an adjective Ans: B
17. Differentiate is-
A. noun B. adjective C. adverb D. verb Ans: D
18. The word ‘empower’ is-
A. an adjective B. a verb C. an adverb D. a noun Ans: B
19. The word ‘idolize’ is-
A. a noun B. a verb C. an adverb D. an adjective Ans: B
20. ‘Isolate’ is-
A. adverb B. pronoun C. verb D. noun Ans: C
21. The word ‘paralyse’ is-
A. verb B. noun C. adjective D. pronoun Ans: A
22. Which of the following word is a verb?
A. Panance B. Penetrate C. Pensive D. Pedant Ans: B
23. The word ‘substantiate’ is a/an-
A. verb B. adjective C. noun D. adverb Ans: A
24. The word ‘sympathize’ is-
A. an adjective B. a verb C. a noun D. a preposition Ans: B
Classification of Verb
Verb ‡K wewfbœ `„wó†KvY †_‡K wewfbœ fv‡e †kªwY wefvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| Verb cÖavbZ 2 cÖKvi|

Finite verb Non-Finite verb

Finite Verb (mgvwcKv wµqv) & Non-Finite Verb (AmgvwcKv wµqv)

GKwU Sentence Gi main verb n‡”Q finite verb hv number, person Ges tense Abymv‡i cwieZ©b nq| ev‡K¨i †h verb wU †`‡L tense wbY©q
Kiv hvq Zv‡K Finite verb e‡j Ab¨w`‡K ev‡K¨i †h verb wU †`‡L tense wbY©q Kiv hvq bv Zv‡K Non-finite verb e‡j| †hgb: I want to eat
rice.
(GB ev‡K¨ want kãwU †`‡L ejv hv‡”Q evK¨wU †Kvb (present Indefinite tense) Ab¨w`‡K want kãwU Qvov ïay to eat †`‡k ejv hv‡”Q bv evK¨wU
†Kvb tense)
Verb ‡K Avevi 2 fv‡M fvM Kiv nq| h_v: Principal verb Ges Auxiliary verb.
Principal Verb:
‡h Verb Ab¨ Verb - Gi mvnvh¨ e¨ZxZ ¯^vaxbfv‡e ev‡K¨i A_© m¤úbœ Ki‡Z cv‡i, Zv‡K Principal Verb e‡j|
Example: He eats rice.
wet `ªt
✓ Principal Verb Qvov †Kvb Sentence MwVZ n‡Z cv‡i bv, ZvB †Kvb ev‡K¨ GKwUgvÎ Verb _vK‡j Zv Aek¨B Principal Verb nq|
Example: I am a student. He writes a letter.
✓ ïay Principal Verb Gi mv‡_B ‘s/es’ hy³ nq| ZvB ev‡K¨ ‘s/es’ hy³ GKwU gvÎ Verb _vK‡j Zv Aek¨B Principal Verb nq| Example:
She goes to college regularly.

01. Nothing lasts (wU‡K _vKv) forever. [SUST D-Unit 06-07]

A. Auxiliary verb B. Participle C. Main verb D. Modal auxiliary Ans:C
02. We should obey the laws. Here the verb “obey” is- [RU C-Unit 07-08]
A. Principal B. Finite C. Non-finite D. Auxiliary Ans:A
03. No sentence can formed without the - [RU G-Unit 08-09]
A. Transitive Verb B. Principal Verb C. Factitive Verb D. Intransitive Verb Ans: B
05. ‘Motin has broken the glass.’ The sentence following the structure – [IU (B) 09-10]
A. Sub + L V + Noun B. Sub + Aux. V + Obj C. Sub + verb + obj D. Sub + LV + adj Ans:C
Auxiliary Verb:

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Principal Verb ‡K Tense, Voice I Mood cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ †h mKj Verb mnvqZv K‡i Zv‡`i Auxiliary Verb e‡j| Example: I am
working there. I have completed my assignment.
Auxiliary Verb Pvi ai‡bi:
✓ Be Verb: am, is, are, was, were, be, been, being = g~jZ 1 wU Verb Gi wfbœ form.
✓ Have Verb: have, has, had = g~jZ 1 wU Verb Gi wfbœ form.
✓ Do Verb: do, does, did = g~jZ 1 wU Verb Gi wfbœ form.
✓ Modal Verbs: shall, should, will, can, could, may, might, must, dare, need, used to, ought to
g~jZ 9 wU Verb Ab¨ ¸‡jv G‡`iB forms. myZivs ejv hvq English Grammar G Auxiliary Verb g~jZ 12wU|
Z‡e primary auxiliary (Be= am, is, are, was, were, be, been, being, Have= have, has, had, Do= do, does, did) msL¨v †gvU 14
wU|
ev‡K¨ Principal Verb Gi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z Auxiliary Verb (am, is, are, was, were, have, has, had)-Principal Verb Gi KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Example: He is a driver. is GLv‡b Principal Verb wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q †h‡nZz GB ev‡K¨ Ab¨ †Kvb Principal verb †bB|

07. The number of auxiliary verbs in English is-[IU B-Unit 15-16]

A. Eleven B. Twelve C. Thirteen D. Fifteen Ans:B
08. “I did the work.” Here did is a/an - [RbmsL¨v I cwievi Kj¨vY Kg©KZ©v cix¶v 2009]
A. Auxiliary verb B. Weak verb C. Strong verb D. Principal verb Ans:D
09. I am in class twelve. Here ‘am’ is- [IUC-Unit 10-11, RU I-Unit 15-16]
A. Cognate Verb B. Principal Verb C. Auxiliary Verb D. Factitive Verb Ans:B
10. Which one is used both as auxiliary and principal verb? [ivRkvnx K…wl Dbœqb e¨vsK (K¨vwkqvi)-10]
A. can B. would C. might D. am Ans:D
Transitive Verb:: Intransitive Verb:
‡h mKj Verb Gi Object _v‡K Zv‡`i‡K Transitive Verb e‡j| ‡h mKj Verb Gi Object _v‡K bv Zv‡`i‡K Intransitive
Example: He bought a pen. Verb e‡j| Example: He goes there.

ev‡K¨i Verb †K ÔKxÕ ev ÔKv‡KÕ Øviv cÖkœ K‡i DËi †c‡j Verb wU Transitive Avi DËi bv †c‡j Intransitive.
Example:
He took shelter under the tree. ‡m Mv‡Qi wb‡P AvkÖq wbj| hw` took-‡K cÖkœ Kiv nq Kx wbj (took)?- Shelter. myZivs took GKwU Transitive
Verb.
Mother laughs- gv nv‡m| (GB evK¨wU‡K ÔKxÕ ev ÔKv‡KÕ Øviv cÖkœ Ki‡j DËi cvIqv hvq bv) Ges He comes here - †m GLv‡b Av‡m. (GB
evK¨wU‡K ÔKxÕ ev ÔKv‡KÕ Øviv cÖk Ki‡j DËi cvIqv hvq bv)

11. Fire burns. What kind of verb ‘burn’ is –[mn. mycvwib‡U‡Û›U (Rwic Awa.) 2005, ATEO 2006, CU D-Unit 07-08, BSMRSTU D-Unit 13-
14, HSTU A-Unit 13-14, RU E-Unit 15-16]
A. Intransitive B. Transitive C. Causative D. Copulative Ans:A
12. He writes a letter. In thes sentence ‘write’ is - [mgevq `߇i wØZxq †kªYxi †M‡R‡UW Awdmi 1997, cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wk¶K (Mvgv) 2014]
A. Principal verb B. Auxiliary verb C. Transitive verb D. Intransitive verb Ans:C
13. She sleeps. Here the verb ‘sleep’ is –[IU F-Unit 02-03]
A. Intransitive verb B. Transitive verb C. Be verb D. Linking verb Ans:A
14. The boy reads a book. What kind of verb ‘read’ in the sentence is.. [mn. cwiPvjK (cvm‡cvU© GÛ Bwg‡MÖkb) 03, PSC-imnKvix mwPe04]
A. Principal verb B. Auxiliary verb C. Transitive verb D. Intransitive verb Ans:C
15. River flows. What kind of verb ‘flows’ is? [RU Political Science 05-06]
A. Intransitive B. Transitive C. Causative D. Copulative Ans:A
16. Mother loves me. Here “loves” is an example of the –[cÖv_wgK mnKvix wk¶K (wm‡jU wefvM) 2007, cÖv_wgK cÖavb wk¶K (K¨v‡gwjqv)
2012, cÖvK-cÖv_wgK mnKvix wk¶K (wgwmwmwc) 2013]
A. Transitive verb B. Auxiliary verb C. Simple verb D. Intransitive verb Ans:A
17. The door opened automatically. The verb in this sentence is – [cwi‡ek Awa߇ii mnKvix cwiPvjK (KvwiMwi) 2011, cÖvK-cÖv_wgK mnKvix wk¶K (†WjU) 2012]
A. transitive B. intransitive C. neither intransitive nor intransitive D. linking Ans:B
18. He took shelter under a tree. Here the verb ‘took’ is- [Dc‡Rjv cjøx Dbœqb Kg©KZ©v 2012]
A. Transitive B. intransitive C. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’ D. Neither ‘A’ nor ‘B’ Ans:A
19. Mother laughs. ev‡K¨ Laughs Kx‡mi D`vniY? [cÖv_wgK mnKvix wk¶K (Wvwjqv) 2012]
A. Internsitive verb B. Auxiliary verb C. Transitive verb D. Causative verb Ans:A
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20. Which one is intransitive verb? [ivRkvnx K…wl Dbœqb e¨vsK (mycvifvBRvi)-15]
A. raise B. lay C. set D. rise Ans:D
21. Which of the following is not a type of incomplete verb? [IU (C) 11-12]
A. auxiliary verb B. intransitive verb C. semi-auxiliary verb D. being verb Ans:B

Direct & Indirect Object:

Direct Object ej‡Z g~jZ e¯‘evPK Object ‡K eySv‡bv nq Avi Indirect Object n‡jv e¨w³evPK Object| Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq, Verb ‡K ÕKxÕ
(What?) Øviv cÖkœ Ki‡j DËi wn‡m‡e Direct Object cvIqv hvq Avi ÔKv‡KÕ (Whom?) Øviv cÖkœ Ki‡j cvIqv hvq Indirect Object.
Double Object hy³ evK¨:
Subject + Verb + e¨w³evPK Object (Indirect Obj.) + e¯‘evPK Object (Direct Obj.)
Example: He gave me a book.
wKš‘ hw` Av‡M e¯‘evPK Object I c‡i e¨w³evPK Object nq †m †ÿ‡Î Indirect Object (e¨w³evPK) Gi c~‡e© Aek¨B to n‡e A_©vr S + V + e¯‘evPK
Object (Direct Obj.) + to+ e¨w³evPK Object (Indirect Obj.) n‡e|
Example: He gave a pen to me.
e¨wZµg:
Subject+ present/ entrust/ provide + Indirect Object + with + Direct Object.
Example: He provided me with food during my crisis.

22. Mrs. Lubna has returned.... [RU Finance & Banking 04-05]
A. the wallet to its original owner B. to its original owner the wallet
C. the wallet to its originally owner D. a wallet back to its original owner Ans:A
23. The pofessor gave ..../ He gave......./ She gave..... [DU C-Unit 05-06, CU D-Unit 11-12, B1-Unit 15-16, RU E-Unit (Even) 15-16]
A. to the class a tough assignment B. a tough assignment for the class
C. the class a tough assignment D. an assignment tough to the class. Ans:C
24. Identify the underlined item in the sentence. “Whom do you like most?” [CoU D-Unit 08-09]
A. Subject B. Relative pronoun
C. Direct object D. Indirect object Ans:D
25. Identify the underlined items: What did you tell her? [CoU D-Unit 09-10]
A. predicate B. question
C. indirect object D. direct object Ans:D
26. Choose the correct one. [RU English 09-10]
A. I presented her a flower. B. I presented a flower for her.
C. I presented her with a flower. D. She was presented a flower by me. Ans:A
27. She presented me a book. The underlined word acts as- [IU G-Unit 10-11]
A. direct object B. indirect object
C. noun complement D. none Ans:A
28. Rahat gave ____ a book. [MBSTU (D) 16-17]
A. at the friends B. to the friends
C. his friend D. for the friends Ans:C

Complement:
Verb Gi cieZ©x Noun/ Adjective hw` Subject ‡KB †evSvq Z‡e H Noun/ Adjective wU‡K Complement ejv nq| Examples:
Shakespeare is a playwright. Honey tastes sweet.
Object VS Complement
Subject Ges Object `ywU wfbœ ¯^Ëv‡K eySvq| †hgb: I eat rice. ÔAvwg Avi fvZÕ `ywU wfbœ wRwbm| Z‡e reflexive pronoun Gi †ejvq GwU
cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e bv| †h‡nZz reflexive pronoun Øviv Subject-‡KB eySv‡bv nq| †hgb: He killed himself.
Subject Ges Complement GKB mËv‡K eySvq| †hgb: I am a teacher. ÔAvwg Avi wkÿKÕ Øviv GKB e¨w³‡K eySvq| He was made a
leader. Ô‡m Avi †bZvÕ Øviv GKB e¨w³‡K eySvq|

29. Shakespeare is a playwright. Here ‘playwright’ is used as - [A_©gš¿Yvj‡qi cÖkvmwbK Kg©KZ©v 2004]
A. Object B. Subject C. Adverb D. Complement Ans:D

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30. He was called a fool. Here ‘a fool’ is - [RU English 05-06]
A. Noun B. Adjective C. Adverb D. Complement Ans:D
31. It is difficult to pass this admission test. Here ‘difficult’ is - [RU C-Unit 09-10]
A. Noun B. Adjective C. Adverb D. Complement Ans:D

Linking Verb
‡h mKj Verb Gi c‡ii Ask Subject Gi Complement wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq †mB mKj verb †K Linking Verb e‡j। Linking Verb Gi ci
GKwU word n‡j Zv Aek¨B Adjective n‡e|
‡hgb-
1. She feels satisfied. → GLv‡b feel GKwU linking verb.
2. She seemed unhappy. → GLv‡b seem GKwU linking verb.
Linking Verb mg~n
Appear Go Remain Sound
Be (am, is, are, was, were) Get Resemble Stay
Become Keep Seem Taste
Feel Look Smell Turn

25. Honey tastes sweet. Here ‘taste’ is a/an _____ verb.

A. linking B. intransitive C. non-finite D. none Ans: A
26. He became a politician. Here ‘became’ is a/an:
A. linking verb B. transitive verb C. intransitive verb D. none Ans: A
27. My younger brother has become a lawyer. The underlined word is a-
A. linking verb B. causative verb C. transitive verb D. non finite verb Ans: A
28. ‘Elena became a doctor.’ The sentence follows the structure-
A. subject + verb + object B. subject + linking verb + noun phrase
C. subject + transitive verb + object D. subject + intransitive verb + adjective Ans: B
29. ‘The milk got bad’ the sentence follows the structure-
A. subject + verb + object B. subject + intransitive verb + noun phrase
C. subject + intransitive verb + adjective D. subject + linking verb + adjective Ans: D
30. What is the correct sentence for the structure ‘S + LV + Adjective complement’?
A. She is an innocent lady B. She looks like an innocent lady
C. She looks innocent D. She is looking an innocent Ans: C
31. What is the correct sentence for the structure ‘S + LV + Adjective complement’?
A. Bannya has fallen ill B. Bannya has fallen an ill girl
C. Bannya has turned fallen ill D. Bannya has been fallen ill Ans: A
32. You must keep quiet. Follows the structure -
A. Subject + linking verb + adjective B. Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb + object
C. Subject + linking verb + noun D. Subject + verb + object Ans: A
Stative Verb:
‡h Verb evwn¨Kfv‡e KvR Kiv bv eywS‡q eis Ae¯’v eySvq, Zv‡K Stative Verb (Ae¯’vag©x wµqv) e‡j| mvaviYZ GB Verb ¸‡jvi Continuous
Tense nq bv Z‡e Gerund (Ving) wn‡m‡e em‡Z cv‡i| Stative Verb wewfbœ iK‡gi State (Ae¯’v) cÖKvk K‡i| †hgbt
State of perceiving (Dcjwäg~jK) : See, hear, feel, smell, taste,
State of mind & emotion (gvbwmK Ae¯’v) : love, like, hate, believe, forget, appear

32. Which one is not a stative verb? [CU F-Unit 09-10]

A. See B. Taste C. Feel D. Hear E. Laugh Ans: E
33. Honey tastes sweet. What is expressed by the ‘taste’ [RU D-Unit 09-10]
A. state of emotion B. state of being C. event D. state of perceiving Ans: D

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Copulative Verb:
†hme Intransitive Verb AwZwi³ word e¨ZxZ ev‡K¨i A_© m¤ú~Y© Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| †mB Rb GKwU Adjective Gi cÖ‡qvRb nq Zv‡K Copulative
Verb e‡j| †hgb: He went mad. GLv‡b ‘go’ A_© hvIqv, go Gi mv‡_ mad hy³ n‡q Gi m¤ú~Y© A_© n‡jv A_©vr cvMj nIqv| Avi GB ev‡K¨ Go
n‡jv copulative verb.
1. What kind of verb is the word ‘went’ in the following sentence? ‘The dog went mad’
[DU (C) 98-99, KUET 06-07, ¯^v¯’¨ Awa`߇ii ¯^v¯’¨ mnKvix-10, 14Zg cÖfvlK wbeÜb-17]
A. Transitive B. Causative C. Copulative D. Factitive Ans:C
Factitive Verb (wØKg©K wµqv):
hLb †Kvb Transitive Verb Zvi Object QvovI AwZwi³ Word Gi mvnvh¨ Qvov c~Y© A_© cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, ZLb H Transitive Verb
wU‡K Factitive Verb e‡j| A_© m¤úbœ Ki‡Z AwZwi³ †h Word Gi cÖ‡qvRb nq Zv‡K Factitive Object ev Object Complement
e‡j|
Example: We called him captain. (GB ev‡K¨ made kãwU Factitive Verb Avi captain kãwU Factitive Object ev Object
Complement). GB ev‡K¨ †h‡nZz We called him (Avgiv Zv‡K WvwK) ej‡j m¤ú~Y© A_© cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| cÖ‡kœ hw` ejv nq - Avgiv
Zv‡K Kx e‡j WvwK? d‡j We called him evK¨wUi m¤ú~Y© A_© cÖKvk Ki‡Z captain e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| hv Øviv evK¨wUi m¤ú~Y© A_© cÖKvk
Ki‡Z cvq (Avgiv Zv‡K K¨v‡Þb WvwK)|
Factitive Verb ¸‡jv n‡jv - Elect, Select, Nominate, Name, Call, Make, Choose BZ¨vw`|

34. They elected him captain. Here elected is- [RU I-Unit 09-10]
A. Transitive verb B. Reflexive verb C. Factitive verb D. Causative verb Ans:C
Cognate Verb (mgavZzR wµqv):
hLb ‡Kvb Intransitive Verb Zvi Noun form-‡KB Object wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i ZLb Zv‡K Cognate Verb ejv nq|| Example: He slept a
sound sleep. GLv‡b, slept g~jZ GKwU Intransitive Verb n‡jI Gi Object Position G sleep GiB Noun form Av‡Q, ZvB slept GLv‡b
Cognate Verb Ges sleep n‡jv Cognate Object.
†Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e, Sleep kãwU verb (Sleep- Nygv‡bv/ noun (sleep - Nyg)| ev‡K¨ Gi e¨envi Abyhvqx Parts of Speech wba©vwiZ nq|
35. I dreamt a wonderful dream. [mn: cwiPvjK (gv`K`ªe¨ wbqš¿Y Awa:) 1999, BSMRSTU F-Unit 12-13]
A. Retained object B. Cognate object C. Reflexive object D. Factitive object Ans:B
36. Which sentence of the followings is an example of cognate object? [PSC-Gi mnKvix mwPe 2001]
A. He called me a fool. B. He teaches English.
C. I know him to be a coward. D. Rani sang a song. Ans:D
37. He ran a race. Here ‘ran’ is a _____ verb- [wk¶K wbeÜb I cÖZ¨qb cix¶v 2010]
A. Causative B. Copulative C. Cognate D. Factitive Ans:C
38. Which sentence of the following is an example of cognate object?
A. He called me a fool B. He teaches us English
C. I know him to be a coward. D. Rani sang a song Ans:D
Group Verb / Phrasal Verb:
‡Kvb Verb Gi c‡i wewfbœ Preposition e‡m Transitive Verb iƒ‡c e¨eüZ n‡q wfbœ wfbœ A_© cÖKvk Ki‡j Zv‡K Phrasal Verb ev Group
Verb ev Prepositional Verb e‡j| †hgb: He looks after his old parents. She takes after her mother.
wet `ªt Group Verb-Gi ci Noun / Pronoun em‡j Zv Transitive Verb wn‡m‡e MY¨ nq|
Reflexive verb:
Reflexive verb Gi Subject I Object hw` GKB e¨w³ ev e¯‘‡K eySvq Zv‡K Reflexive verb e‡j|
†hgb: She killed herself. They fanned themselves.
39. She takes after her mother. [MYc~Z© Awa`߇ii DcmnKvix cÖ‡KŠkjx (wmwfj)2011]
A. verbal idiom B. phrasal verb C. regular verb D. intransitive verb Ans:B
40. Which one is transitive verb? [Z_¨ gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b MY‡hvMv‡hvM Awa`߇i mnKvix Z_¨ Awdmvi 2005, BRUR A-Unit 12-13]
A. The baby sleeps. B. To err is human. C. Fire burns. D. The girl takes after her mother. Ans:D
41. Jan turned down the chance to work abroad. The underlined part is- [IU (B) 13-14]
A. phrasal verb B. regular verb C. linking verb D. irregular verb Ans:A

Gerund
Gerund (Ving):Gerund Ving form (Verb + ing) hv ev‡K¨ Verb Ges Noun Gi Df‡qi KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ ev‡K¨ GKwU mvaviY Noun Gi
g‡Zv e¨eüZ nq| KviY Gerund me©`vB Noun Gi ¯’v‡b e‡m| ejv nq: Gerund is related to ‘verb’ but similar to ‘noun’.

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42. A ‘Gerund does the work of- [DU C-Unit 00-01, RU C1-Unit 07-08, BSMRSTU E-Unit 14-15]
A. a verb and a noun B. a verb and an adjective
C. a verb and an adverb D. a verb and a conjunction Ans:A
43. Gerund’ is similar to – [Bangladesh Commerce Bank-2000, KU BBA 06-07, MBSTU C-Unit 15-16]
A. noun B. adjective C. verb D. adverb Ans:A
44. Gerund is related to – [RU Marketing 09-10]
A. pronoun B. verb C. adjective D. adverb Ans:B
45. How gerund is formed?
A. Verb + ing B. Preposition + ing C. Noun + ing D. Adjective + ing Ans:A
Gerund vs Participle
Gerund Participle
Gerund MwVZ nq (Verb+ing) w`‡q Ges KvR K‡i Ab¨w`‡K Participle MwVZ nq (Verb + ing) w`‡q Ges KvR K‡i (Verb
(Verb + Noun) Gi| + Adjective) Gi|
‘What’ (ÔKxÕ) w`‡q cÖkœ K‡i hw` (Verb+ing) DËi wn‡m‡e Ab¨w`‡K ‘How’ (Ô‡KgbÕ) w`‡q cÖkœ K‡i hw` (Verb + ing) DËi wn‡m‡e
cvIqv hvq Z‡e Zv Gerund. †hgb- cvIqv hvq Z‡e Zv Participle. †hgb-
She loves reading. †m Kx co‡Q? cÖ‡kœ Dˇi reading G‡m‡Q The story is interesting. MíwU †Kgb? cÖ‡kœi Dˇi interesting G‡m‡Q
weavq GwU Gerund. weavq GwU Participle.
Article/determiner+ (verb+ ing)+ Noun n‡j hw` Noun Ab¨w`‡K Article / Determiner+ (verb + ing) + Noun n‡j hw`
Ges (Verb+ing) Gi ¯’vb cwieZ©b K‡i gv‡S ‘for’ emv‡bv hvq Noun Ges (Verb+ing) Gi ¯’vb cwieZ©b K‡i gv‡S ‘is’ emv‡bv hvq Z‡e
Z‡e Gerund | †hgb: This is a walking street. Participle| †hgb: He is a walking person. GLv‡b ¯’vb cwieZ©b K‡i
GLv‡b ¯’vb cwieZ©b K‡i street Ges walking Gi gv‡S ‘for’ person Ges walking Gi gv‡S ‘is’ emv‡j (person is walking)
emv‡j (street for walking) evK¨wU mwVK A_© †`q| evK¨wU mwVK A_© †`q|
Transitive verb Gi (verb+ ing) _vK‡j Gerund. †hgb: Ab¨w`‡K Intransitive verb Gi (verb+ ing) _vK‡j Participle. †hgb-
He started writing. She went away crying.
(Transitive verb Ggb verb hvi object _v‡K Avi ev‡K¨i †K (Intransitive verb Ggb verb hvi object _v‡K bv| †hgb- She went
ÔKxÕ / Kv‡KÕ Øviv cÖkœ Ki‡j cvIqv hvq| †hgb- He started away crying. GLv‡b ÔKx / Kv‡KÕ wM‡qwQj? w`‡q cÖkœ K‡i DËi cvIqv
writing. GLv‡b Kx ïiæ K‡i‡Q? DËi Av‡Q writing- †jLv hv hv‡”Q bv|
GKwU object.
Complement wn‡m‡e (Verb + ing) hw` Kv‡Ri bvg nq Z‡e Complement wn‡m‡e (verb+ing) hw` Kv‡Ri bvg bv eywS‡q Noun
Gerund n‡e| †hgb: My hobby is reading. Pronoun †K Modify K‡i Z‡e Participle n‡e| †hgb: Education is
enlightening.
Preposition Ges possessive Gi ci (verb+ing) n‡j Object Gi ci (verb + ing) Ges Possessive †bB (this, that, all
gerund nq| etc.) Zv‡`i ci (verb + ing) n‡j participle nq|
‡hgb- After realizing the situation, he helped her. †hgb: I found her crying.
He insisted on my going abroad for higher studies. Please help me by all starting the dilapidated car.
I have doubts about this happening at all.
(verb + ing) Gi c‡i (verb + ing) + preposition †hv‡M (verb + ing) Gi c‡i (verb + ing) + preposition †hv‡M MwVZ †Kvb
MwVZ †Kvb Phrase Gi c‡i hw` verb _v‡K Zv‡e Zv erund nq| Phrase Gi c‡i hw` subject _v‡K Z‡e Zv participle nq|
†hgb: Sleeping in the morning isn’t good for health. †hgb: Reading a book, he went to bed.
He found parking is difficult. Eating rice, they went to school.
mKj Continuous tense Gi ing hy³ verb - B Present Participle nq|
†hgb- I was playing cricket. I am reading in reading room.

46. Education is enlightening. Here ‘enlightening’ is: [37th BCS]

A. A gerund B. A participle C. An infinitive D. A finite verb Ans:B
47. The old man has a walking stick. [COU (A)19-20]
A. participle B. gerund C. verbal noun D. adverbial Ans:B
48. I joined a riding school. Here ‘riding’ is - [KU (mgvRweÁvb ¯‹zj) 10-11]
A. gerund B. participle C. verbal noun D. infinitive Ans:A
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49. The girl dancing is my daughter. The underlined word is - [NSTU (C) 14-15]
A. Gerund B. Participle C. Preposition D. Infinitive Ans:B
50. What is the correct use of gerund? [16Zg cÖfvlK wbeÜb-19]
A. I saw the girl dancing. B. I am dancing on the floor.
C. Dancing is a good exercise. D. The girl came here dancing. Ans:C
51. Swimming is good for health. The underlined word is - [JnU A 16-17, JKKNIU D 17-18; `y`‡Ki Awdm mnvqK-19]
A. Gerund B. Participle C. Phrase D. Clause Ans:A
52. Making a good result in the exam needs a lot of hard word. Here ‘making’ is – [Øv`k we‡RGm (mnKvix RR)-18]
A. present participle B. pronoun C. adjective D. gerund Ans:D
53. He started reading. The underlined word is called-
A. verb B. participle C. gerund D. infinitive Ans:C
54. ‘Reading is a good habit.’ Here ‘reading’ is - [LGRD gš¿Yvj‡qi mnKvix cÖ‡KŠkj)-17]
A. verbal noun B. verb C. gerund D. present participle Ans:C
55. The word ‘walking’ in the sentence ‘Walking is good for health’ is - [mn cwievi cwiKíbv Awdmvi-16]
A. a participle B. a gerund C. an adjective D. an object Ans:B
57. Walking in the morning is good for health. This is - [DU C 01-02, cwievi cwiKíbv Awa`ßi-14]
A. an example of gerund B. an example of infinitive
C. an example of participle D. an example of verbal noun Ans:A
57. I found the boy reading a book, Here ‘reading’ is – [†ijI‡q Dc-mnKvix cÖ‡KŠkjx (†gKvwbK¨vj)-06]
A. Present participle B. Noun C. Gerund D. Verb Ans:A
58. Taking exercise is a good habit. Here ‘taking’ is - [RU (E) 18-19]
A. Present participle B. past participle
C. gerund D. perfect participle Ans:C
59. Which of the underlined ones is a gerund? [NSTU (C) 13-14]
A. I know the dancing girl. B. This is my reading room.
C. Bring me the floating paper. D. I saw him reading. Ans:B
60. Which of the following sentence does not have a gerund? [KU 08-09]
A. I see a sleeping child. B. Walking is the morning is good for health.
C. He fancies visiting the Eiffel tower. D. Please stop writing. Ans:A
Verbal Noun:
The Gi ci Ges of Gi c~‡e© verbing em‡j G‡K verbal noun ejv nq| †hgb- The writing of a good letter is difficult. GLv‡b The
writing of n‡”Q verbal noun.

61. Which one of the following is the example of verbal noun? [_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi- 96, RU (jvB‡eªwi mv‡qÝ) 06-07, IU (G) 11-12, JUST
(A)13-14, KU (S) 15-16]
A. Writing good letter is difficult. B. The writing of a good letter is difficult.
C. Good letter writing is difficult. D. It is difficult to write a good letter. Ans:B
62. Verbal noun is close to _____. [IU B 13-14]
A. Past Participle B. Adjective C. Gerund D. Present Participle Ans:C
63. I like travelling to different places of the world. In this sentence the verbal noun is – [DU (B) 18-19]
A. travelling B. visit C. world D. places Ans:A
64. The reading of books is a good practice. Here the reading of is - [SUST (B) 12-13]
A. verbal noun B. gerund C. present participle D. simple verb Ans:A
65. Which of the following is active with verbal noun with preposition & subject? [Medical 10-11]
A. I saw him go to the garden B. Amina & Joy made us laugh
C. I am to make a telephone call D. We went to see the launching of the ship Ans:D

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wKQy Verb Av‡Q hviv Ab¨ Verb-†K (Noun Gi cwie‡Z©) Complement wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ wKQy Verb Gi
ci infinitive nq Ges wKQy Verb Gi ci Gerund nq|
Verb / Prepositional Phrase-¸‡jvi ci memgq Gerund nq|
A = Admit, Appreciate, Avoid
B = Begin
C = Complete, Consider, Can't Help
D = Delay, Deny, Discuss
E = Enjoy
F = Finish
K = Keep
M = Miss, Mind, Mention
P = Postpone, Practice
Q = Quit
R = Recommend, Recall, Recollect, Resent, Resume, Report, Regret, Risk
S = Start, Stop, Suggest
T = Tolerate
U = Understand
W = Worth
Prepositional Phrase - Object to, Look forward to, Confess to, Accustomed
to, With an eye to, With a view to, Be accustomed to

Verb /Prepositional phrase-¸‡jvi ci memgq Infinitive nq|

A = Agree, Appear, Arrange, Ask, Attempt, Anxious, Able
B = Beg, Boring
C = Claim, Consent, Common
D = Decide, Demand, Deserve, Dangerous, Difficult
E = Easy, Eager, Expect
F = Fail, Forget H= Hesitate, Hope, Hard
I = Intend L = Learn
M = Manage, Mean
N = Need, Necessary O = Offer
P= Plan, Prepare, Pretend, Promise
R= Ready, Refuse
S = Seem , Strive, Strange
T= Threaten U= Usual
W = Wait, Want, Wish

Allow, ask, advise, order, urge, beg, convince, expect, instruct + Noun/ Pronoun _vK‡j infinitive nq| Z‡e G‡¶‡Î
verb + ing I n‡Z cv‡i| kZ© n‡”Q Gerund Gi c~‡e©i Noun /Pronoun wU Aek¨B Possessive form-G n‡Z n‡e|
Marjan asked Maisha to call him when she woke up. We ordered him to appear in court.
I urge you to reconsider your decision. We understand your not being able to stay longer.
We are looking forward to their coming next year. We don't approve of John's buying this house.
acknowledge, advise, allow, consider, encourage, forbid, permit, recommend admit, report verb ¸‡jvi ci
mvaviYZ Gerund nq| wKš‘ hw` G‡`i ci object _v‡K ev Giv passive pattern nq, Z‡e G¸‡jv infinitive nq| †hgbt
We’re considering buying a new car. This award is considered to be a great honor.
He acknowledged going there. He admits committing the crime.
The house was reported to be in excellent condition It is generally acknowledged to be true.
He advised me to apply at once. He advised applying at once.
begin, start, continue, cease verb ¸‡jvi ci A‡_©i wfbœZv QvovB Gerund / Infinitive nq| wKš‘ hLb G‡`i ci
understand, see, realize, and matter Av‡m, ZLb G‡`i ci infinitive nq| †hgbt
I started to understand his true nature. He continued living/ to live in Dhaka.
26I |began
P a g e working/ to work. It ceased to matter whether or not he came here.
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Let’s practice
01. I don’t mind ⎯ with the cooking but I am not going to wash the dishes. [24 Zg wewmGm (evwZj)]
A. to help B. help C. helping D. for helping
02. I am looking forward –––– you. [26thBCS]
A. to seeing B. seeing C. to see D. to have see
03. He gave up –––– football when he got married. [26thBCS]
A. of playing B. to play C. playing D. play
05. He advised me –––– smoking. [25thBCS ]
A. giving up B. to give up C. on giving up D. from giving up
07. She refused ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ me. [H Unit, JU-2015-16]
A. helping B. to help C. for help D. helps
08. Anarchists believe that political institutions are not necessary ––– people. [DU B Unit, 2007-08]
A. to have governing B. that govern C. governing D. to govern E. govern
09. Almost every one fails –––– on the first try. [DU B Unit, 2005-06]
A. in passing the driving B. to pass his driver's test C. to have passed his driver's test
D. passing his driver's test E. passed his driver's test
10. I regret –––– Marzina about the wedding. [DU C Unit, 2005-06]
A. tell B. to tell C. telling D. to telling E. of telling
13. It is worth –––– that the project was completed in three months. [Bangladesh Rural Development Board cix¶v-2004]
A. to mention B. of mention C. mentioning D. in mentioning
14. Are you looking forward –––– your friend again. [DU D Unit, 2001-02]
A. seeing B. to see C. to seeing D. to saw E. to seen
15. Many modern architects insist on ⎯⎯⎯ materials native to the region that will blend into the surrounding
landscape.
A. use B. to use C. the use D. using
16. Teachers dislike –––– the examination routine as much as students do. [DU 2004-05]
A. changing B. change C. having change D. to be changed
17. She tried to be serious but she couldn't help ––––. [DU B Unit, 2007-08]
A. laughing B. to laugh C. laugh D. that to laugh
18. I want –––– careful with your homework in future. [DU B Unit, 2004-05]
A. you be B. you to be C. that you are D. you will be
19. Fast-food restaurants have become popular because many working people want ––––.
A. to eat quickly and cheaply B. eating quickly and cheaply
C. eat quickly and cheaply D. the eat quickly and cheaply
20. I don’t mind ⎯⎯⎯ if you are tired. [H Unit, JU-2015-16]
A. to drive B. drive C. driving D. to be driving
21. If you have a headache, stop −−−− TV. [A Unit JnU 2016-17]
A. watched B. watch C. watching D. to watch
22. I went to the market with a view to ⎯ a book.
A. bought B. buy C. buying D. being bought
23. My father insists on ⎯ quality materials for the construction of our new house.
A. use B. to use C. the use D. using
24. Strauses finished ⎯⎯⎯ two of his published compositions before his tenth birthday.
A. written B. write C. to write D. writing

25. She went back to work (to close) the door. [DU Gha-Unit 2009-10]
A. closed B. was closing C. closing D. close
26. It’s not worth ⎯ now. [CU Kha-Unit 2009-10]
A. to go shopping B. going to shop C. going shopping
D. to go to shop E. go to shop
27. She is looking forward ⎯ to Europe. [CU Gha-Unit 2009-10]
A. to go B. to have gone C. to be gone D. to going E. to
28. I am fond of ⎯. [P.we. Q-BDwbU 2009-10]
A. ride B. riding C. rider D. rode E. rides
29. I don’t mind ⎯ late, if it will do any good. [iv.we. ‡jvK cÖkvmb wefvM 2009-10]
A. to work B. working C. to be working D. to have worked

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30. Karim stopped ⎯ letters to me. [ iv.we. ‡jvKcÖkvmb wefvM 2009-10]
A. to write B. to written C. writing D. wrote
31. I enjoy ⎯ out for field work. [iv.we b„weÁvb wefvM 2009-10]
A. go B. went C. going D. much
32. We did not mind ⎯ overtime occasionally. [iv.we. AvBb wefvM 2009-10]
A. to work B. working C. work D. worked
33. He worked instead of ⎯
A. playing B. paly C. played D. having played
34. There are people who can’t help ⎯ when they see someone slip on a banana skin.
A. crying B. laughing C. shouting D. anything
35. He was debarred from ⎯ the examination. [RvZxq msm` mwPevj‡qi mnKvix cwiPvjK wb‡qvM cix¶v 2006]
A. taking B. sitting C. appearing D. regard
36. He is looking forward ⎯ me. [evsjv‡`k †ijI‡qi Dc-mnKvix cÖ‡KŠkjx (†gKvwbK¨vj) wb‡qvM cix¶v 2006]
A. seeing B. to seeing C. to see D. to have seen
37. Would you mind ⎯ a folk song?
A. for B. singing C. sing D. in
38. Which one is correct sentence? [cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq cÖavb wk¶K wb‡qvM cix¶v 2001, miKvwi gva¨wgK we`¨vjq mnKvix wk¶K wb‡qvM cix¶v1996]
A. Will you mind to go there? B. Would you mind going there?
C. Will you mind going there? D. Would you mind to go there?
39. The government is considering −−− a new international airport. [DU C- Unit-2011-12]
A. to build B. building C. to have built D. for building E. that build
40. I remembered ....... the race. [DU D- Unit-2011-12]
A. the horse's winning to B. the orse to win C. the horse winning D. the horse's to win
41. I am looking forward to −−− soon. The right option for the gap is- [JnU D- Unit-2011-12]
A. to see you B. seeing you C. have seen you D. be seeing you
42. Farmers look forward to ⎯ every summer.[CU A- Unit-2011-12]
A. participating in the country fairs B. participate in the country fairs
C. be participating in the country fairs D. have participated in the country fairs
43. The people of Quebec have been considering ⎯⎯ themselves from the rest of Canada. [DU C Unit 2013-14]
A. to separate B. separating C. separated D. separate E. to be separate
44. One of the least effective ways of storing information is learning ⎯⎯⎯⎯ it.
A. how repeat B. repeating C. to repeat D. repeat
45. Some people are convinced ⎯⎯ something for their health by ⎯⎯ on energy bars or cornflakes.
A. do, live B. to do, to live C. doing, living D. to do, living
48. The submarine dipped to avoid ⎯⎯ by the enemy plane. [B Unit, JnU-2015-16]
A. see B. being seen C. seeing D. seen
Dc‡iv³ cÖk¸
œ ‡jvi DËi K¬v‡m ‡`Iqv n‡e|

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Causative verb Gi object second verb Gi KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡j Doer.

‡hgb:
Doer He had Robi wash the car. (GLv‡b Causative verb Gi object Robi second verb Gi KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i)
Masum had the car start itself. (GLv‡b Causative verb Gi object Car wb‡R KvR K‡i ZvB)
I have my washing machine wash my car. (GLv‡b Causative verb Gi object Washing machine wash Ki‡Z cv‡i)

Causative verb Gi object second verb Gi KvR bv Ki‡Z cvi‡j Receiver.

‡hgb:
Receiver He had a problem solved. (GLv‡b Causative verb Gi object a problem wb‡R solve n‡Z cv‡i bv)
Masum had the car washed. (GLv‡b Causative verb Gi object Car wb‡R wash Ki‡Z cv‡i bv)
Mary had him punished for the theft. (GLv‡b Causative verb Gi object him wb‡R punish K‡i bv)

Have Examples
Sub + have + person/ doer + v. base form + others He had me solve a problem.
Sub + have + thing/ receiver + v.p.p + others He had a problem solved.

Get Examples
Sub + get + person/ doer + infinitive + others The get the girl to wash cloth.
Sub + get + thing/ reciever + v.p.p + others They get cloth washed by the girl.

Make/Let Examples
I make him understand English.
Sub + make/ let + person/thing + v. base form + He let me write an application.
others He let an application write by me.

Help Gi ‡ÿ‡Î v. base form/ infinitive nq Example: My teacher helped me get / to get this job.

01. I think I’ve made our position very ⎯⎯⎯. (DU D Unit 2015-16)
A. clarified B. clear C. clearly D. cleared
02. My mother ––––– by a well-known photographer. (DU D Unit 2000-2001)
A. had taken her photo B. had her photo taken C. her photo was taken D. took her photo
03. It costs about Tk. 500 to have a tooth –––––. (C Unit 2008-09)
A. filling B. to fill C. filled D. fill E. has been filled
04. Which of the following sentence is correct? (DU B Unit 1996-1997)
A. The speaker made the audience to listen to him B. The speaker made the audience listen to him
C. The speaker made the audience to listen him D. The speaker made the audience listening to him
05. The translation of ÔAvwg Zv‡K eySv‡Z †Póv KieÕ is− (DU D Unit 2010-2011)
A. I will making him to understand. B. I will try make him understand.
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C. I will try to make him to understand. D. I will try to make him understand.
06. Complete the sentence. Where _______________ (DU D Unit 2001-2002)
A. did you cut your hair? B. have you cut your hair? C. did you have cut your hair? D. did you have your hair cut?
07. He didn't let me –––––––– the guitar. (DU D Unit 2000-2001)
A. play B. to play C. playing D. that I could play.
08. Anis had Rafique ⎯⎯ the floor. [JnU. B-Unit 2009-2010]
A. clean B. to clean C. cleaned D. to be cleaned E. would clean
09. Javed had Asad ⎯ the car. [CU. B-Unit 2009-2010]
A. wash B. to wash C. washed D. to be washed E. would wash
10. Our teacher makes us ⎯ very hard. [CU. B-Unit 2009-2010]
A. to work B. work C. working D. worked E. to be working
11. Karim had his car ⎯ by a mechanic yesterday. [CU. D-Unit 2007-2008]
A. to repair B. be repaired C. repairing D. repaired E. was repaired
12. The smell of the food makes my mouth- [JnU. A-Unit 2009-2010]
A. watered B. watering C. water D. waters
œ ‡jvi DËi K¬v‡m ‡`Iqv n‡e|
Dc‡iv³ cÖk¸

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Present Indefinite Tense

‡Kvb KvR eZ©gv‡b mvaviYfv‡e N‡U Giƒc eySv‡Z Present Indefinite Tense nq|
mywbw`©ó mgq D‡jøL bv †_‡K ev‡K¨ hw` always, often, usually, hardly, seldom, generally, normally, regularly,
occasionally, sometimes, daily, frequently, at times, every morning/ day/ week/ month/ year /time etc. BZ¨vw` _v‡K
Zvn‡j Verb wU Present Indefinite Tense G n‡e|
Examples: He reads newspaper regularly.
She runs five kilometers every morning.
We usually goes to college on foot.
Imperative Sentence me©`vB Present Indefinite Tense wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ|
Examples: Speak the truth.
Don’t tell a lie.
wPišÍb mZ¨ (Universal truth), HwZnvwmK mZ¨ (Historical truth), Af¨vmMZ Kg© (Habitual fact), †Kvb e³v ev †jL‡Ki Dw³
(Quotation) Gi †ÿ‡Î me©`vB Present Indefinite Tense e¨eüZ nq|
Examples: He drinks tea every mornimg.
I get up everyday at five o’clock.
The sun rises in the east.
Fortune favors the brave.
`ywU wPišÍb mZ¨ (Universal truth), ˆeÁvwbK mZ¨ (Scientific truth), HwZnvwmK mZ¨ (Historical truth), Af¨vmMZ Kg©
(Habitual fact) hy³ evK¨ When Øviv hy³ nq Z‡e `ywU-B present Indifinte tense n‡e|
Know, believe, hear, see, smell, wish, understand, hate, love, like, want, sound, have, need, appear, sound,
continue, seem, taste, own cÖf…wZ n‡jv Stative Verb; G‡`i Continuous form Kiv hvq bv| ‡h mKj ‡ÿ‡Î Present/ Past
Continuous Tense Ki‡Z nq †mmKj ‡ÿ‡Î Present/ Past Indefinite Ges Present/ Past Perfect Continuous Tense Gi
‡ÿ‡Î Present/ Past Perfect n‡e|
Examples: They understand the problem now.
We want to leave now.
My cough sounds bad.
Practices
01. Your brother (go) to school regularly, Choose the right form of verb- [RU A Unit, (Group-2) 20-21]
A. goes B. had gone C. went D. going Ans. A
02. Rabindranath’s stories often _____ surprise endings. [DU (D) 00-01, cÖvK-cÖv_wgK mn: wkÿK-16]
A. had B. have C. has D. have had Ans:B
03. Which of the following is an example of active and present indefinite tense? [Dental 09-10]
A. He is writing a letter B. I have invited them
C. He has done the work D. Flood destroy crops Ans: D
04. Which is the example of present indefinite tense? [IU D-Unit 04-05]
A. He had an Indian cow. B. The boy was seriously punished.
C. The train left the station in time. D. None Ans: D
05. Habitual fact is expressed only in- [¯^ivóª gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b Kviv ZË¡veveavqK 2005, RU C-Unit 08-09]
A. present perfect tense B. present indefinite tense
C. past perfect tense D. past indefinite tense Ans: B
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06. Find out the tense of the following sentence: Let it be done. [RU E-Unit 06-07]
A. Present indefinite B. Past indefinite C. Present perfect D. Past perfect Ans: A
07. What is the verb of the word Ôability’? [11 Zg wewmGm wcÖwjwgbvwi]
A. Ableness B. Able C. Ably D. Enable Ans: D
08. The ‘Present Indefinite Tense’ denotes- [IU C-Unit 14-15]
A. An action in the present time, habitual or eternal.
B. An action is continued for a time in present.
C. An action has already been finished at present.
D. None of them. Ans: A
09. He _____ tennis twice a week. [DU (B) 97-98, IU (H) 08-09, JU (C) 09-10]
A. is playing usually B. usually plays C. plays usually D. is usually playing Ans:B
10. Teacher said, “The earth _____ round the sun.” [36 BCS] th

A. moves B. moved C. has moved D. will be moving Ans:A

11. Karim _____ to school regularly. [cvwb Dbœqb †evW© Awdm mnvqK-15, K…wl m¤úªmviY Awa`߇i mnKvix K…wl Kg©KZ©v-16]
A. goes B. had gone C. went D. going Ans:A

Present Continuous Tense/ Present Progressive Tense

‡Kvb KvR eZ©gv‡b Pj‡Q Giƒc eySv‡j evK¨wU Present Continuous G nq|
Now, right now (GB g~û‡Z©), at present, at this time/ moment, today, still, day by day, gradually, rapidly, year after
year BZ¨vw` D‡jøL _vK‡j Ges eZ©gv‡b Pjgvb †Kvb wKQz eySv‡j Verb Gi Present Continuous Tense nq|
Be verb Gi c‡i Present Participle (Ving) e‡m Zv hw` Complement Gi KvR K‡i A_©vr Subject †K wb‡`©k K‡i ev Gi Ae¯’v
cÖKvkK
nq Zvn‡j Sentence wU Present Indefinite tense nq|
Examples: It is embarrassing. (GUv weeªZKi)
It is amazing. (GUv we¯§qKi)
Lye wbKU fwel¨‡Z NU‡Z hv‡”Q Ggb cwiKwíZ KvR wb‡`©k Ki‡Z Verb Gi Present Continuous Tense e¨eüZ nq|
G‡ÿ‡Î fwel¨r mgqKvj, †hgb: next (week/ month/ year), today, tonight, tomorrow etc. D‡j¬L _v‡K|

12. Find out the tense of the following sentence: It is interesting. [RU D-Unit 06-07, F1-Unit 12-13]
A. Present indefinite B. Present continuous
C. Present perfect D. None of them Ans:A
13. Which of the sentence is in the future, even the verb is not future tense? [SUST C-Unit 09-10]
A. Maria is banana. B. John is flying for Germany next week.
C. He is probably watching TV. D. She has gone for some shopping. Ans:B
14. I am closing the door. [cwievi cwiKíbv Awa`ßi wnmveiÿK/ ¸`vg iÿK/ †Kvlva¨ÿ 2011]
A. Present Continuous B. Present Perfect
C. Future Perfect D. Present Indefinite Ans:A
15. Jamil ________ to school today. [DU A-Unit 03-04, RU D-Unit 07-08]
A. is not go B. is not going C. not going D. not to go Ans:B
16. I ________a crime-thriller now. [DU A-Unit 03-04]
A. read B. was reading C. had read D. am reading Ans:D
17. It’s 10 a.m. now. The sun _____ in the eastern sky. [†Rjv wbe©vPb Awdmvi I mnKvix mwPe-04]
A. has been shining B. is shining C. shines D. had been shining Ans:B
18. He ...... a letter to his father now. [CU C-Unit 08-09]
A. wrote B. write C. had written D. is writing Ans:D
19. Don’t be so impatient! ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯. [A Unit, DU-2015-16]

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A. I’m coming B. I have been coming C. I come D.I coming Ans:A
20. I am tired. I (go) _____ to bed now. Good night. [COU (B) 15-16]
A. will go B. am going C. go D. going Ans:B
21. Dr. Ridwan is busy. He _____ a patient right now. [BU (D) 14-15]
A. is seeing B. had seen C. was seeing D. sees Ans:A
Present Perfect Tense

‡Kvb KvR AZx‡Z m¤úvw`Z n‡q‡Q wKš‘ hvi djvdj eZ©gv‡b Av‡Q Giƒc eySv‡Z Present Perfect Tense nq|
AZx‡Z †h KvRwU GK ev GKvwaKevi n‡qwQj Ggb eySv‡j, Present Perfect Tense nq| †m‡ÿ‡Î ev‡K¨ two times/ three times/
four times/ five times, twice/ thrice, first/ second/ third /fourth time etc. D‡jøL _v‡K|
†Kvb Sentence G just, just now, already, yet, never, ever, lately, recently BZ¨vw` Adverb Ges so far (until now), up
to now, up to the present, by the time BZ¨vw` Adverbial Phrase _vK‡j Present Perfect Tense nq|
 ‘Already’ Affirmative Sentence- G e‡m Ges ‘yet’ Negative/ Interrogative Sentence-G e‡m| Z‡e Negative
meaning wb‡q Positive Sentence G e¨envi n‡Z cv‡i|
 Already kãwU mvaviYZ principal Ges auxiliary verb Gi gv‡S e‡m|
Example:
✓ He has already finished his homework.
✓ I haven't finished my homework yet.
✓ I have yet to finish my homework./ I haven’t yet finished my homework.
Superlative Degree Gi c‡i A‡bK mgq ever hy³ Present Perfect e¨eüZ nq|
Example: He is by far the best person I have ever known.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense:

‡Kvb KvR AZx‡Z ïiæ n‡q GLb ch©šÍ Pj‡Q Giƒc eySv‡Z Present Perfect Continuous Tense nq|
GB Tense-G KvRwU ‘AZx‡Zi †Kvb mg‡qi D‡jøL c~e©K GLb ch©šÍ Pj‡Q’ Giƒc D‡jøL _v‡K|
Present Perfect Continuous Tense Gi ev‡K¨ mvaviYZ since, for, how long BZ¨vw` D‡jøL _v‡K|
Since Vs. For
Since (n‡Z/†_‡K) + Point of time
For (a‡i) + Period of time
Examples: I have been writing the book since 2010.
I have been writing the book for 10 years.

22. Just now he _____ his dinner but he says he will see when he is finished. [24th BCS, JKKNIU D 18-19]
A. is having B. has had C. was having D. had Ans:B
23. The tense of verb in the sentence “She has broken the pot.” is: [RU Humanities 04-05]
A. Past indefinite B. Past continuous C. Present indefinite D. Present perfect Ans:D
24. †KvbwU Present Perfect Tense Gi D`vniY? [cÖv_wgK mnKvix wkÿK 2008]
A. I have had the news B. I have the news C. I shall have the news D. I had the news Ans:A
25. I have done my duty. The tense of this sentence is- [cwievi cwiK-bv Awa`ßi wnmveiÿK/¸`vg iÿK/†Kvlva¨ÿ-2011]
A. Present Indefinite B. Present Perfect C. Past Perfect D. Present Continuous Ans:B
26. Which one is present perfect tense? [RvZxq ivR¯^ †ev‡W©i mnKvix ivR¯^ Kg©KZ©v 2012]
A. I am reading B. I have read C. I read D. I have been reading Ans:B
27. Which one is present perfect tense? [RvZxq ivR¯^ †ev‡W©i mnKvix ivR¯^ Kg©KZ©v 2015]
A. I am walking B. I have walked C. I walk D. I walked Ans:B
28. He has just _____ out. [DU (D) 02-03, `y‡h©vM e¨e¯’vcbv Awa`߇ii Awdm mnKvix-19]
A. gone B. went C. going D. getting Ans:A
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29. He _____ out just now. [RU (Marketing) 08-09, DcmnKvix cÖ‡KŠkjx (wmwfj)-15]
A. went B. goes C. has gone D. went away Ans:C
30. I ____ him only one letter up to now. [PSC (AD) -06, JKKNIU (A)15-16, cÖv_wgK mnKvix wkÿK (4_©)-19]
A. sent B. have sent C. shall send D. had sent Ans:B
31. We have never _____ a car. [BRUR (F) 15-16]
A. have B. had C. will have D. have been Ans:B
32. I ______her since 2010. [CU B1 (Charming, Drama & Music) 20-21]
A. have been knowing B. have known C. know D. knew Ans. A
33. They (to dig) the canal for a week. [Cash Officer (Uttara Bank) 2008, RU B-Unit 08-09,10-11]
A. were digging B. are digging C. dug D. have been digging Ans:D
34. He has been ill______Friday last. [BCS 26th]
A. from B. on C. in D. since Ans:D
35. The baby _____ since morning. [DU (B) 02-03]
A. has been crying B. has cried C. cries D. have been crying Ans:A
36. How long _____ English? [Bangladesh Bank-10, CU (E) 08-09, (I) 13-14]
A. have you learnt B. do you learn C. you learn D. have you been learning Ans:D
37. My parents _____ in this house since last year. [KU (cÖhyw³we`¨v ¯‹zj)]
B. had been living B. is living C. were living D. have been living Ans:D
38. It _____ since early morning. [c~evjx e¨vsK (Rywbqi Awdmvi)-12]
A. is raining B. rained C. was raining D. has been raining Ans:D
39. Choose the correct sentence in the following. [NU (gvbweK) 03-04, CU (D) 14-15]
A. How long are you wearing glasses?
B. How long have you been wearing glasses.
C. How long you wear glasses.
D. How long you are wearing glasses. Ans:B
40. I have been reading Crime and Punishment_________ the last twenty days. [DU D-Unit 96-97]
A. since B. for C. from D. until. Ans:B
41. It has been raining________last Tuesday. [BSBR-2004]
A. for B. to C. since D. on Ans:C

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Past Indefinite Tense

‡Kvb KvR AZxZ Kv‡j m¤úvw`Z n‡q‡Q Ges hvi djvdj eZ©gv‡b †bB Giƒc eySv‡Z Past Indefinite Tense nq|
GB Tense-G KvRwU AZx‡Zi †Kvb mg‡qi D‡jøL D‡jøL _v‡K|
Past Indefinite Tense-G * yesterday, last night, last year, last week, last month, *ago, for a while, *it is time,
*it is high time, *wish, *long since, once etc. D‡jøL _v‡K|

Previous Years’ Questions

01. I read an interesting book few days ago. (Identify the tense) [RU A-Unit 06-07]
A. Present indefinite B. Present perfect C. Past indefinite D. Past perfect Ans:C
02. Could you please help me? Here ‘could’ is used as – [RbmsL¨v I cwievi Kj¨vY Kg©KZ©v 2009]
A. Present tense B. Present continuous tense
C. Past tense D. Past continuous tense Ans:C
03. Would you mind having a cup of tea? is a sentence in- [RU F-Unit 09-10, 10-11]
A. Present tense B. Present continuous tense
C. Past tense D. Past continuous tense Ans:C
04. ‘Past Indefinite Tense’ means - [IU C-Unit 14-15]
A. To express an action just finished
B. A single act in the past
C. An action was being done in the past
D. An action completed before another past action Ans:B
05. Choose the correct option: Last night an accident _____ [NU (gvbweK) 13-14]
A. was happened B. happen C. happened D. would happen Ans:C
06. Raju _____ here yesterday. [Lv`¨ cwi`k©K/Dc-Lv`¨ cwi`k©K-11]
A. come B. came C. will come D. has come Ans:B
07. He (give) a lecture yesterday. [RU 03-04]
A. given B. will give C. gave D. is giving Ans:C
08. You _____ to watch the game yesterday, did you? [CU (E) 04-05, (D) 05-06]
A. have gone B. didn’t go C. haven’t gone D. hadn’t gone Ans:B
09. They _____ across the river last year. [DU A 04-05, RU (f~‡Mvj) 06-07]
A. have swum B. has swum C. swam D. have been swimming Ans:C
10. He _____ go to his office yesterday. [gnv-wnmve wbixÿK I wbqš¿‡Ki Kvh©vj‡qi Aaxb AwWUi-15]
A. does not B. did not C. do not D. has not Ans:B
11. Her father (come) home last week. [IU (C) 14-15]
A. has been coming B. has come C. had come D. came E. is coming Ans:D
12. Which one is correct? [RbmsL¨v I cwievi Kj¨vY Kg©KZ©v-09, RU (E, ‡Rvo) 15-16, NSI-Gi wdì Awdmvi-17, WvK Awa`߇ii wewìs Ifviwkqvi-18, miKvix
gva¨wgK mnKvix wkÿK-19]
A. The old man was died yesterday B. The old man had died yesterday
C. The old man has died yesterday D. The old man died yesterday Ans:D
13. Identify the correct sentence. [evsjv‡`k e¨vsK (AD)-01, 36th BCS, cjøx mÂq e¨vsK (K¨vk Awdmvi)-18]
A. Yesterday, he has gone home B. Yesterday, he did gone home
C. Yesterday, he had gone home D. Yesterday, he went home Ans:D
14. Which one is the correct sentence? [moK cwienb I †mZz gš¿Yvj‡qi Dc-mnKvix cÖ‡KŠkjx (hvwš¿K)-19]
A. He has come last night B. He had come last night
C. He had been comeing last night D. He came last night Ans:D
15. The old man _____ last Monday. [cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`߇ii wnmve mnKvix-13]
A. has died B. dead C. died D. had died Ans:C

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Past Continuous Tense

‡Kvb KvR AZxZ Kv‡j PjwQj Giƒc eySv‡j evK¨wU Past Continuous Tense nq|
When & While:
AZxZKv‡ji `ywU Clause hw` As/while/when Øviv hy³ nq Zvn‡j Zv‡`i GKwU‡Z Past Continuous Ges AciwU‡Z Past Indefinite
Tense nq| G‡ÿ‡Î GKwU KvR PjvKv‡j Ab¨ KvRwU msNwUZ nq Giƒc A_© †`q|

Previous Years’ Questions

16. The girl.......in the lake but someone dived in and rescued her. [DU B-Unit 96-97]
A. drowned B. was drowning
C. will have been drowning D. had drowned Ans:B
17. I was reading a novel. Identify the tense. [cwievi cwiKíbv mnKvix/cwi`k©K Ges cwievi Kj¨vY mnKvix-2011]
A. Past Continuous B. Present Continuous
C. Future Continuous D. Past Indefinite Ans:A
18. ‘The Past Continuous Tense’ means- [IUC-Unit 14-15]
A. An action was being done in the past B. A single act in the past
C. Action has been going on for something D. An action just finished Ans: C
19. When she arrived home after a hard day at work____. [CU (D1) 15-16]
A. her husband has been sleeping B. her husband was sleeping
C. her husband had slept D. her husband has slept Ans:B
20. While the man ____ in the field, suddenly a dog came and ____ him. [DU (B) 14-15]
A. was, bit B. was working, bit C. worked, bitten D. was working, bite Ans:B
21. What ____ at ten o’clock when I phoned? [BU (B) 14-15]
A. did you do B. you were doing C. were you doing D. did you do Ans:C
22. I ____ TV when the telephone rang. [CU (G) 14-15, 15-16]
A. was watching B. watched C. are watching D. were watching Ans:A
23. We ____ TV when the telephone rang. [AMÖYx e¨vsK-08]
A. was watching B. watched C. are watching D. were watching Ans:D
24. While he ____ in the garden, a snake bit him. [12Zg cÖfvlK wbeÜb-15, IFIC Bank (ATO) 18]
A. walked B. walks C. is walking D. was walking Ans:D
25. My uncle arrived while I ____ the dinner. [24 BCS, ÷¨vÛvW© e¨vsK-12, iƒcvjx e¨vsK-13 14Zg cÖfvlK wbeÜb-17]
th

A. would cook B. had cooked C. cook D. was cooking Ans:D

26. While you ____ in the garden, someone arrived at home. [evsjv‡`k e¨vsK (mn. cwiPvjK)-13]
A. were working B. had worked C. will work D. will be working Ans:A
27. She caught them while they ____. [AMÖbx e¨vsK (Awdmvi)-08]
A. was talked B. were talking C. did talked D. is talking Ans:B
28. It ____ when I reached home. [cÖv_wgK mnKvix wkÿK-03]
A. had raining B. is raining C. was raining D. has been raining Ans:C
29. It ____ heavily when he ____ up. [DU (A)12-13]
A. had snowed, woke B. snoes, wake
C. was snowing, woke D. is snowing, wakes Ans:C
30. When I looked out of the window, ____. [BU (A)14-15]
A. it was raining B. it rained C. it’s raining D. it were raining Ans:A

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Past Perfect Tense

AZxZKv‡j `ywU KvR m¤úbœ n‡q _vK‡j †hwU Av‡M msNwUZ n‡qwQj Zvi Past perfect Ges †hwU c‡i msNwUZ n‡qwQj Zvi Past Indefinite
Tense nq|
When Øviv ev‡K¨i `ywU Ask hy³ n‡j when Gi Av‡M Past perfect nq Ges c‡i Past Indefinite Tense nq|
Before Øviv ev‡K¨i `ywU Ask hy³ n‡j Before Gi Av‡M Past perfect nq Ges c‡i Past Indefinite Tense nq|
After Øviv ev‡K¨i `ywU Ask hy³ n‡j After Gi Av‡M Past Indefinite nq Ges c‡i Past perfect Tense nq|

wet `ªt ev‡K¨ When/ Before/ After bv _vK‡jI AZx‡Z m¤úbœ n‡q hvIqv `ywU Kv‡Ri †hwU Av‡M N‡U‡Q †mwU Past perfect Avi Ab¨wU
Past Indefinite Tense n‡e|
Previous Years’ Questions
31. The construction of past perfect follows ..... [†Uwj‡dvb †ev‡W©i mnKvix cwiPvjK 2004]
A. I have spoken B. He has eaten C. I have gone D. He had spoken the truth Ans:D
32. The patient had died before the doctor came. †Kvb Tense Gi D`vniY? [Islami Bank Officer 2006]
A. Past and present B. Present prefect C. Past perfect D. Past perfect continuous Ans:C
33. The patient had died. Which form of tense does the sentence represent? [RU E-Unit 09-10]
A. Present perfect B. Past indefinite C. Past perfect D. Future perfect Ans:C
34. An intensive search was conducted by the detective to locate those criminals, who _____. [20th BCS, evsjv‡`k
†Uwjwfk‡bi weÁvcb AMÖvwaKvwiK (†MÖW-2)-06, CU (E-Law) 15-16, RU (B-Law) 15-16]
A. have had secaped B. had escaped C. are escaping D. have been escaping Ans:B
35. He _____ there for three years when she joined the company. [CH (H) 11-12]
A. worked B. working C. had worked D. have worked Ans:C
36. She _____ a nurse when she decided to qualify as a doctor. [CU (D) 04-05]
A. has been B. is being C. is D. had been Ans:D
37. It was not until she _____ home when she remembered her appointment with the doctor. [CU (D1) 15-16]
A. arrives B. arrived C. had arrived D. have arrived Ans:C
38. Mary _____ her homework when we arrived. So we all went out for the evening. [CU (E) 05-06]
A. has finished B. is finishing C. had finished D. was finished Ans:C
39. We asked him why he _____ telephoned earlier. [evsjv‡`k e¨vsK-08]
A. did not B. has not C. had not D. would not E. was not Ans:C
40. She bought a new phone because her old one _____ down. [BRUR (A)14-15]
A. broke B. had broken C. has broken D. was broken Ans:B
41. He thanked me for what I (do). [RU 06-07]
A. doing B. had done C. have done D. done Ans:B
42. The thief said that he was ashamed of what he _____. [BU (A)12-13]
A. has done B. did C. had done D. done Ans:C
43. The man waiting to take the test was nervous. He _____ it before. [CU (B1) 15-16]
A. hasn’t taken B. didn’t took C. wasn’t taking D. hadn’t taken Ans:D
44. The man sitting beside the window was nervous. he _____ before. [CU (F-1) 15-16]
A. hasn’t flown B. didn’t fly C. hadn’t flown D. wasn’t flying Ans:C
45. Rahim _______ his work by the time his friends arrived. [DU A-Unit 00-01]
A. will finish B. had finished C. have finished D. could finish Ans:B
No sooner.......than, Scarcely.....when, Hardly.....when BZ¨vw` Øviv `ywU Clause hy³ n‡j 1g Clause wUi Verb Past Perfect
Tense, 2q Clause wUi Verb Gi Simple Past Tense nq|

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46. No sooner had we .... at the station than the train left. [IU F-Unit 04-05]
A. arrived B. arriving C. arrive D. arrival Ans:A
47. No sooner had the teacher ....... the class than the students stood up. [RU D-Unit 08-09]
A. enter B. entering C. entered D. was entering Ans:C
48. Hardly had we reached school.......[12Zg wkÿK wbeÜb 2015]
A. when the bell rang B. than the bell rang
C. the bell rang D. after the bell ringing Ans:A
Past Perfect Continuous Tense

AZx‡Z †Kvb GKwU KvR msNU‡bi c~‡e© AviI KvR PjwQj Giƒc eySv‡j Av‡M msNwUZ KvRwU Past Perfect Continuous Tense nq Avi
c‡i msNwUZ KvRwU Past Indefinite Tense G nq|
Before Øviv hy³ n‡j Past perfect cont.+ Before + Past indefinite
Ab¨w`‡K, After Øviv hy³ n‡j Past indefinite + After + Past perfect cont.

Previous Years’ Questions

49. Past Perfect Continuous form of ‘I eat’ is- [IU B-Unit 12-13]
A. I have eater B. I shall be eating C. I had been eating D. I am eating Ans:C
50. The boys had been playing before the teacher came. Choose the form of tense: [IU B-Unit 08-09]
A. Past Perfect Continuous B. Past Perfect
C. Past Indefinite D. Present Perfect Continuous Ans:A
51. Choose the correct option:
Women had been demanding the right to vote for many years before____. [DU B-Unit 99-00]
A. they finally get it B. they finally gotten it
C. they finally got it D. they finally gets it Ans:C
52. Rahim ______ for new roommate before he, finally, succeeded. [DU A-Unit 01-02, 06-07, kªg gš¿bvj‡qi Aax‡b mnKvix
cwiPvjK 2005]
A. has been looking B. will be looking C. had been looking D. has looked Ans:C
53. She had been........as much money as she could for the rainy days. [DU C-Unit 03-04]
A. safe-keeping B. savings C. save D. saving E. spending Ans:D
54. The rain started after we_______for about half an hour. [CU E-Unit 04-05]
A. have been playing B. were playing C. played D. had been playing Ans:D
55. When I finally arrived at the party at 10 pm, Mita was annoyed with me because I was late and she
.______ for a very long time. [DU D-Unit 06-07]
A. had been waiting B. waited C. is waiting D. has waiting Ans:A
56. She _____ from flu when she was interviewed. [DU A-Unit 11-12]
A. has been suffering B. suffered C. had suffered D. had been suffering Ans:D
57. When we arrived, a crowd______for several hours to greet him. [CU D-Unit 11-12]
A. had been waiting B. is waiting C. has been waiting D. was waiting Ans:A

Future Indefinite Tense

 mvaviYfv‡e fwel¨‡Z †Kvb KvR m¤úvw`Z n‡e Giƒc eySv‡j KvRwU Future Indefinite Tense-G n‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î ev‡K¨ mvaviYZ
fwel¨r wb‡`©kK kã _v‡K| †hgb: Tomorrow, next month, next week, next year A_ev fwel¨‡Zi †Kvb mgq|
 `ywU fwel¨r Kv‡ji KvR when Øviv hy³ n‡j when Gi c‡i Present Indefinite Ges Aci AskwU Future Indefinite nq|
Example: When you eat rice, I will bring chocolate/ I will bring chocolate when you eat rice.

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Previous Years’ Questions

58. I (leave) tomorrow. (Avwg AvMvgxKvj P‡j hve|) [RU Economics 03-04]
A. shall leaving B. am left C. shall leave D. leave Ans:C
59. Special players_____ offered for victims next Friday. [NU Humanities 04-05]
A. were being B. having been C. had been D. will be Ans:D
60. We _____ dinner together tomorrow. (AvMvgxKvj Avgiv GKmv‡_ iv‡Zi Lvevi Lv‡ev) [NU Business Studies 14-15]
A. will have B. would be have C. have D. will have had Ans:A
61. When I_____money, I will buy a dictionary. [DU D-Unit 97-98]
A. may get B. may be got C. will get D. get Ans:D
62. Complete the sentence. I will phone you when I _____ the news. [DU D-Unit 01-02, MYgva¨g BbwówUD‡Ui mnKvix cwiPvjK
(MY‡hvMv‡hvM cÖwkÿY) 2003, JKKNIU C-Unit 11-12]
A. am getting B. get C. will get D. will be getting Ans:B
63. He will explain it when he (come) back. [RU G-Unit 06-07]
A. coming B. came C. comes D. will come Ans:C
64. I shall meet my friend when_____ . [JnU B-Unit 10-11]
A. he will come B. he came C. he comes D. he will have come Ans:C
65. I will phone Bahar as soon as I_____any news. [A Unit, DU-15-16]
A. will hear B. heard C. hear D. would hear Ans:C

Future Continuous Tense

fwel¨‡Z †Kvb KvR Pj‡Z _vK‡e Giƒc eySv‡j ‡mwU Future Continuous Tense G n‡e|
68. Find out the tense of the following sentence: Will he be driving a car then? [RU D-Unit 07-08]
A. Future indefinite B. Future continuous
C. Future perfect D. Future perfect continuous Ans:B

Future Perfect Tense

fwel¨r mgq ÁvcK, †hgb- by + future time, by then, by that time, by the end of + future time etc. Øviv Future Perfect
Tense cÖKvk Kiv nq|
ev‡K¨ fwel¨r mgq ÁvcK by the time Øviv `ywU hy³ n‡j (future indefinite/ perfect/ perfect continuous + by the time +
present indefinite) nq|
ev‡K¨ fwel¨r mgq ÁvcK before Øviv `ywU hy³ n‡j (future indefinite/ perfect + before + present indefinite) nq|
ev‡K¨ fwel¨r mgq ÁvcK by the time Øviv `ywU hy³ n‡j (future indefinite + by the time + present perfect) nq|

Previous Years’ Questions

66. By the time he arrives, we ____ our homework. [JKKNIU (A)15-16, CU (D1 & D2) 16-17]
A. will have finish B. are finished C. have finished D. will have finished Ans:D
67. By this time next month, the government _____ resigned. [DU D 06-07]
A. would have B. will have C. will D. have Ans:B
68. By the middle of the twenty first century, the computer _____ a necessity in every home. [IU (F) 13-14, DU
(B) 16-17]
A. become B. becoming C. has become D. will have become Ans:D
69. By 2020, I _____ for this farm 15 years. [DU (B) 01-02, BRUR (BBA) 10-11, JKKNIU (D) 18-19]
A. will be working B. will work C. have worked D. will have worked Ans:D
70. Next month I _____ John for 20 years. [DU (A)11-12]
A. will have known B. know C. am knowing D. will have been knowing Ans:A
71. _____ you get this letter I’ll be in New Zeland. [RU (D-AevwYR¨) 15-16]
A. As soon as B. By the time C. Whenever D. Until Ans:B
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72. By the time I get to Khulna this evening, I ____ more than three hundred miles. [DU (A)13-14]
A. will driving B. will be driving
C. will have been driven D. will have been driving Ans:D
73. Thousands of people will see the art exhibition by the time it _____. [BU (D) 13-14]
A. will close B. closes C. would colse D. closed Ans:B
74. Most of the students will have taken sixty credits by the time they _____.[NU (Science) 13-14]
A. graduate B. graduated C. graduating D. have graduated Ans:A
75. She will have finished the job before ____. [RU 06-07, CU (G) 16-17]
A. he come B. he came C. ha has come D. he comes Ans:D
76. We shall return before the sun ____. [cÖv_wgK mnKvix wkÿK-05, PSTU (BSc) 10-11, K…wl m¤úªmviY Awa`߇i mnKvix K…wl Kg©KZ©v-16, cwimsL¨vb
ey¨‡ivi WvUv Gw›U Acv‡iUi-16]
A. sets B. will set C. is setting D. set Ans:A
77. I shall write to him before he (return). [RU (e¨e¯’vcbv) 03-04, RU (D, AevwYR¨) 16-17]
A. return B. returns C. had return D. shall return Ans:B
78. Chose the right tense: My friend _____ before I come. [KU 07-08]
A. will leave B. had left C. had been leaving D. would be leaving Ans:A
79. We shall _____ the work before he comes. [`yb©xwZ `gb ey¨‡ivi cwi`k©K-03, mnKvix Dc-cwi`k©K-04]
A. finish B. have finished C. finished D. be finishing Ans:B
80. The train _____ before we reach the station. [`yb©xwZ `gb ey¨‡ivi mnKvix cwi`k©K-04]
A. will be left B. has left C. will have left D. had left Ans:C
81. I’ll come round to your place _____. [BU (B) 13-14]
A. after I do my work B. when I do my work
C. later I do my work D. after I’ve done my work Ans:D

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Principal Clause Gi Tense Abyhvqx Subordinate Clause-Gi Tense wba©viY‡K Sequence of Tense e‡j|
Principal Clause-wU hw` Present/ Future Tense-G _v‡K Z‡e Sub-ordinate Clause wU ‡h‡Kvb Tense-G n‡Z cv‡i|
wKš‘ Principal Clause Gi Verb wU Past Tense G _vK‡j Sub-ordinate Clause Gi Verb wUI Past Tense n‡e| mvaviYZ That,
What, Which, Where, When, Which, How, Though, Although, Since, As, If, Unless BZ¨vw` Gi c‡i Sub-ordinate
Clause e‡m|

Independent Clause Dependent Clause Example

1. Present Tense Present Tense He says that he is reading a book now.
Past Tense She says that she was at the class last night.
Future Tense Hasan says that he will go to Khulna next year.
2. Past Tense Past Tense Mr. Rahman told that he would finish his project
next month.
3. Past Tense Present Indefinite 1. The teacher told the class that the earth moves
Tense (Universal round the sun.
Truth _vK‡j) 2. Ancient people believed that the sun moved round the
sun. (GLv‡b Subordinate Clause wU Past n‡q‡Q| KviY AZx‡Z
†Kvb GK mgq Statement wU mZ¨ g‡b Kiv nZ| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b Zv fzj
cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q Ges Zv GLb Avi Universal truth bv)
4. Future Tense Present Tense She will have to complete her assignment by the time friends
(Time Conjunction come.
_vK‡j GB wbqg cÖ‡hvR¨
n‡e)
Past Tense He is going to form a cricket club where he could have spent
some time.
5. And, Or, But GB Conjunction ¸‡jv me©`v GKB Tense †K hy³ Ki‡e|
Ex. She likes his Pet dog but it does not like her.
hw` evK¨wU Conditional Sentence nq, Zvn‡j Conditional Gi Structure AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e|
If water is heated to 212 degree F, it boils and escapes as steam.
If I know, I will help you.
If I knew, I would help you.
If I had known, I would have helped you.

Previous Years’ Questions

01. When I saw her leaving in a hurry, I____her where she was going. [DU D-Unit 95-96]
A. have asked B. was asking C. asked D. had asked Ans:C
02. Galileo taught that the earth ____ around the sun. [DU B-Unit 96-97]
A. revolves B. revolved C. will be revolving D. have been revolving Ans:A
03. An intensive search was conducted by the detective to locate those criminals who_______. [20th BCS]
A. have had escaped B. had escaped C. are escaping D. have been escaping Ans:B

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04. As the sun ____, I decided to go out. [24th BCS, 26th BCS, ivRkvnx K…wl Dbœqb e¨vs‡Ki K¨vwkqvi 2010]
A. has shone B. shine C. shines D. was shining Ans:D
05. I asked him if he ____his lessons. [DU D-Unit 99-00]
A. has prepared B. is preparing C. has been preparing D. had prepared Ans:D
06. Hello, Bashir. I didn’t expect to see you today. You said you____ill. [DU B-Unit 01-02]
A. are B. were C. was D. should be Ans:B
07. He said that he ____ .[RU D-Unit 09-10]
A. is going B. has gone C. was going D. has been going Ans:C
08. It seemed that ____. (g‡b nj w`bwU KL‡bvB †kl n‡e bv) [gva¨wgK ¯‹zj mnKvix wkÿK 2003]
A. the day will never end B. the day would never end
C. the day never ends D. the day never ended Ans:B
09. They ____ expensive combs, she knew. [PSC 2004]
A. were B. are C. have been D. had been Ans:A
10. Wait here until I____you. [CU D-Unit 04-05]
A. will call B. am calling C. am going to call D. call Ans:D
11. I should have told him but I’m afraid I____. [CU E-Unit 04-05]
A. don't B. didn’t C. hadn’t D. hasn’t Ans:B
12. ‘He will arrive as soon as he____. Which of the following is the best clause in the sentence? [CU A-Unit 06-07]
A. gets the news B. will get the news C. got the news D. has got the news Ans:A
13. Nobody knew that he ____ face a crisis. [NBR-Gi mnKvix Kg©KZ©v-15]
A. can B. may C. will D. would Ans:D
14. As we walked, he____the meaning of the book. [CoU Combined Test 07-08]
A. explaining B. explain C. explained D. explanation Ans:C
15. Which one is the correct sentence? [RbmsL¨v I cwievi Kj¨vY Kg©KZ©v 2009]
A. He said that the earth goes round the sun.
B. He said that the earth went round the sun.
C. He said that the earth had gone round the sun.
D. He had said that the earth had been going round the sun. Ans:A
16. When Belal called me I ____ that we____ fishing soon. [DU C-Unit 09-10]
A. remembered/ had gone B. was remembering/ would be going
C. remembered/ would go D. remember/ will be going Ans:C
17. Which sentence is correct? [DU D-Unit 09-10]
A. When the police seen the thief, he ran away.
B. When the thief saw the police, he ran away.
C. When the thief see the police, he ran away.
D. When the thief sees the police, he ran away. Ans:B
18. Which one is correct? [iv.we, weweG 2009-10]
A. He is thought that it is raining.
B. He thought that it will be raining.
C. He thought that it will rain.
D. He thought that it would rain. Ans:D

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Sentence- wU hw` Present Indefinite Tense-G _v‡K Zvn‡j Verb- Gi †k‡l s ev es ‡hvM Ki‡Z nq| Sentence- wUi Subject
hw` 3rd person Ges Singular Number nq Zvn‡j Verb Singular nq|
Had better, had rather, would better, would rather, let, must, need, dare BZ¨vw`i ci cÖ`Ë verb Gi Base form
nq Ges cÖ`Ë verb Gi c~‡e© to _vK‡j D³ to D‡V hvq|
†hgb- You had better go home. I will not let you enter the class room.

Previous Years’ Questions

01. Teacher said, ÔÔThe earth ____ round the sun.” [36th BCS]
A. moves B. moved C. has moved D. will be moving
02. The man seldom (smoke). [HSTU (C) 14-15]
A. to smoke B. has somked C. smokes D. smoking
03. He ______ up at 7 O’clock every morning. [RU (MY‡hvMv‡hvM) 06-07]
A. got B. getting C. get D. gets
04. Travelers .......... their reservations well in advance if they want to fly during the eid holidays. [18th BCS,
32nd BCS]
A. had better to get B. had to get better C. had better get D. had better got
05. The day from the village said `I ........ starve than beg. [13th BCS]
A. better B. rather C. would rather D. would better
06. We____ hire a rickshaw. It’s already too late. [RU, B, Other 19-20]
A. had to B. would rather C. had better D. had though
07. Seema had better____ if she does not want to miss the train. [CU, D 19-20]
A. hurry B. to hurry C. hurrying D. hurried
Dc‡iv³ cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi K¬v‡m ‡`Iqv n‡e|

WH Question Gi †ÿ‡Î W.H word mg~n, †hgb: what, when, where, who, which, whose, why, how BZ¨vw` _vK‡j
W.H word Ges Subject Gi gv‡S Auxiliary Verb e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
†hgb- Why did Latika laugh at me? What do you want?
Sentence-G hw` has, have, had _v‡K ev having Zvn‡j Verb Gi Past Participle form nq|
†hgb-He has done the work. We have made him captain.

08. Choose the correct sentence- (DU C Unit 2012-13)

A. Why you have done this? B. Why did you have done this?
C. Why have you done this? D. Why you had done this? Ans:C
09. Why ⎯⎯⎯ accept my proposal?
A. do not she B. did not she C. did not him D. does not you Ans:B
10. Having ____ the job, I returned from office.
A. done B. do C. doing D. will do Ans:A
11. I ____ him only one letter up to now. [PSC (AD) -06, JKKNIU (A)15-16, cÖv_wgK mnKvix wkÿK (4_©)-19]
A. sent B. have sent C. shall send D. had sent Ans:B
12. We have never _____ a car. [BRUR (F) 15-16]
A. have B. had C. will have D. have been Ans:B

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13. _____ you ever been to Mexico City? [NU (e¨emvq wkÿv) 13-14]
A. Had B. Have C. Were D. Would Ans:B
14. He has just _____ out. [DU (D) 02-03, `y‡h©vM e¨e¯’vcbv Awa`߇ii Awdm mnKvix-19]
A. gone B. went C. going D. getting Ans:A
15. Just now he _____ his dinner but he says he will see when he is finished. [24th BCS, JKKNIU D 18-19]
A. is having B. has had C. was having D. had Ans:B
16. I _____ finished my letter yet. [DU (A) 06-07]
A. am not B. had not C. have not D. did not Ans:C
17. I have not yet (to drink) the glass of milk. [RU (mgvRweÁvb) 08-09]
A. drunk B. drink C. drinking D. will drink Ans:A
18. ÔÔHave you ever _____ in ice cool water.” [CU (A) 05-06]
A. swimming B. swim C. swum D. swam Ans:C

Sentence Gi ïiy‡Z would that _vK‡j Subject Gi c‡i could e‡m Ges cª`Ë Verb Gi Base form e‡m KviY Zv KvíwbK NUbv
cÖKvk K‡i|
†hgb- Would that I could go to college.
 It is high time, it is time, wish, fancy BZ¨vw` _vK‡j cieZ©x As‡ki Past indefinite tense nq|
†hgb- I fancy I turned pale I wish I sang a song.
It is high time he changed his bad habits.

19. Would that ⎯⎯⎯ the lottery.

A. me could have win B. I could have win
C. I could won D. I could win
20. Choose the correct sentence. [CU B Unit, 04-05]
A. Would that I could enter the palace!
B. Would that I had been in the palace!
C. Would that I have been in the palace!
D. Would that I should entered the palace!
21. Would that I ____ to college.
A. can go B. shall go C. could go D. might have gone
22. It is high time he (change) his bad habits. [7g cÖfvlK wbeÜb-11,12 Zg cÖfvlK wbeÜb-15]
A. changing B. has changed C. changed D. has been changing
23. It’s time (you realize) your mistakes. [13 BCS] th

A. you realized B. that you realized C. you would realize D. you have realize
24. I wish I ....... you ten years earlier [Bwe-17]
A. met B. have met C. had met D. would have met
25. I wish today .......... Friday. [6ô †emiKvix cÖfvlK]
A. am B. was C. have D. were
26. It is high time we ⎯ the people conscious about our national interest. (C Unit 2013-14)
A. should make B. will make C. must make D. have to E. made
27. It is high time we −−− the people conscious about our national interest. (D Unit 2009-10)
A. should make B. made C. must make D. will make
28. It is high time we ⎯⎯⎯ a group.
A. formed B. form C. forming D. former
Dc‡iv³ cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi K¬v‡m ‡`Iqv n‡e|

†h mKj Sentence-G Be verb †bB, Zv‡`i‡K Negative ev Interrogative Ki‡Z n‡j

Tense I Subject Abymv‡i do, does ev did e¨envi Ki‡Z nq|
†hgb- The boy does not smoke.
Did Tasnova and Tamuna come to my room yesterday?

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29. Do you ____ the bell ringing? [DU (A) 03-04]
A. hear B. can hear C. hearing D. heard Ans:A
30. Don’t ____ mountains into mole hills. [DU (A) 03-04]
A. make B. made C. making D. having make Ans:A
 Lest hy³ sentence-G lest Gi c‡i †h subject _v‡K Zvi c‡i should/ might e‡m|
†hgb- He ran fast lest he should miss the train.
 Am, is, are, was, were BZ¨vw` be verb-Gi ci Passive Voice Gi †ÿ‡Î Verb-Gi Past Participle nq|
†hgb-The book was stolen from my table.
The construction of the building has been completed.
Previous Year’s Questions
31. He ran fast lest he …...... miss the train. [26th BCS]
A. can B. could C. should D. would Ans: C
32. The thief who broke into our house was ––––– by our pet dog. (DU D Unit 2006-2007)
A. bited B. biten C. bitten D. bitted Ans:C
33. She ⎯⎯⎯ for ⎯⎯⎯ with bank robbery.
A. was arrest, her involvement B. was arrested, her involvement
C. were arrested, her involvement D. was arrested, he involvement Ans:B
34. Walk fast lest you _______ miss the train. [ivRkvnx K…wl Dbœqb e¨vsK-15]
A. can B. could C. would D. should Ans: D
35. I told / explained him everything lest he ____ misunderstand me. [CU (E) 06-07, (B) 09-10, (A)15-16]
A. would B. could C. should D. must E. can Ans:C
36. The old man walks slowly lest ____. [11Zg wkÿK wbeÜb (¯‹zj/mgch©vq 2)-14]
A. he falls B. he may fall
C. he fell down D. he should fall Ans:D
37. I have shut the door lest a thief ____ enter into my room. [mÂq cwi`߇ii mnKvix cwiPvjK-07]
A. may B. could C. would D. should Ans:D
38. Keep watch on my bag lest the thief ____ steal it. [NU (weÁvb) 07-08]
A. may not B. should C. should not D. cannot Ans:B
39. Choose the correct sentence. [DU (D) 09-10]
A. He disguised himself lest he be recognized.
B. He was disguised lest he should be recognized.
C. He disguised lest he be recognized.
D. He disguised himself lest he can be recognized. Ans:B
40. I told him everything lest he ____. [6ô cÖfvlK wbeÜb-10]
A. misunderstood me B. should misunderstand me
C. should not misunderstand me D. misunderstand me Ans:B

 AZxZKv‡ji `ywU KvR hw` as soon as Øviv hy³ Zvn‡j `ywU KvRB Past Indefinite Tense G n‡e|
41. I opened the door as soon as I______ the bell. [24th BCS, PSC-i mnKvix mwPe 2004, BRUR F-Unit 14-15]
A. have heard B. was hearing C. am heard D. heard Ans:D
42. As soon as I came in, she____ the room. (Avwg N‡i XyKvgvÎB †m †ewi‡q †Mj) [CU E-Unit 09-10]
A. was leaving B. had let C. left D. had been leaving E. leaving Ans:C
43. Find out the correct sentence. (Avgv‡K †`Lv gvÎB †m Kuv`‡Z jvM‡jv) [JnU C-Unit 11-12]
A. As soon as he saw me, he began to cry. B. As soon as he is seeing me he began to cry.
C. As soon as he see me he began to cry. D. As soon as he saw me he is crying. Ans:A

Present indefinite/ present perfect + since + past indefinite

Past indefinite + since + past perfect

44. Nothing ____ since he was no leave. [COU (A)19-20]
A. is done B. was done C. will be done D. has been done Ans:D
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45. Many years have passed since _____. [JKKNIU (Kjv I gvbweK) 12-13]
A. I met you last B. I meet you last
C. I would meet you last D. I had met you last Ans:A
46. I _____ to meet you since I read your first novel. [DU (B) 10-11, cÖvK-cÖv_wgK mnKvix wkÿK (†WjUv)-14]
A. hope B. have hoped C. am hoping D. have been hoping Ans:B
47. It is many years since _____. [11Zg wkÿK wbeÜb (2)-14]
A. I meet you B. I met you C. I help you D. I have met you Ans:B
48. It was long since ____. [RbcÖkvmb gš¿Yvj‡qi e¨w³MZ Kg©KZ©v-16]
A. we had been meeting B. we were meeting last
C. we had met last D. we last met Ans:C
49. It _____ five days since he _____ missing. [DU (A)06-07]
A. was, has been B. was, was C. has been, is D. has been went Ans:D
50. It was long since ____. [WvK, †Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM I Z_¨cÖhyw³ gš¿Yvj‡qi mnKvix †cÖvMÖvgvi-17]
A. I had seen you B. I see you C. I saw you D. I have seen you Ans:A
51. Many years have passed since I ____ my friend. [miKvwi cÖv_wgK mnKvix wkÿK-06]
A. had met B. met C. meet D. have been met Ans:B
52. Five years (to pass) since I met you last. [RU 08-09, (BBA-AevwYR¨) 09-10]
A. are passed B. passed C. have passed D. had passed Ans:C
53. Jerry ____ at the orphanage since he was four. [DU B Unit, 99-00, CU (B7) 14-15]
A. is B. has been C. is being D. had been Ans:D

English Foundation

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Let’s learn

If he comes, I shall/ will/ can/ may/ must go.

I shall/ will/ can/ may/ must go if he comes.
If water freezes, it becomes cold. (Present Tense)
If water freezes, it will become cold. (Future Tense)
If she ate sweets, she would lose weight.
If I had money, I would give you.
If I had enough money, I would/ could/ might help you.
If I were you, I would/ could/ might go there.
I would/ could/ might help him if I had enough money.
I would/ could/ might go there if I were you.
If I had studied well, I would/ could/ might + have made bright result.
I would/ could/ might + have made bright result if I had studied well.
 If QvovI Conditional Sentence MwVZ n‡Z cv‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î, If hy³ AskwU‡K Question Order-G cwiYZ Ki‡Z nq| A_©vr Verb wU‡K
Subject Gi Av‡M emv‡Z nq| G‡Z A‡_©i †Kvb cwieZ©b nq bv A_©vr If _vK‡j †hgb nZ †ZgbB _v‡K|
 If I had been a Prime Minister, I would have removed violence from the society.
 If ev` w`‡q wjL‡j nq-
Had I been a Prime Minister, I would have removed violence from the society.
If I were a bird, I could fly in the sky. If ev` w`‡q wjL‡j nq, Were I a bird, I could fly in the sky.

Practices
01. This could have worked if I _____ been more far-sighted. [35th BCS]
A. had B. might C. have D. would Ans: A
02. Select the right form of the underlined verb:
If he works hard, he shine in life. [RU (B) 18-19]
A. should shine B. will shine C. has shine D. shines Ans: B
03. Choose the correct sentence: [NU (e¨emvq wkÿv) 13-14, RU (E, †Rvo) 16-17]
A. If I had a camera, I would have taken some photographs.
B. If I had a camera, I would taken some photographs.
C. If I had a camera, I would take some photographs.
D. If I had a camera, I took some photographs. Ans: C
04. Had I been regular in my studies, ________. Complete the sentence with a clause. [RU C Unit, Non-Science, 20-
21]
A. I could not have failed. B. I would not have failed.
C. I should not have failed. D. I did not fall. Ans. B
05. If I fail my exams, my parents ____ let me go to Cox’s Bazar this summer. [DU (A)13-14]
A. would not have B. wouldn’t C. were not D. won’t Ans: D

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06. If services are increased, taxes _____. [DU (C) 04-05]
A. going up probably B. probably go up
C. probably up D. will probably go up Ans: D
07. If you help me, I _____ grateful. [RU 03-04, BRUR (B) 16-17, BSMRSTU (F) 17-18]
A. am remaining B. would remains C. shall remain D. would remain Ans:C
08. If the parliamentary body ____, the bill will be placed in the parliament. [JnU (B) 13-14, IU (H) 14-15]
A. approved B. had approved C. approves D. has approved Ans: C
09. He won’t pass his exam unless he ____ much harder. [JU (G) 14-15]
A. studies B. study C. will study D. may study Ans: A
10. If it rains, we ____ ludo. [DU (B) 05-06]
A. would play B. will play C. played D. would have played Ans: B
11. I would tell you the answer if I _____ what it was. [CU (B1) 14-15]
A. know B. had known C. knew D. have known Ans: C
12. If the oxygen supply in the atmosphere ___ not replaced by plants, it would soon be exhausted. [CU (D) 12-13]
A. is B. was C. were D. had been Ans: C
13. If teaching _____ more, fewer students would leave the profession. [DU (C) 05-06, wcGmwmÕi mnKvix cwiPvjK-06, RU (gv‡K©xUs)
09-10, BRUR (L) 11-12, IU (G) 11-12, JUST (A)16-17]
A. had paid B. is paying C. paid D. has paid E. pays Ans: C
14. I _____ quiet if I were you. [CU (D) 04-05, (B) 09-10]
A. shall keep B. keep C. should keep D. was keeping E. kept Ans: C
15. If I lived near my office, _____ in time for work. [evwYR¨ gš¿Yvj‡q Avg`vbx ißvbx Awa`߇ii-07, ¯^ivóª gš¿Yvj‡qi gv`K`ªe¨ wbqš¿Y Awa`߇ii
Dccwi`k©K-13]
A. I would be B. I shall be C. I will be D. I were Ans: A
16. If I were you, I _____ their offer. [JnU (B) 06-07]
A. should accept B. accept C. would accept D. would accepted Ans: C
17. If I _____ a millionaire, I _____ help every worth cause. [IU (L) 05-06, RU (E, we‡Rvo) 15-16]
A. be, should B. was, could C. were, would D. on, may Ans: C
18. If your sister _____, she would come. [DcmnKvix cÖ‡KŠkjx (wmwfj): 15]
A. invited B. inviting C. invites D. were invited Ans: D
19. Had I possessed boundless property, I______ money to the poor. [JU D Unit, 21-22]
A. would donate B. had donated C. should donate D. would have donated Ans.d
20. Choose the correct sentence: [DU (B) 03-04, (C) 12-13, 16-17, †mvbvjx e¨vsK-13, MBSTU (D) 16-17]
A. If I found a bag in the street, I will take it to the police.
B. If I found a bag in the street, I would take it to the police.
C. If I found a bag in the street, I took it to the police.
D. If I found a bag in the street, I will be taking it to the police. Ans: B
21. If motorists were to drive more carefully, they _____ fewer accidents. [CU 03-04]
A. will be having B. would have C. will have D. would have had Ans: B
22. If I _____ you, I would never do it. [DcmnKvix cwiPvjK (kÖg)-01; CU 07-08, COU (B) 12-13, RU (Law) 04-05, 15-16]
A. was B. were C. had been D. have been Ans: B
23. What would you do if you ____ ten lakh taka? [CU (L) 09-10]
A. win B. won C. will won D. have won Ans: B
24. If I were you, I (handle) the situation more carefully. [13th BCS, Medical 95-96, RU 09-10, IU 10-11, BRUR(C) 12-13, (B, D)
14-15]
A. would handle B. will handle C. handle D. would have handled Ans: A
25. If I had known you were coming ____________________ . [RU A Unit, (Group-3) 20-21]
A. I would go to the station. B. I would have gone to the station.
C. I had gone to the station. D. I would be going to the station. Ans. B
26. If you were in my position, what _____ you do? [CU (B-1) 11-12, CU 06-07]
A. could B. would C. should D. would have E. might Ans: B
27. If my father were richer, I _____ to have a car. [CU 03-04]
A. will be allowed B. would allow C. allowed D. would be allowed Ans: D
28. If I found a lost dog, I _____ it to its owner. [DU (D) 06-07]
A. will returning B. will return C. would return D. will have returned Ans: C
29. Had I the wings of a bird ____. [11Zg wkÿK wbeÜb (2) 14]
A. I flew in the sky B. I could fly in the sky
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C. I fly in the sky D. I would have flown in the sky Ans: B
30. If we practiced speaking English, we _____ speak better. [11Zg wkÿK wbeÜb- 14]
A. could B. could have C. can D. would have Ans: A
31. If my brother were there, he ____ what to do. [wewUwfÕi DcmnKvix cÖ‡KŠkjx-11]
A. has known B. will known C. would know D. know Ans: C
32. If the people were a little more tolerant, our world _____ a better place. [evsjv‡`k nvDR wewìs K‡c©v‡ikb (Awdmvi)Ñ11]
A. will become B. would be C. will be D. would have been Ans: B
33. If I were you I ___ that coat. It’s too much expensive. [DU (B) 98-99, D 01-02, CU (G) 08-09, mnKvix mwPe (AvBb, WªvdwUs)-05]
A. will not buy B. shall not buy C. would not buy D. am not going to buy Ans: C
34. What would happen if the bridge _____. [BRTA Gi mnKvix cwiPvjK-05]
A. have broken B. broke C. will break D. breaks Ans: B
35. The street would be wet, if it _____. [PSC-04]
A. rains B. rained C. had rained D. had rained Ans: B
36. You would succeed if you ____ again. [Kg©ms¯’vb e¨vsK A¨vwmm‡U›U Awdmvi-01]
A. try B. tried C. had tried D. will try Ans: B
37. If you lent me some money, ____. [RU (A2) 17-18]
A. I was grateful to you B. I shall be grateful to you
C. I would be grateful to you D. I were grateful to you Ans: C
38. Had I known her, I ____ her. [ms¯‹…wZ welqK gš¿Yvj‡qi DcmnKvix cÖ‡KŠkjxÑ19]
A. would meet B. would have met C. would had meet D. would met Ans: B
39. Had I known you were waiting outside, I __________________. [39th BCS]
A. had invited you to come in B. would invite you to come in
C. would be inviting you to come in D. would have invited you to come in Ans: D
40. I ____ caught the bus if I had hurried. [mgwš^Z 3 e¨vsK (wmwbqi Awdmvi)-18]
A. could have B. can have C. cannot have D. could not have Ans: A
41. If he ____ thought of the danger earlier, he would have avoided the disaster. [WvP evsjv e¨vsK wj. cÖ‡ekbvix Awdmvi-17]
A. had B. can C. could D. has Ans: A
42. If he _____ his first draft, he would have received a better grade. [wZZvm M¨vm UªvÝwgkb GÛ wWmwUªweDkb †Kv¤úvwb wjwg‡UW ( †WcywU
A¨vwmm‡U›U BwÄwbqvi)-11, JU (E-2) 13-14, evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vsK (Awdmvi)-17]
A. had revised B. could revised C. could have revised D. None of the above Ans: A
43. I would have lent you my laptop if you ____ me. [evLivev` M¨vm wWmwUªweDkb †Kv¤úvwb wj. mnKvix g¨v‡bRvi (†Rbv‡ij)-17]
A. could ask B. would have asked C. could of asked D. had asked Ans: D
44. To complete the sentence ‘Had I been there, _____’ we have to use: [wewfbœ gš¿Yvj‡qi Dc-mnKvix cÖ‡KŠkjx (wmwfj)-17]
A. I would support him B. I would have supported him
C. I could support him D. I shall have supported him Ans: B
45. If you had lost your job, ____? [WvK, †Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM I Z_¨cÖhyw³ gš¿Yvj‡qi mnKvix †cÖvMÖvgvi-17]
A. what will you be doing B. what would you have done
C. what would you do D. what will you do Ans: B
46. “If the driver had been more careful, the accident ____ occurred.” [mvaviY cy‡ji AvIZvq wewfbœ gš¿Yvj‡qi mnKvix †cÖvMÖvgvi,
DcmnKvix cÖ‡KŠkjx, cÖkvmwbK Kg©KZ©v I e¨w³MZ Kg©KZ©v-16]
A. might not have B. would not be C. might not have been D. might not Ans: A
47. If I had seen him, _______________. [13Zg cÖfvlK wbeÜb-16]
A. I would tell him the matter B. I might tell him the matter
C. I will have told him the matter D. I might have told him the matter Ans: D

Unless
If Gi mv‡_ Negative verb hy³ n‡q A_© n‡e hw`....bv| Avevi Unless Gi mv‡_ affirmative hy³ n‡q A_© n‡e GKB|
Example: If he does not study, he will not pass.evK¨wU‡K wb¤œiƒ‡cI †jLv hvq:
Unless he studies, he will not pass.
g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e: Unless-Clause wU A_©MZfv‡e Negative nIqvq G‡K Avevi Negative Kiv hvq bv| Z‡e Aci Clause wU Negative/
Affirmative ‡h‡KvbwUB n‡Z cv‡i|
Example:
Incorrect: Unless he doesn’t come, I will not help him.
Correct: Unless he comes, I will not help him. Or, If he doesn’t come, I will not help him.

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48. _____, we won’t have much to talk about. [CU (G) 15-16]
A. If he not comes B. Unless he comes
C. If he didn’t come D. Unless he does not come Ans: B
49. The boy _____ unless he apologized sincerely. [CU (B2-B8) 15-16]
A. not be forgiven B. have not be forgiven
C. has not forgiven D. would not be forgiven Ans: D
50. Unless I tried my best, I ____ the chance. [IU (C) 16-17]
A. could miss B. missed C. was missed D. could missed Ans: A
51. ________, the leakage go question papers will not be sopped. [CU (D3) 15-16]
A. Unless the miscreants are not awarded exemplary punishment
B. If the miscreants are awarded exemplary punishment
C. Unless the miscreants awarded exemplary punishment
D. Unless the miscreants are awarded exemplary punishment Ans: D

Let’s learn

As If/ As Though

As If/ As Though
Example:
➢ He talks as if he were a doctor. [‡m Ggbfv‡e K_v e‡j †hb †m GKRb Wv³vi]- Avm‡j †m wKš‘ Wv³vi bq
➢ He talks as if he knew everything. [‡m Ggbfv‡e K_v e‡j †hb †m me Rv‡b]- Avm‡j †m wKQzB Rv‡bbv
➢ He behaved as if nothing had happened. [‡m Ggbfv‡e AvPiY K‡iwQj †hb wKQzB N‡Uwb]- Avm‡j wKQz N‡UwQj|

52. The naughty boy talks as if he___________ . [CU A Unit (Shift-2, Set-2) 20-21]
A. knows everything B. knew everything
C. know everything D. had known everything Ans. B
53. She talks as if she_______ the leader of her community. Choose the appropriate option to complete the
sentence. [RU A Unit, (Group-1) Shift-1, 20-21]
A. is B. are C. were D. becomes Ans. C
54. They treated me _______ I were a child. [DU C-Unit 08-09]
A. when B. like C. as D. as if E. if Ans. D
55. He talks as if he (know) everything. [RU C-Unit 06-07, E-Unit 07-08, JnU B-Unit 10-11]
A. knew B. had known C. will known D. has known Ans. A
56. The boy was so dirty that he looked as if he _______ in the mud. [CU D-Unit 07-08, B-Unit 09-10]
A. is lying B. has lain
C. lying D. has been lying E. had been lying Ans. E
57. Sabita talks to her pet bird as if it _________ her. [NU Humanities 11-12]
A. understanding B. understands C. talk back D. understood Ans. D
58. He talks as if he _________ mad. [29th BCS, JnU E-Unit 14-15, Medical Admission Test 98-99, mnKvix cjøx Dbœqb Kg©KZ©v 2012]
A. was B. were C. had been D. is Ans. B
59. Find the correct option: He looks as though he __________ a ghost. [PSC 2004]
A. has seen B. saw C. had seen D. will see Ans. B
60. Joni looked as if he_________ a ghost.
A. sees B. has seen C. saw D. had seen E. is seeing. Ans. D
61. Rubina walks as though she _________ modeling.
A. studies B. is studying C. studied D. study Ans: C

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Let’s learn

Wish

Examples:
I wish I were a king.
I wish I had a car.
I wish I could do this.
I wish that I had washed the clothes yesterday (Past wPý).
She wishes that she could have been there previously (Past wPý).
In case (hw`)
In case ‡Kvb kZ© eySvq bv; †hLv‡b KvRwU wKQzi Dci wbf©i K‡ibv, †mLv‡b Incase e‡m Avi wbf©i Ki‡j If e‡m| mn‡R eySvi Rb¨ g‡b ivL‡Z
n‡e Conditional Sentence G If-Clause wU Av‡M N‡U, c‡ii AskwU ev djvdj c‡i N‡U| In case Gi †ÿ‡Î Ggb N‡U bv|

62. I always carry an umbrella in case it________ . [GST B Unit, (Humanities) 20-21]
A. rain B. rains C. is raining D. will rain Ans. B
63. Give her a telephone number to ring________ she gets gap. [DU B-Unit 03-04]
A. unless B. whether C. perhaps D. in case Ans. D
64. While going to office, take your umbrella________ it rains. [DU IBA BBA 97-98]
A. in case B. if C. if not D. perhaps E. or Ans. A
65. I’ll write down the phone number _________ I forgot. [DU B-Unit 07-08, D-Unit 13-14]
A. if B. unless C. even though D. in case Ans: D

English Foundation

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g~j Verb-‡K cª‡qvRb Abyhvqx A_© cªKv‡k (‡hgbt DwPZ, eva¨evaKZv, Dc‡`k, bgªZv, f`ªZv, aviYv, †Rvi ev Aby‡iva BZ¨vw`) †h mKj Auxiliary Verb Subject-
Gi Number, Person ev Gender wbwe©‡k‡l mnvqZv K‡i Zv‡`i‡K Modal Verb e‡j|
Usage of Modal Auxiliary Verb:
Modal Verb ¸‡jv Auxiliary Verb wn‡m‡e e‡m wKš‘ G‡`i wKQy ¯^Zš¿ ˆewkó¨ i‡q‡Q hv Zv‡`i‡K Ab¨vb¨ Auxiliary Verb †_‡K c„_K K‡i‡Q| †hgbt
01. Subject 3rd Person Singular nIqv m‡Ë¡I Modal Verb Gi mv‡_ s/ es hy³ n‡e bv|
Incorrect: Tamim wills submit her assignment on time.
Correct: Tamim will submit her assignment on time.
02. Subject Gi c~‡e© e‡m Sentence †K Interrogative Ki‡Z AwZwi³/ bZyb K‡i †Kvb operating verb (do, did, does) Avb‡Z n‡e bv|
Incorrect: Do I may come in?
Correct: May I come in?
03. G‡`i cieZ©x Verb wU Aek¨B base form n‡e|
Incorrect: She would confessed that she loved you.
Correct: She would confess that she loved you.

04. Negative Kivi Rb¨ mivmwi Not †K MªnY K‡i, AwZwi³/ bZyb K‡i †Kvb operating verb (do, did, does) Avb‡Z n‡e bv|
Incorrect: You do not should be late.
Correct: You should not be late.

can, could, shall, should, will, would, may, might, had better, ought to, be supposed to, am/ is/ are to, was/ were to,
have to/ has to/ had to, can not but, could not but, be able to + verb Gi base form.
g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, ability, permission Ges possibility cÖKvk Ki‡Z can, ability in the past cÖKvk Ki‡Z could e‡m|
may, might Øviv permission Ges probability †evSvq|
mwebq request ev offer cÖKvk Ki‡Z would e‡m|
could/ may/ might+ verb Gi base form (eZ©gvb/ fwel¨‡Zi m¤¢vebv †evSv‡j) could/ may/ might+ have+ verb Gi past participle
(AZx‡Zi m¤¢vebv †evSv‡j) mvaviণ Kg©ÿgZvi †P‡q we‡kl Kg©ÿgZv `iKv‡i †m‡ÿ‡Î be able to e¨envi nq|

Previous Years’ Question

01. Travellers ______ their reservations well in advance if they want to fly during the Eid holidays. [18th BCS. 38th BCS
, 32nd BCS.]
A. had better to get B. had to get better C. had better get D. had better got.
02. To check acidity, one had better ⎯⎯⎯ litmus paper. [A Unit, DU-2015-16]
A. using B. useful C. usable D. use
03. Choose the best translation of the sentence ÔZzwg eis Zv‡K GLv‡b cvVvI|Õ (DU B Unit 2003-04)
A. You send him here B. You better send him here
C. You should send him here D. You rather send him here
04. Jenny ––––––leave the hospital only six hours after the baby was born. (DU D Unit 2011-2012)
A. was able to B. might C. can D. is able to
05. No man can ⎯ interest in the matter. [JU 14 − 15]
A. lives B. living C. have been lived D. live
06. I am looking for someone who⎯ play the piano. (24 BCS)
th

A. able to B. is able C. can be able to D. can

Dc‡iv³ cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi K¬v‡m ‡`Iqv n‡e|
Used to Gi e¨envi
AZx‡Zi Af¨vm eySv‡Z used to e‡m| †hgb-
When Jim was young, he used to swim once a day.
Subject + used to + verb word
Example: He used to swim once a day.
Sub. + be verb/ get/ become + used to + verb + ing

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Example:- Masud was used to swimming everyday.
Sub. + be verb / get / become + used to + verb word
Example: CNG is used to power vehicle.
A_©vr Subject-Gi ci mivmwi used to e¨eüZ n‡j Gi c‡i Verb-Gi Simple form e‡m| (Af¨¯’ A‡_©) (ii) Subject Gi ci be verb / get / become
+ used to e¨eüZ n‡j, Gi c‡i verb Gi mv‡_ ing hy³ nq| (Af¨¯’ A‡_©) Af¨vm bv eywS‡q (e¨eüZ nq-) Ggb A_© †evSv‡j be verb + used to Gi
ci v1 e‡m| Z‡e Subject Aek¨B (e¯‘evPK n‡e)| †hgb - CNG is used to power vehicle. (e¨eüZ nq A‡_©)
Previous Years’ Question
07. I am used to ⎯ coffee in the morning now. [DU B Unit, 16 − 17]
A. drink B. drank C. drinking D. drink
08. We –––– exchange greetings on meeting each other. [Dhaka Bank -04]
A. use to B. used C. used to D. have used to
09. Our ancestors –––– exchange gifts on Eid Day. [BBA Admission Test 1997-98]
A. used to B. use to C. used D. have been used E. have used
10. We went to Rajshahi last month to see the house where we ⎯ in the 1960s. [DU B 2014-15]
A. will live B. live C. would live D. used to live
11. Choose the incorrect underlined part. (DU D Unit 10-11)
finally cook after having one
Sitara is used to on an electric stove a gas for so long.
A B C D
A. finally B. cook C. after having D. one
Dc‡iv³ cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi K¬v‡m ‡`Iqv n‡e|
Would rather Gi e¨envi
 cQ‡›`i Zzjbv †evSv‡Z
Would rather ...... (v1 ) ........ than ..... (v1) ...... e‡m| †hgb- I would rather starve than beg.
Would rather + verb n‡j- Would rather + clause n‡j-
(i) would rather + vb.......... (Present/ Future indication) (i) would rather + that + s + v2 .. (Pre./ Future indication)
I would rather do the work today. I would rather that you did the work today.
(ii) would rather + have + v3..........(Past indication) (ii) would rather + that + s + had + v3.. (Past indication)
I would rather have done the work yesterday I would rather that you had done the work yesterday.
12. The boy from the village said, “I ⎯ starve than beg.” [13 BCS] th

A. better B. rather C. would rather D. would better

13. I would rather die _____.
A. to beg B. than beg C. than begging D. than would have begged
14. I would rather that you _____ the work today.
A. have B. did C. do D. had
15. I would rather ______ coffee than tea. [Audit Exam-2013]
A. with have B. have C. had D. to have
Dc‡iv³ cÖk¸
œ ‡jvi DËi K¬v‡m ‡`Iqv n‡e|
Prefer Gi e¨envi

Previous Years’ Question

16. Many prefer donating money ________ distributing clothes. [28th BCS]
A. than B. but C. to D. without
17. Choose the correct sentence: [C Unit DU 2001-02]
A. Rahim preferred reading to writing. B. Rahim prefers to read but not to write.
C. Rahim preferred to read than to write. D. Rahim preferred to reading than writing.
E. Rahim preferred reading than writing.
18. I’d____ a blue bed cover ____ a green one . [DU A Unit-2012-13]
A. prefer, to B. like, to C. prefer, for D. buy, in
19. I prefer swimming to________. [JnU D Unit-2012-13]
A. walk B. walking C. walked D. having walked
20. I ______ the pen___ the book. [JnU D Unit-2012-13]
A. prefer, to B. like, to C. prefer, for D. prefer,than
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Dc‡iv³ cÖk¸
œ ‡jvi DËi K¬v‡m ‡`Iqv n‡e|
Must Gi e¨envi
Subject + must be + (verb +ing)
†Kvb NUbv †_‡K Abygvb Kiv hvq †h, †Kv‡bv KvR eZ©gv‡b NU‡Q Giƒc †¶‡Î e‡m|
The line is busy; someone must be using the telephone now.
Subject + must have + verb Gi past participle + past time
†Kvb KvR AZx‡Z N‡U‡Q Giƒc Abygvb eySv‡Z evK¨wU MwVZ nq|
The grass is wet. It must have rained last night.
Subject + must + verb Gi simple form + repeated time
mvaviYZ n‡q _v‡K ev evi evi N‡U Ggb Abygvb eySv‡Z|
Carol always gets good grades, she must study a lot.
Must/ have to/ had to + verb Gi simple form (Complete obligation eySv‡Z)
You must do this.
Questions with Explanation
21. Complete the sentence. The ring that I was looking at is gone, someone else _______ it . [JnU 16−17]
A. must have bought B. must had bought C. must buy D. must be buying
22. You must be tired. − Here ''must'' has been used in the sense of ⎯ [Jnu 15 −16]
A. necessity B. advice C. possibility D. force
23. You must ⎯ the name of Helen Keller. [DU B Unit, 13 − 14]
A. hear B. heard C. have heard D. hearing
24. I have lost one of my glove shirts. I ⎯ it somewhere. [Cu 08− 09, JU 11 − 12]
A. must be dropping B. must have dropped C. must have been droping D. must be dropped
25. “You think she is married.” She ⎯ be, she hasnt got a ring on her finger. [DU D Unit, 01 − 02]
A. can B. cant C. must D. mustn’t
Dc‡iv³ cÖk¸
œ ‡jvi DËi K¬v‡m ‡`Iqv n‡e|
Should Gi e¨envi
Avkv / AvKvOÿv/ cÖZ¨vkv/ DwPZ A‡_© -
Should + Verb Gi base form
Ex: You are tired, you should take rest.
AZx‡Z †Kvb KvR Kiv DwPZ wQj wKš‘ nqwb A‡_©-
Should have + Verb Gi Past participle
Ex: Rio failed in the exam, He should have studied hard.
Previous Years’ Question
26. Before you entered the classroom, you ⎯ the teacher’s permission. [DU B Unit, 12 − 13]
A. should seek B. seek C. have sought D. should have sought
27. You should not ⎯ spoken so harshly.
A. had B. be C. have had D. have
28. You ________ working now.
A. should B. should have C. should be D. shall
29. That dress does not suit you. You ________ buy another.
A. will B. would C. should D. could
30. My cousins did not help when I was in deep trouble, But they_______. [CU B Unit, 2011-12]
A. should have help me then B. should help me then
C. should have helped me then D. ought to help then
Complete obligation: eva¨evaKZv eySv‡Z must, should-Gi †P‡q kw³kvjx A_© †`q| Should-Gi †¶‡Î KvRwU Kivi †¶‡Î KZ©vi B”Qvi
¯^vaxbZv Av‡Q, wKš‘ must-Gi †¶‡Î Zv †bB|
Complete obligation eySv‡Z must Gi gZ have to / has to / had to e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡i|
Dc‡iv³ cÖk¸
œ ‡jvi DËi K¬v‡m ‡`Iqv n‡e|

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SENTENCE STRUCTURE

GKwU wbf©yj sentence n‡Z n‡j Aek¨B GKwU clause jvM‡e | GKwU sentence G GK ev GKvwaK clause _v‡K| GKwU clause MwVZ nq Subject
Ges Finite verb wb‡q|

Finite verb Non-Finite verb

Present form - Go Infinitive- To go
Past form - Went Gerund- Going (A form of verb used as Noun)
Ex: Walking is good for health.
Participles- A form of verb used as Adj.
A. Present Participle-Going
B. Past Participle- Gone
C. Perfect Participle- Having gone
Ex: I saw a walking boy.

Finite Verb: Verb Gi base, present Ges past form n‡”Q finite verb. Avi evwK (to + v) / (v + ing) / v3 / (having + v3 n‡”Q non-
finite verb.
Finite Verb Non-Finite Verb
V1 (base form) V2 (past form) V3 (past V4 (verb + V5 (to + V6 (having+ v3)
participle) ing) verb)

write wrote written writing to write having written

N.B: Z‡e v3 (past participle) / v4 (present participle) / v5 (to + verb) –Gi c~‡e© auxiliary / be verb e¨eüZ n‡j, Giv finite verb
wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| A_©vr
Non-Finite Verb Finite Verb
Writing is / was writing
Written has / have written
Walking would have walked
fzj sentence: In the summer, Saleha walking to her office.

wbf©yj sentence: In the summer, Saleha walks to her office.

hLb GKwU sentence G GKvwaK clause ev Finite verb _vK‡e, ZLb Zv‡`i mshy³ Kivi Rb¨ clause marker ev coordinating
conjunction _vK‡Z n‡e |

Clause marker & Conjunction: who, which, whom, whose, where, when, while, what,
why, how, how long, how many, how much, what time, as, if, since, so that, hardly,
scarcely, barely, no sooner, such, even, unless, until, though, although, because, as - - - as,
so - -- - as, so - --- that etc.

Sentence G hZ¸‡jv clause _vK‡e, Zvi †_‡K GKwU Kg Clause marker _vK‡e| A_©vr `yBwU clause †K hy³ Ki‡Z n‡j GKwU Clause marker
jvM‡e |
Example: In the summer, Habiba walks to her office.
GLv‡b Habiba walks GKwU clause. ZvB Clause marker e¨envi Kiv nqwb|

I know when he came.

GLv‡b I know Ges He came `yBwU clause. ZvB Clause marker- when e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
I don't know where he lives. GLv‡b I don't know Ges he lives `yBwU clause. ZvB Clause marker- where e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q|

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CM ‡Pbvi mnR Dcvq :

FAN BOYS BOMA
F For Adjective Clause Marker =
A And ‡h mKj Clause ACM Øviv ïiæ
N Nor,not n‡e Zviv adjective clause
B Besides (sub ordinate clause)
O Or Ad CM = {While OST
Y Yet BABA Until If}
S So O = Often
B But B = Because
O otherwise / on the other hand S = Since
M Moreover A = After
A After all T = Though
B = Before
A = As

Dc‡ii kã ¸‡jv ZLbB CM, hLb G‡`i c‡i Sub I FV _vK‡e|

▪ This is my marker which is bought today.
FV1 CM FV2
Dc‡iiev‡K¨ "which" CM Gi KvR Ki‡Q| KviY Which-Gi c‡i Subject bv _vK‡jI Finite Verb Av‡Q| G‡ÿ‡Î Which wb‡RB Subject-Gi
KvR Ki‡Q, ZvB ev‡K¨ evowZ †Kvb Subject bvB| GB evK¨I FV=CM+1-‡K Support Ki‡Q| ZvB evK¨wU ï×|

Previous Years’ Question

01. –––––––– that life began billions of years ago in the water. (DU C Unit, 2009-2010)
A. It is believed B. In the belief C. The belief D. Believing
02. ______ is necessary for the development of strong bones and teeth.
A. It is calcium B. That calcium C. Calcium D. That calcium is
03. Choose the correct verb form: Marine biologists are concerned about the effects of untreated sewage that −−−
into costal water. (DU C Unit, 2011-2012)
A. flow B. flows C. is flowing D. flowed
04. Each of the radioisotopes produced artificially ________ its own distinct structure.
A. have B. has C. having D. have had
05. The U.S legal system ____ based upon adversial relationships, but this is not always the case.
A. it is B. since it is C. being D. is
06. In some cases, ___to decide if an organism is a plant or an animal.
A. difficult if B. it is difficult C. the difficulty D. is difficult
07. In 1867, Hiram Revels __the first Black to be elected to the U.S. Senate.
A. becoming B. became C. to have become D. has become
Dc‡iv³ cÖk¸
œ ‡jvi DËi K¬v‡m ‡`Iqv n‡e|
Embedded Question:
Subordinate clause Z_v noun clause ‡K question Kiv hvq bv| Question Ki‡Z n‡j Principal clause †K Ki‡Z nq|
Embedded question Gi structure: Principal clause + Wh-words+ S + V
Incorrect:- Tell me what is your name. Correct:-Tell me what your name is.
Incorrect:- Do you know where does he live? Correct:-Do you know where he lives?
Nominal that Clause
Nominal that Clause: †h mKj Noun clause That w`‡q ïiy nq, Zv‡`i‡K Nominal That clause e‡j| Giv Sentence Gi Subject
ev Object Dfq wnmv‡eB e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡i|
That + S + V+ obj. + V + ext. or, S + V + That + S + V + obj.
Ex: That Sakib is a good player is known to all.

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Previous Years’ Question

08. I don’t remember ⎯⎯⎯⎯. [A Unit, DU-2015-16]
A. what is her name B. her name is what C. what her name is D. is what her name
09. Choose the Correct Sentence. [DU D Unit 2009-2010]
A. Do you know when the results will be published?
B. Do you know when will the results be published?
C. Do you know when will publish the results?
D. Do you know when the results will publish?
10. Mashrafi is a good cricketer is loved by all.
A. our B. Which C. Therefore D. That
11. I often wonder how _________. [A Unit, DU-2015-16]
A. you are get on B. are you get on C. you are getting on D. are you getting
12. Identify the correct sentence. [DU D Unit 2001-2002]
A. I do not know where he lives. B. I do not know where does he live
C. I did not know where he has been lived. D. I do not know where he has been lived.
13. Do you know when_______? [IU, B 19-20]
A. Islamic University was founded B. Was Islamic University founded
C. Islamic University founded D. Had Islamic University been founded
14. ––––––– Nannu is a good cricketer is known to all. [DU B Unit, 99-00]
A. our B. Which C. Therefore D. That
Dc‡iv³ cÖk¸
œ ‡jvi DËi K¬v‡m ‡`Iqv n‡e|

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Phrase GK ¸”Q kã hvi g‡a¨ †Kvb subject, finite verb GKmv‡_ _v‡K bv|
Noun Phrase: Noun phrase mvaviYZ noun Gi KvR K‡i A_©vr noun Gi ¯’v‡b e‡m A_ev noun phrase Gi A_©I †Kvb GKK noun †K
wb‡`©k K‡i| †hgb- verb Gi subject, object, complement, preposition Gi object wn‡m‡e noun phrase e‡m| Avevi, determiner,
preposition Gi c‡i noun phrase e‡m| KviY, G mKj ¯’v‡b noun e‡m| noun phrase Gi central part ev head word wU g~jZ †Kvb
noun nq|
subject object complement determiner preposition

†hgb: The reading of newspaper is a good habit.

Bipul is a man of letters.
(To + v1) = Infinitive hw` GK ev GKvwaK k‡ãi m‡½ hy³ nq Zv‡K Infinitive Phrase e‡j| Verb Gi subject, transitive verb Gi
object iƒ‡c †Kvb phrase em‡j Zv noun phrase n‡e| ZvB gerund ev infinitive phrase hw` subject/ object/ complement nq Z‡e
Zv noun phrase n‡e|
†hgb: To ride well requires practice.
Qualifying in the admission test is not easy.
Adjective Phrase: †h Phrase Sentence G e¨eüZ n‡q Adjective Gi KvR K‡i Zv‡K Adjective Phrase e‡j| GwU mvaviYZ
Noun/Pronoun ‡K Modify K‡i| Noun Gi c‡i preposition ev participle Øviv ïiæ †Kvb phrase _vK‡j phrase wU adjective
phrase n‡e|
†hgb: Mr. Imtiaz is a man of noble birth.
The man in the street knows it.
The girl playing with the ball is my sister.
Participle Phrase: †h Phrase Participle w`‡q ïiæ nq Ges Noun w`‡q †kl nq Zv‡K Participle Phrase e‡j| Participle Phrase
mvaviYZ Sentence G Adjective Gi KvR K‡i| †hgb: Her smiling face looks nice.
Adverbial Phrase: †h Phrase Sentence G e¨eüZ n‡q Adverb Gi KvR K‡i Zv‡K Adverbial Phrase e‡j| Adverbial Phrase
mvaviYZ Verb, Adjective Ges Ab¨ ‡Kvb Adverb ‡K Modify K‡i| Verb †K Where (†Kv_vq), Why (†Kb), When (KLb),
How (Kxfv‡e) Øviv cÖkœ K‡i †h phrase cvIqv hvq Zv‡K Adverbial phrase e‡j|
Examples: He lives in the suburb of the Dhaka. (Where)
He came to see me. (Why)
He went to school in time. (When)
He ran with great speed. (How)
N.B.: verb Gi c‡i preposition + ............ + noun wewkó phrase _vK‡j Zv adverbial phrase n‡e|
Prepositional Phrase: †h Phrase Sentence G e¨eüZ n‡q Preposition Gi KvR K‡i Zv‡K Prepositional Phrase e‡j|
Prepositional Phrase mvaviYZ word ev Phrase mshy³ K‡i|
†hgb: I didn’t come on account of rain.
Imtiaz stood in front of me.
†Pbvi Dcvq 2wU|

Prepositional phrase Gi ïiæ‡Z preposition Ges †k‡l noun _v‡K|

GB wbqgwU memgq Lv‡U bv| KviY ïiæ‡Z preposition Ges †k‡l noun _vKv
Gi ïiæ‡Z Ges †k‡l preposition _v‡K [G‡ÿ‡Î m‡Ë¡I phrase wU noun Gi c‡i em‡j Adjective phrase n‡e Ges verb
phrase Gi A_© (meaning) †Kvb GKK Gi c‡i em‡j Adverb phrase n‡e|
preposition †K wb‡`©k K‡i|
†hgb- He stood in front of (= before) me. †hgb- The man in the room is my father.
He was absent on account of (= for) illness.
(Adjective phrase). He is in the room. (Adverb phrase) ZvB MVb
bq, Kvh©µg (Function) †`‡L phrase wbY©q Ki‡Z nq|
Avevi, He is in front of me. (Prepositional phrase) He is in front
of me. (Adverbial phrase)

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Verbal Phrase: †h Phrase Sentence G e¨eüZ n‡q Verb Gi KvR K‡i Zv‡K Verbal Phrase e‡j|
Examples: He laughs at me.
He looks down upon me.
He gave up smoking.
I always look after my ailing mother.
My father looks after me.
I look forward to meeting you.
The suffering of the acid victims beggars description.
Note: group verb ¸‡jv mvaviYZ verbal phrase wnmv‡e KvR K‡i|
Conjunctional Phrase: †h Phrase Sentence G e¨eüZ n‡q Conjunction Gi KvR K‡i Zv‡K Conjunctional Phrase e‡j|
Examples: I took medicine in order that I might get well.
He talks as if he were mad.
We should not go out as long as it rains.
I started for home as soon as I got the news.
Rony as well as Jony has come.
He as well as his friends was present there.
Interjectional Phrase: †h Phrase Sentence G e¨eüZ n‡q Interjection Gi KvR K‡i Zv‡K Interjectional Phrase e‡j|
Examples: What a pity! He has failed in the exam.
What a pleasure! We have won the game.
By God! I will kill you.
Good heavens! What are you saying?
Oh dear me! What can I do?
What a pity! You have failed.
What a shame! You have lost.
Practice
01. By the end of the meal, some people take a few glasses water. The underlined phrase is a/ an- [GST B Unit, 23-24]
A. noun phrase B. prepositional phrase C. adjective phrase D. adverbial phrase Ans: D
02. I am going there to visit my friend. The underlined phrase is- [ JU E: 22-23]
A. Adverbial clause B. Prepositional phrase C. Infinitive phrase D. Verb phrase Ans: C
03. He waited in front of the house. The underlined word make a/ an- [JU E: 22-23]
A. Prepositional phrase B. Adverbial phrase C. Adjective phrase D. Conjunction phrase Ans: A
04. We are waiting ‘for the bus.’ The quotation part is- [JU B: 21-22]
A. a noun phrase B. an infinitive phrase
C. a prepositional phrase D. a verb phrase Ans: C
05. We were waiting for the bus. The underlined part is- [BSMRSTU D 15-16]
A. a noun phrase B. an adverbial phrase C. a prepositional phrase D. a verb phrase Ans: B
06. Loudly knocking at the door, he demanded admission. [_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi- 99]
A. Noun phrase B. Adjective phrase C. Adverb phrase D. Participle phrase Ans: D
07. While hiking through the woods yesterday, we saw a tiger. [PUST C 17-18]
A. Prepositional phrase B. Adverbial phrase C. Participle phrase D. Noun phrase Ans: C
08. We must buy the tickets next week. [AvBb, wePvi I msm` gš¿Yvj‡qi mve-‡iwR÷ªvi- 16]
A. object B. noun C. adverbial D. complement Ans: C
09. He waited in front of the house. The underlined words make a/an: [RU A 17-18]
A. preposition B. adverbial C. adjective D. conjunction Ans: A
10. Everything that he did was open and above board. What type of phrase is the underlined part in the sentence?
[IU B 15-16]
A. prepositional phrase B. noun phrase C. adverbial phrase D. adjective phrase Ans: D
11. The elm tree has been standing in front of our house for 30 years. [IU B 14-15]
A. an adjective phrase B. a prepositional phrase C. a noun phrase D. an adverbial phrase Ans: D
12. The press club in front of the secretariat building is an age-old building. [IU B 14-15]
A. an adjective phrase B. a prepositional phrase
C. an adverbial phrase D. a conjunctional phrase Ans: A

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13. They arrived home safe and sound. Identify the underlined phrase: [RU C1 18-19]
A. noun phrase B. adjective phrase C. complex phrase D. adverbial phrase Ans: D

14. Which one of the following underlined phrase is an example of a noun phrase? [KU 07-08]
A. Asraful was the man of the match B. The girl in yellow is my sister
C. The teacher is in the class D. What is lotted cannot be blotted Ans: A
15. Even a man in the street has some money. It is a/an –––– phrase. [BSMRSTU F 14-15]
A. Conjunctional B. Adjective C. Noun D. Prepositional Ans: C
16. The beggar in front of the gate looked very hungry. [RU A 19-20]
A. adverbial phrase B. adjective phrase C. noun phrase D. propositional phrase Ans: B
17. The book borrowed from the library is lost. The underlined part is- [BSMRSTU C 18-19]
A. Noun phrase B. Adverb phrase C. Adjective phrase D. Verb phrase Ans: C
18. They hired a huge beautiful home. The underlined words are: [IU B 18-19]
A. Adjective phrase B. Adverb phrase C. Prepositional phrase D. Noun Phrase Ans: D
19. He is in the room. [RU B 12-13, IU G 16-17]
A. prepositional clause B. adverbial adjunct C. adjective complement D. object complement Ans: B
20. He is out and out a gentleman. What type of phrase is 'out and out'? [IU 04-05]
A. noun phrase B. adverbial phrase C. prepositional phrase D. adjective phrase Ans: B
21. Please try to think out of the box. The underlined part is- [COU A 19-20]
A. Prepositional phrase B. Adjective phrase C. Verb phrase D. Conjunctional phrase Ans: B
22. Raju looked for his car. [RU 09-10]
A. conjunctional phrase B. prepositional phrase C. adverb phrase D. verbal phrase Ans: D
23. Do on your shirt. It is an/an –––– phrase. [BSMRSTU F 14-15]
A. Noun B. Prepositional C. Adverbial D. Verbal Ans: D
24. I have a boat made of wood. The underlined phrase is- [cÖv_wgK mnKvix wkÿK (2q ch©vq)- 19]
A. an adverbial phrase B. perfect participle phrase
C. present participle phrase D. past participle phrase Ans: D

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Sentence

Clause

Independent/ Principal Coordinating Dependent/ Subordinate

Ab¨ †Kvb Clause-Gi Dci wbf©ikxj And, but, or, yet etc. Øviv Principal clause-Gi mvnvh¨ Qvov GKvKx A_© cÖKvk
bq Ab¨ clause Gi mv‡_ mshy³ K‡i Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
Ex: I have a pen which is red. Ex: Lee likes burger but Tait Ex: I have a pen which is red.
I have a pen n‡jv Principal prefers hot dog. which is red n‡jv Sub-ordinate clause
Clause.

Noun Clause Adjective Clause Adverbial Clause

Position of noun clause in a sentence

Noun clause mvaviYZ sentence-G †h †h RvqMvq em‡Z cv‡i-
Verb Gi subject wn‡m‡e:
That he is a doctor is known
Examples: noun clause verb
to all.

Verb Gi object wn‡m‡e:

said that she would visit us
Examples: She verb noun clause
.

Preposition Gi object wn‡m‡e:

on how they handle the situation
Examples: It relies preposition noun clause
.
To be verb Gi complement wn‡m‡e:
is what students need most
Examples: This .
to be verb noun clause

Noun or pronoun Gi apposition wn‡m‡e: G‡ÿ‡Î clause marker wU that Øviv ïiæ nq| Ges Fact, truth, word, news, rumour,
idea, unfortunate, information, statement, belief, report, BZ¨vw` noun ¸‡jv principal clause G e¨eüZ n‡q noun ¸‡jv
apposition iƒ‡c noun clauses wU KvR K‡i|
It that English is hard
Examples: pronoun is our belief noun clause
.
Transitive verb Gi complement Gi object wn‡m‡e:
ask me what they need
Ex: Students can T verb complement noun clause
.

Practice
01. I could not understand what you wanted me to do. The underlined part of the sentence is: [RU A: 22-23]
A. an adjective clause B. a noun clause C. an interrogative clause D. an adverbial clause Ans: B
02. The question is how he will respond. The underlined part of the sentence is: [RU B: 21-22]
A. An adverbial clause B. An adjective clause C. A noun clause D. A prepositional clause Ans: C
03. Identify the clause of the underlined words: What he says is true. [GST B: 22-23]
A. Noun clause B. Adjective clause C. Adverbial clause D. Subordinate clause Ans: A
04. He replied that he would come. The underlined part of the sentence a/ an- [GST B: 21-22]
A. noun clause B. adverb clause C. relative clause D. adjective clause Ans: A
05. I know that he is thoroughly honest. [RU B 12-13]
A. main clause B. noun clause C. adjective clause D. adverbial clause Ans: B
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06. I don't know that he will do. Here the underlined portion is- [KU A 08-09, 11-12]
A. Adverbial clause B. Adjective clause C. Noun clause D. Principal clause Ans: C
07. I know where he lives. The underlined clause is- [IU, B 19-20 RU, A 18-19, 12-13, 10-12]
A. a noun clause B. an adjective clause C. an adverbial clause D. a principal clause Ans: A
08. He asked me why I was late. [cwi: Awa: mn: c:-11]
A. principal clause B. noun clause C. adjective clause D. adverbial clause Ans: B
09. ‘He asked whether I would help him.’ The underlined part is-
A. an adjective clause B. an adverbial clause C. a noun clause D. a prepositional clause Ans: C
10. Identify the underlined clause of the sentence. Whoever wants to know should ask me .
A. prepositional clause B. adverbial clause C. noun clause D. independent clause Ans: C
11. He asked me who got the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2019. [BSMRSTU E 19-20]
A. a noun clause B. an adjective clause C. an adverbial clause D. a participle clause Ans: A
12. I enquired how he lost his money. [KU B 18-19]
A. Adverb clause B. Noun clause C. Adjective clause D. Relative Clause Ans: B
13. This parcel is from where I spent my childhood. The underlined part is - [BSMRSTU B 16-17]
A. a noun clause B. an adjective clause C. an adverbial clause D. none Ans: A
14. The rule that people shall not enter this room must be obeyed. [IU B 14-15]
A. noun clause B. adverb clause C. adjective clause D. all the three Ans: A
15. The underlined part of the sentence 'The question is how he will respond' is- [KU 10-11]
A. an adverb clause of manner B. an adjective clause
C. a noun clause D. an adverb clause of time Ans: C
16. Life is what we make it. The underlined clause is- [JSTU 13-14]
A. Noun clause B. Adjective clause C. Adverb clause D. Noun phrase Ans: A
17. It's a mystery where he works. The underlined clause is a/an- [RU A 19-20]
A. noun clause B. adjective clause C. adverbial clause D. principal clause Ans: A
18. What he said is important. [Identify the clause] [JnU A 17-18]
A. Noun clause B. Main Clause C. Adverb Clause D. Adjective clause Ans: A

Adjective Clause
Adjective Clause: Adjective clause me©`vB noun/ pronoun Gi c‡i e‡m| mvaviYZ Noun clause Ges Adjective clause GKB
ai‡bi linker/connective Øviv ïiæ nq| cv_©K¨ n‡”Q adjective clause Gi c~‡e© antecedent _v‡K wKš‘ Noun clause Gi c~‡e© antecedent
_v‡K bv|
ব িঃদ্রিঃ Antecedent- Subordinate clause/ Dependent clause wU principal clause Gi †h, noun m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ cÖ`vb K‡i D³ noun wU
Antecedent wnmv‡e cwiwPZ| Antecedent + Wh word Øviv ïiæ clause wU me©`vB Adjective clause n‡q _v‡K| ¯§iY ivL‡Z n‡e †h,
Adjective clause Gi Antecedent ‡K me©`v Zuvi cv‡k emv‡Z n‡e|
Example :
the person who scolded you last night
I know noun or antecedent, Adjective clause/subordinate clause.
Noun Clause & Adjective Clause- Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨:
Noun Clause Adjective Clause
who invited you last month the man who invited you last month
I know noun clause
. I know antecedent .
adjective clause
when he will die the time when he will die
Nobody knows noun clause
. Nobody knows antecedent .
adjective clause

where he lives the place where he lives

I know noun clause
. I know antecedent adjective clause.
Note: Dc‡ii noun clause Gi D`vniY ¸‡jv‡Z know transitive verb Gi object wnmv‡e GKwU clause e‡m‡Q| Avi transitive verb Gi
object ‡h‡nZz noun nq †m‡nZz GwU noun clause. Aci w`‡K Adjective clause Gi D`vniY¸‡jv‡Z know transitive verb Gi c‡i 1wU noun
Av‡Q †hwU m¤ú‡K© Adj. clause Z_¨ cÖ`vb Ki‡Q| Avi Avgiv Rvwb, Adj. clause Gi cv‡k Zvi Antecedent _v‡K| myZivs Antecedent Gi cieZ©x
clause wU me©`v Adjective clause.
English Foundation

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Practices
19. ‘People who have poor diets are likely to catch cold.’ In this sentence, the dependent clause is: [RU A: 22-
23]
A. an adverb clause B. a noun clause C. an adjective clause C. none Ans: C
20. My brother, who works in Canada, has come home. The underlined clause is- [RU C: 22-23]
A. a noun clause B. an adjective clause C. a conditional clause D. an adverbial clause Ans: B
21. The book which I borrowed from the library is very interesting. Name the underlined clause. [RU A: 21-22]
A. adverbial B. noun C. adjective D. co – ordinate Ans: C
22. Identify the underlined clause in the sentence, “I know the place where he was born.” [GST A: 22-23]
A. Adverbial clause B. Adjective clause C. Noun clause D. Conditional clause Ans: B
23. I remember the place where I was born. [IU B 10-11]
A. noun clause B. co-ordinate clause C. adjective clause D. adverbial clause Ans: C
24. I know the boy who will win. The underlined clause is- [RU A 18-19]
A. noun clause B. adjective clause C. adverbial clause D. principal clause Ans: B
25. I know the reason why Mithila has done it. [RU A 17-18]
A. Noun clause B. Adverbial clause C. Adjective clause D. Principal clause Ans: C
26. This is the pen that I lost yesterday. The underlined portion is- [JnU A 17-18]
A. Noun clause B. Dependent clause C. Adverb clause D. Adjective clause Ans: D
27. The house I live in belongs to my father. The underlined clause is a/an- [RU B 16-17]
A. noun clause B. adjective clause C. adverb clause D. main clause Ans: B
28. The girl whom you met in the hospital is my cousin. The underlined clause is a/an- [RU A 17-18]
A. noun clause B. adjective clause C. adverbial clause D. principal clause Ans: B
29. I know the man/boy who came here yesterday. The underlined clause is a/an- [PSTU A 10-11, RU A 16-17]
A. noun clause B. adjective clause C. adverbial clause D. principal clause Ans: B
30. The vegetables that people leave uneaten are the most nutritious. [BSMRSTU E 16-17]
A. noun clause B. appositive C. adjective clause D. complement Ans: C
31. This is the pen which I wanted. Identify the underlined clause. [IU B 16-17]
A. adjective clause B. main clause C. noun clause D. adverbial clause Ans: A

Adverb Clause: Principal clause-Gi Verb-‡K KLb, †Kv_vq, Kxfv‡e, †Kb Gme w`‡q cÖkœ Ki‡j Dˇi †h Clause cvIqv hvq, Zv‡K
Adverb Clause e‡j|
Examples: We read so that we may learn.
I shall go where he lives.
Adverbial clause "when? KLb?Ó, "where? †Kv_vq?Ó "how? Kxfv‡e?Ó ev “Why?” †Kb?Ó †Kvb KvR NUj GB cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi †`q|
Avgiv wb‡Pi D`vniY j¶ Kwi| Strike (while the iron is hot.) GLv‡b eªv‡K‡Ui g‡a¨i evK¨vsk¸‡jv Adverb Clause KviY while the
iron is hot mgq‡K eySv‡”Q| Some Examples :
(a) I read when my teacher comes. (Avwg KLb cwo- When)
(b) I will read where you read. (Avwg †Kv_vq coe- Where)
(c) I read that I may pass. (Avgiv †Kb cwo-Why)
(d) I will read how my teacher directs. (Avwg wKfv‡e coe- How)
Adverbial Clause Marker:

Clause Markers Use & meaning Examples of adverbial clauses

Because cause Because the teacher was sick
adverbial clause
, the class was postponed.
Since cause Since Uber and pathao are convenient
adverbial clause
, people use them.
Although opposition Although he doesn′ t waste money
adverbial clause
, he can’t save any money.
(contrary cause)

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even though contrast Even though she splet early
adverbial clause
, she woke up late.
(contrary cause)
While contrast while others use bus
Some people come to Dhaka by launch adverbial clause
.

If condition If he didn′ t help me during my exam

adverbial clause
, I wouldn’t pass in the exam.
Unless condition unless you study hard
You will not succeed adverbial clause
.
When time when you write regularly
Your writing improves adverbial clause
.
While time while they are sleeping
Some people like to listen to soothing song .
adverbial clause

As time as he is studing hard

He will get chance .
adverbial clause

Since time since her father went to see a doctor

Ayesha couldn’t come adverbial clause
.

Until time until your dream is fulfilled

Don’t stop working hard adverbial clause
.
Once time Once the teacher enters
adverbial clause
, the class will begin.

Before time before his father called

Osman had reached home adverbial clause
.
After time after I had completed my assignment
They came adverbial clause
.

Practices
32. Do as I say. Identify the underlined clause. [GST B Unit, 23-24]
A. noun B. adjective C. preposition D. adverb Ans: D
33. Rakib plans to join the air force when he leaves college. The underlined part is- [RU A: 22-23]
A. a noun clause B. an adverbial clause C. an adjective clause D. a principle clause Ans: B
34. ‘You can go wherever you like.’ The underlined clause is: [CKRUET: 22-23]
A. Adjective clause of place B. Adverbial clause of place
C. Adjective clause of time D. Adverbial clause of reason
E. Adverbial clause of purpose Ans: B
35. He read that we may learn. In this sentence the underlined clause is- [IU B 10-11]
A. co-ordinate clause B. noun clause C. adjective clause D. adverbial clause Ans: D
36. He can go where he want's. The underlined part is- [JKKNIU A 15-16, 16-17]
A. a noun clause B. a verb clause C. an adverbial clause D. an adjective phrase Ans: C
37. Show the clause of the underlined sentence. You may go wherever you like. [IU 06-07, CU E 10-11]
A. adverbial clause of place B. adverbial clause of time
C. adverbial clause of reason D. adverbial clause of noun Ans: A
38. Wherever I went I saw sings of poverty. The underlined clause is an–––– [IU 05-06]
A. adverbial clause of time B. adverbial clause of place
C. adverbial clause of manner D. adverbial clause of purpose Ans: B
39. In the sentence 'They were asked to wait till the signal was given' the underlined part constitutes- [†mvbvjx
e¨vsK (Awdmvi)- 18]
A. an adjective clause B. a noun clause C. a pronoun clause D. an adverb clause Ans: D
40. Though he is poor, he is honest. The underlined part of the sentence is: [RU C 18-19]
A. an adjective clause B. a principal clause C. a noun clause D. an adverbial clause Ans: D
41. He was so hungry that he began to eat greedily. The underlined clause is: [RU C 18-19]
A. an adjective clause B. a noun clause C. a main clause D. an adverbial clause Ans: D

English Foundation

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