Unit 4

chapter1
Q1. Briefly explain the concept of health, safety and security at workplace.
Ans. Health: Health of an employee is the state of the physical, mental and social well
being. Health of an employee must be in a good condition so that the employees will not
suffer from any diseases. Every organisation must provide healthy and safety working
environment for their employees at the workplace.
Safety: Safety at workplace refers to the work environment which is free from any hazards
and risk. A proper safety guidelines must be prepared by the company and it should be strictly
followed.
Security: Security is a kind of freedom from any potential harm. Security ensures the safety
of the people working in the organisation.
Q2. State the most important reasons for health, safety and security programs in workplace.
Ans. Most important reasons for health, safety and security programs in workplace are:
1. It clearly state that the company is not only doing the business for profits but it is taking
care of all its stake holders
. 2. It shows the performance of the business and the safety performance are compatible with
each other.
3. It clearly indicates the company’s commitment for their employee's health and safety.
4. Injuries and illness of the employees is prevented through such policy
. Q3. List out the various workplace safety hazards.
Ans. Various workplace safety hazards are
1. Physical Hazards
2. Electrical Hazards '
3. Fire Hazards
4, Ergonomic Hazards
5. Biological Hazards
Q4. List out the potential sources of hazards in an organisation.
Ans. Potential sources of hazards in an organisation are:
1. Hazards using Computers
2. Handling Office Equipment
3. Stress at Work
4, Working Environment
Q5. List some of the IT workplace hazards.
Ans. Some of the IT workplace hazards are:
1. Poor sitting postures or excessive duration of sitting in one position. These hazards may
result in pain and strain.
2. Making the same movement repetitively can also cause muscle fatigue.
3. Glare from the computer screen can be harmful to the eyes.
Q6. What are the examples of potential hazards? Ans. Examples of potential hazards are:
1. Hazards using Computers: Hazards while using computers include poor sitting postures
or excessive duration of sitting in one position. These hazards may result in pain and strain.
2. Handling Office Equipment: Improper handling of office equipment can result in
injuries. For example, sharp-edged equipment if not handled properly, can cause cuts.
3. Stress at Work: In an organisations, we may encounter various stress like long working
hours can be stressful and so can aggressive conflicts or arguments with colleagues
. 4. Working Environment: Potential hazards may include poor ventilation, chairs and tables
of inappropriate height, hard furniture, poor lighting, staff unaware of emergency procedures,
or poor housekeeping.
Q7. Describe information technology workplace hazards. Ans. Some of the information
technology workplace hazards are: 1. Poor sitting postures or excessive duration of sitting in
one position. These hazards may result in pain and strain.
2. Making the same movement repetitively can also cause muscle fatigue.
3. Glare from the computer screen can be harmful to the eyes.
Q8. What are the workplace safety rules? Ans. Workplace safety rules are
: A) Basic Fire safety rules in an organization are :
1) Fire escape plans must be installed at proper levels
2) Conduct regular drills 3) Smoke alarms must be placed at proper intervals 4) Keep
workplace a no-smoking zone 5) Maintenance of safety equipment must be taken care of
regularly
B)_Falls and Slips Safety rules 1) Keep the moving area clean and clutter free. 2)
Workplace must be proper ventilated receive light. 3) Wear non slippery footwear. 4) Floors
must be clean and dry 5) Oil spills, dust must be immediately cleaned.
C) Electrical Safety Rules: 1) Electrical equipment used should be approved by a
recognised organization. 2) Workers should be trained to handle the electric equipment safely.
3) Damaged and hazardous electrical equipment should be immediately replaced.
4) Heat emanating equipment should be kept away from the electrical equipment.
Q9. List out different safety guidelines?
Ans. Safety Guidelines are:—-
Ans. Safety Guidelines are: 1. Store all cleaning chemicals in tightly closed containers in
separate cupboards. 2. Make sure all areas have proper lighting. 3. Do not wear loose clothing
or jewellery when working with machines. 4. Never distract the attention of people who are
working near a fire or with some machinery. 5. Shut down all machines before leaving for the
workplace. 6. Do not play with electrical controls or switches
Q10. Describe type of emergency with example.
Ans. Various types of emergencies are there and there should be an emergency management
plan to handle the situation of emergency. Some of the types of emergencies are as follows :
1. Chemical spills 2. Extreme heat waves 3. Droughts 4, Pandemics 5. Terrorist attack 6. Fire
7. Floods 8. Thunderstorms 9. Leakage of some hazardous gas/ chemical

Chapter-2
Q1. What causes the water pollution?
Ans. Main causes of water pollution are:
1. Industrial waste
2. Sewage and Waste water
3. Oil Leaks and Spills
4. Fertilizers from Agriculture field
5. Household waste
Q2. What is occupational overuse syndrome?
Ans. Occupational overuse syndrome, also known as repetition strain injury (RSI), is a col-
lective term for a range of conditions, characterised by discomfort or persistent pain in mus-
cles, tendons and other soft tissues. It is usually caused with repetitive movement, sustained
or constrained postures and/or forceful movements.
Psycho-social factors, including stress in the working environment, may be important in the
development of
occupational overuse syndrome
Q3. What are musculoskeletal problems?
Ans. This problem include different areas of our body, such as neck, back, chests, arms shoul-
ders and feet. It occurs because of our wrong posture, uncomfortable chair for sitting that is
not ergonomically correct while working on the computer.
Q4. What cautions to be taken while working on the computer?
Ans.
1. Keep your monitor at least 20 to 30 inch away from you.
2. Maximise contact of your back against the backrest of the chair.
3. Always take small breaks while working on the computer.
4. Wear anti-glare glasses to work on computer.
Q5. Why there is no right way to use a laptop?
Ans. There is really no right way to use a laptop because if you position the screen at the right
height for your back and neck, it will cause you to have to lift your arms and shoulders too
high to use it and vice versa.
Q6. What causes eye strain and how to avoid it?
Ans. Computer's bright light, glare and flickering images can cause eye strain and visual fa-
tigue. It can be avoided by:
1. Adjusting the brightness of computer screen. 2. Keeping a proper vision distance from
computer.
3. Blinking our eyes at regular interval.
4. Wearing anti-glare glasses while working in computer.
Chapter-3
1.What is a workplace emergency?
Answer: A workplace emergency is an unexpected situation that threatens employees, cus-
tomers, or the public; disrupts or shuts down operations; or causes physical or environmental
damage.
2.How do you protect yourself, your employees, and your business? Answer: To protect your-
self, your employees, and your business, you should prepare for emergencies by creating an
emergency action plan, conducting regular training, maintaining emergency supplies, and en-
suring clear communication. 3. What is an emergency action plan? Answer: An emergency
action plan is a detailed plan outlining the procedures to follow during an emergency to en-
sure the safety of everyone in the workplace.
3.. What are the various types of fire extinguisher and their extinguishing material? Answer:
Class A: Water or foam (for ordinary combustibles like wood and paper) Class B: Carbon di-
oxide or dry chemical (for flammable liquids like gasoline) Class C: Dry chemical or carbon
dioxide (for electrical fires) Class D: Dry powder (for combustible metals like magnesium)
Class K: Wet chemical (for cooking oils and fats)
4. What should your emergency action plan include?
Answer: An emergency action plan should include: + Procedures for reporting emergencies +
Evacuation routes and exits + Emergency contact information + Procedures for employees
who remain to operate critical operations + Account for all employees after an evacuation +
Medical and rescue duties + Means of alerting employees to an emergency
5.How do you develop an evacuation policy and procedures?
Answer: To develop an evacuation policy and procedures:
• Identify potential emergencies and their impact
• Designate evacuation routes and exits
•Assign roles and responsibilities
• Create a communication plan
• Conduct training and drills
6. How do you establish evacuation routes and exits?
Answer: Establish evacuation routes and exits by:
• Ensuring they are clearly marked and well-lit
 • Keeping them free of obstructions
• Posting maps and signs
• Conducting regular inspections and drills
Q7. What type of display screen is suitable to work on computer?
Ans. We should use the modern LED monitors of legible size and with adequate spacing be-
tween the characters and lines. The image on the screen should be stable, with no flickering.
The screen must be free of reflective glare.
Q8. What type of keyboard is suitable to work on computer?
Ans. The keyboard should tilt and separate from the screen so that we can find a comforta-
ble working position to avoid fatigue in the arms or hands. The keyboard should have a matt
surface to avoid reflective glare. The symbols on the keys must be adequately contrasted.