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 Lesson # 1

Working with
Windows 10

In this lesson
Turning on the computer
OS and Windows interface (how to work with
windows)
File: its name and extension
Folders and nesting
Shortcuts
Create, copy, move, rename, and delete files and
folders
Searching and archiving files (7-zip)
Launching programs
Flash drive

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 Working with Windows 10

T
urn on the computer using the Start button. After you
do this, you will get to the Desktop of the Windows
operating system (Figure 1).

Figure 1

In simple terms, an operating system (OS) is a program

that controls the computer’s work as well as programs
installed on it. The most common OSs are Windows, MAC
OS (Mac Operational System), Linux. In this course, we will
discuss only the first of them.
You can create files and folders on your desktop in order
to quickly open them as you work. You can also change
the appearance of the desktop, like, replace the standard
wallpaper with an image you like.

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 #11
Lesson #

Have you ever heard of files? A file is a container for

storing a certain type of information.
All information on the computer is stored as files. An
image, song, video, app – these are all files. Each file has a
name and extension, type and size (Figure 2). You can copy,
delete, and edit its name and send it by using the context
menu. But we will get back to this later.

Figure 2

You can put files in folders. Create a new folder by click-

ing the right mouse button on an empty space and selecting
New > Folder (Figure 3).

Figure 3

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 Working with Windows 10

When created, the folder automatically offers us to name

it (Figures 4 and 5). So, give it a name, let it be Begin. Enter
the name in the text box.

Figure 4 Figure 5

You can rename the folder later using the shortcut

Ctrl + Shift + N or the context menu: right-click and choose
Rename (Figure 6).

Figure 6

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Lesson #

Suppose we added several different files to this folder over

time. You can arrange them in a certain order. For example,
by Name, Date modified, Type, and Size. To do this, call the
context menu by clicking on an empty space inside the folder
and choose one of the options (Figure 7).

Figure 7

You can also change the view of the files inside the folder.
For this, call the context menu, then hover over View and
choose one of the following views: Extra large icons, Large
icons, List, etc. (Figure 8).

Figure 8

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 Working with Windows 10

Figure 9 shows how files can be displayed in folders.

Figure 9

Every file on the computer has two names: short and

full.
Let’s say you have Paint (an app intended for digital
drawing) installed on your computer. So, Paint is a short
name of the file. The full name is the chain of names of all
the folders, from the root directory to the folder containing
this file. This is its full name: C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\
Windows\StartMenu\Programs\WindowsAccessories.
The full path to the file is displayed in the title bar at the
top of the window (Figure 10).

Figure 10

Paint is a Windows system program (meaning that if

your OS is Windows, then you have Paint by default); this is
why the full file name is so long. But the full file name may
be shorter, like here: D:\2019\pictures (see Figure 11 on page
8).
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 #11
Lesson #

Figure 11

You can find a file by its name using the search in the
Taskbar. Taskbar is a bar at the bottom of the screen
containing the Start button, the Search icon, the Timeline
icon, and the currently running programs. To quickly find
any file, enter its name in the search bar (Figures 12 and 13).

Figures 12 and 13

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 Working with Windows 10

You can change the file location by moving it to another

folder. In order to do this, hold down the file with the left
mouse button and drag it to the desired location. You can
also copy a file from one folder and insert it into another one.
For this, call the context menu by right-clicking on the file
and select Copy. Then go to another folder, right-click on an
empty space, and choose Paste (Figures 14 and 15).

Figure 14

Figure 15

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Lesson #

To get quick access to files that you often use, you can
add them to the desktop as shortcuts. A shortcut is a pointer
to the file you want to open. To create it, call the context
menu and then select Create shortcut (Figure 16). A dialog
box may appear (Figure 17) and ask you if you want to create
a shortcut. Click Yes to add the shortcut to your desktop
(Figure 18).

Figure 16

Figure 17 Figure 18

Also, any folder or file can be compressed (archived)

(Figure 19).

Figure 19

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 Working with Windows 10

Do this by calling the context menu again and choosing

Add to archive. This way, the information takes up less
space, and the computer can have more files.
Let’s archive the newly created Begin folder. Select ZIP,
which is one of the most common archive file formats. Then
confirm your action by clicking on OK (Figures 20 and 21).

Figures 20 and 21

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Lesson #

There are two ways to delete a file:

■■ by calling the file context menu and clicking Delete;
■■ by dragging the file to the Recycle Bin icon on your
desktop (Figure 22).
Although being deleted, the file is still stored on your PC
in the Recycle Bin. If you want to delete the file permanently,
you should empty the Recycle Bin. For this, right-click on
an empty space in the Recycle Bin folder and choose Empty
Recycle Bin (Figure 23).

Figure 22 Figure 23

Delete the Begin folder created at the beginning of the

lesson.
All files, hence all information, are on the hard drive.
Although it is a single device in real life, virtually you can
split it into several drives (or disks). You can have 1, 2, and
more drives. The computer used for writing this text has two
local disks (Figure 24):
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 Working with Windows 10

Figure 24

C drive is a system drive. It is used to install the

operating system and other important programs. But all the
photos, music, and personal info are best stored on D drive.
This is done for convenience. Let’s say you need to reinstall
the operating system. In this case, all your files will not be
deleted from your computer.
A USB flash drive is a portable drive, storage device
used for transferring data between computers (Figure 25).

Figure 25

The flash drive can store files and folders of any type.
Files on the flash drive are managed (copied or deleted) like
on local drives.

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Lesson #

Note! If you delete a file from the flash drive, it does not
go to the Recycle Bin but is permanently deleted.
If you urgently need to transfer files from one computer to
another, and there is no access to the Internet, use the flash
drive.
When the file is open, all the work takes place in a
window (Figure 26). To open a file, hover it and double-click
on it with the left mouse button. Let’s open the folder named
This PC.

Figure 26

An active window is the window in which you are

currently working. It is on top of other open windows and
highlighted. You can also activate programs on the Taskbar
to switch between them. To do this, left-click on the program
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 Working with Windows 10

icon. The active window is always highlighted, and the

minimized one is underlined (Figure 27).

Figure 27

You can also move windows for convenience. Do this by

moving the pointer to the topmost bar of the window (Figure
28), hold down the left mouse button and pull it to the side
while still holding it. Then release the mouse button.

Figure 28

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Lesson #

The Taskbar at the bottom of the screen (Figure 29)

displays all windows that are currently open and contains
program icons. You can click on any of them to open a
program.

Figure 29

You can manually pin there the programs you need. To do

this, right-click on the Toolbar and choose Toolbars > New
Toolbar (Figure 30). Select a folder, let it be Music, and con-
firm your action by pressing Select Folder (Figure 31).

Figure 30

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 Working with Windows 10

Figure 31

Any open window can be minimized, maximized, or

closed. There are three icons in the upper right corner of the
window for this (Figure 32).

Figure 32

A minimized window (Figure 33) displays on the

Taskbar (Figure 34).

Figure 33

Figure 34

To maximize it again, click on its icon on the Taskbar.

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Lesson #

The maximized window occupies the entire screen

(Figures 35 and 36).

Figure 35

Figure 36

If you close the window (Figure 37), the computer stops

executing this task. If you close a file, you have to reopen it
later.

Figure 37

If you have several windows open, and you need them all
on the screen, you can arrange them automatically.

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 Working with Windows 10

For this, right-click on the Taskbar to call the context

menu and choose the option convenient to you (Figure 38):
■■ Cascade windows;
■■ Show windows stacked;
■■ Show windows side by side.
To minimize all the windows, click Show the desktop.

We discussed the main principles of working in Windows.

In your free time, upload your photos to your computer,
add videos, try to find interesting system programs and
create their shortcuts.
All this is the basis for your productive work in the future!

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Lesson # 1
Working with Windows 10

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