Report On Orality and Writing
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ScribdTranslationsSummary of presentation:
Orality and Writing
Group no.1
Orality
It is the mode of verbal communication through sounds produced by the voice.
human and perceived through hearing. It is the first mode of complex communication
used in human societies before writing, which is not necessarily
it is born in all primitive cultures.
Orality is a communicative form that ranges from the cry of a newborn.
until the dialogue generated among friends, which has always existed, is a means of
verbal expression between individuals or a society.
There are two types of orality:
The primary, which refers to the cultures that only possess it to communicate and
that allows for the activation of memory. Oral cultures have a set of
knowledge, habits, traditions, representations, symbolism and meanings
that allow them to be discovered.
The secondary one is the one managed by advanced cultures that have writing. This has
converted into memory support.
Characteristics of orality:
Oral communication is spontaneous and immediate. This means that the sender,
Although it can rectify its issuance, it cannot erase it.
It prepares and issues its message almost simultaneously with the moment it is
understood by the receiver. For its part, the receiver must begin to understand the
message as it is issued.
Oral communication is accompanied by extra-verbal contexts.
necessary for its understanding: the communicative situation, the characteristics of
sender and receiver, the moment and place in which it occurs, etc.
In oral productions, there is a less rigorous selection of topics and
they produce digressions, changes of topic, repetitions and reiterations, data
irrelevant, etc.
Oral language allows the use of:
Hypernym words functioning as wildcards (words like 'thing', 'this')
"ecir" is used to replace names of things, ideas, people, places
or general issues that arise in the conversation) and therefore, it is
infrequent use of words with specific meanings.
Linguistic tics and fillers ('I mean', 'well', 'right?') serving as connectors.
even if they do not agree with the logical connection;
Onomatopoeias, idiomatic expressions, and proverbs.
Lexical repetition.
Written language presents greater lexical and conceptual density, and is characterized by:
Remove linguistic elements that do not have a specific semantic content.
(fillers).
Eliminate lexical repetitions by using synonyms.
Use the words in their most formal and precise semantic meaning.
The writing
The word writing comes from the Latin scriptura which is related to the verb
to write, which refers to expressing an idea on a material support by using it
certain symbols, which are commonly letters.
Writing is a system that allows a language to be materialized using certain
graphic signs. Writing is the art of writing, also referring to the letter,
document or the paper that has been written.
The first writings were made on waxed wooden tablets, where
reeds were used for writing, which was known as stilus. Subsequently
these rods were replaced by feathers.
It is a metalanguage principle or the representation of language and can be used to
refer to certain aspects of writing.
Types of writing
Hieroglyphics: A writing system that used pictograms used in a way
phonetics, indicating words that could not be represented by an image
concrete.
Demotic script: It is a form of hieroglyphic writing presented in a way
simplified. Its name comes from the Greek 'demotikos' which refers to belonging to
to the people.
Cuneiform writing: It presented itself as rectangular impressions made
on clay tablets, which were made in a reed style and with shape
of wedge.
Pictographic writing: A type of writing used in the Neolithic phase. The
designs of the objects were made on the rocks, where each one arrives at
to represent a sentence.
Alphabetical writing: It focuses on the representation of ideas and concepts as
It usually happens in ideograms, but it starts from the representation of the
sounds or phonemes, where each sign has a certain sound.
Consonant writing: In this, the main letters are designated as
consonants, as is the case with the Hebrew and Arabic alphabet.
Vocalized phonetic writing: here the signs come to represent the
consonants and vowels, an example of this is the Latin alphabet and the Greek.
Syllabary writing: It is about the set of signs that come to represent
syllables that are then combined to create words.
Relationship between orality and writing
Since always, the study of language, whether oral or written, has been a reason for
debate and center of linguistic studies It has been discussed whether language has roots
oral or written or attempts have been made to establish a predominance of one over the other.
The emergence of writing marked a break with respect to the forms of
to conceive the word (the orality) since it allows to establish outside of thought the
that can actually only exist within it, if we analyze its origin it depends on the
needs that man has had since ancient times.
Communication has always been a necessity of life for human beings.
there many ways of communicating have been devised. Commonly the oral language and
Written texts are the most commonly used when transmitting a message.
Blanche Benveniste (1998) who believes that from writing, one can
study orality, as it allowed the tradition of written language to be carried over to the
oral language.
We can write a text related to orality and writing, happening
that the sender expresses a message through oral communication and the receiver writes it down.
message heard.
A writing can be an oral discourse, as can happen in workshops,
work meetings among others. highlighting that we can read the writing
and then explain it.
journalistic texts often relate these two fields, because they record or
they listen to the oral information and then write it down as stated
information.
Both participate in the expressive nature of language: this means that
Both oral and written forms are expressions of language.
Both have structure and meaning.
Both constitute means to express knowledge, emotional states and
denomination of material objects.
Form, the two, an essential part of the culture of a society.
They express the history of human interaction.
Thanks to languages, we know what happens around us, thanks to
that currently oral and written language is the right of everyone.
Both languages are recognized by the symbol of a postal envelope.
Difference between Orality and Writing
The different theoretical conceptions of language have progressively tended to
differentiate written language from oral communication.
Orality and writing are forms of language production that are distinguished.
deeply from one another, as they are different because they are characterized by
different ways.
Thought is coupled with sound, furthermore
language exists as spoken or heard independent of writing. For a long time
There have been generations of cultures in prehistoric times that communicated through
through a language and sound, to express what they wanted without forgetting that in that
then writing did not exist.
Orality and writing have a very particular difference since orality
There has always been, through human language, a way to communicate verbally and the
writing seems to be an artificial system created by man to represent
orality.
The receiver of an oral text successively perceives the sounds that are linked together.
in words and sentences. In contrast, the receiver of a written text has a
simultaneous perception of the text as a whole, of its dimensions, and that gives it
it allows you to schedule the time it will take you to read it.
Oral communication is spontaneous and immediate. This means that the sender,
Although it can correct its issuance, it cannot erase it. It prepares and issues its message.
almost simultaneously with the moment it is understood by the receiver.
On the contrary, written communication has the peculiarity of being elaborated.
and deferred. The sender can review, correct, or rectify their message before it
I reached the receiver, and without them noticing the changes or corrections that
changes have been made in the production of the text.
Oral communication is ephemeral, not only because sound is perceptible in form
momentary and then disappears, but also because the memory of the
receivers and even the transmitters are unable to remember everything that was said. The
written communication, on the other hand, is durable, as the letters are inscribed in
material supports that remain over time, This permanence grants them
written texts, social prestige, and credibility.
Verbal communication relies on a large number of verbal codes such as the
intonation of the voice, gestures, body movements, clothing,
etcetera, while written communications do not use them and must
develop linguistic resources to convey these meanings.
In oral texts, a large part of the connecting elements between meanings are
data by elements belonging to non-verbal codes, such as a
change of intonation or speed in what is said, pauses and indications
gestures. In written texts, the connection is always provided by elements.
graphics (punctuation marks), logical and semantic connectors.