Govt.
Technical Training Centre Taunsa Sharif
Computer:
Computer is an electronic device used to solve different problems according to instructions given
to it. A computer can accept data, process data into useful information and store it for later use.
Data CPU Information ROM
Input Process Output Store/Save
Difference Between Data and Information:
Data Information
Raw Fact and figure which given to Output, result/Processed Material
computer/Unprocessed Material Result/Output that it give to us
Instructions/Input that we
give to it
Components of Computer
There are two components of computer:
1. Hardware
2. Software
1. Hardware: The physical parts of computer is called hardware.
Example
2. Software
A set of instructions given to computer to solve a problem. OR Non-Physical parts of computer.
Types of Software:
1. Application Software: A set of instructions given to computer to solve a specific problem.For
example: Microsoft Office, Typing Master, Inpage, WhatsApp, Facebook etc.
2. System Software: A set of application software given to computer. A computer can’t nothing
without System Software. For example, Windows, Linux Unix etc.
Types of Devices:
1. Input Devices:
Any order which is given by user to Computer is called Input and the devices which used to send data to
computer are known as Input Devices. For example: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Camera, Mic, Joystick etc.
• 2. Output devices
1. Output Devices: Answer/Information/Result of input is called output and hardware parts used to produce result
from computer are known as Output Devices. For example: LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), Printer, Projector,
Speaker etc.
Generation of Computer
There are five generations of computer.
First Generation
Generation Technology Date End
1st Vacuum Tube 1942 1955
Second Generation
Generation Technology Date End
1st Vacuum Tube 1942 1955
2nd Transistor 1955 1964
Third Generation
Generation Technology Date End
1st Vacuum Tube 1942 1955
2nd Transistor 1955 1964
3rd Integrated Circuits 1964 1975
Fourth Generation
Generation Technology Date End
1st Vacuum Tube 1942 1955
2nd Transistor 1955 1964
3rd Integrated Circuits 1964 1975
4th Microprocessor 1975 Present
Fifth Generation
Generation Technology Date End
1st Vacuum Tube 1942 1955
2nd Transistor 1955 1964
3rd Integrated Circuits 1964 1975
4th Microprocessor 1975 Present
5th Artificial Intelligence Present Beyond
Storage Devices
RAM : Random Access Memory
ROM: Read Only Memory
RAM: Random Access Memory
It is volatile memory.
Fast Access.
Temporary Storage
Load Program before opening.
Lose all data when computer shutdown
ROM: Read Only Memory
Non Volatile Memory.
Permanent Storage.
Slower Access.
Large Storage.
Data will not be delete when computer shutdown.
CPU
Central Processing Unit
A CPU, or Central Processing Unit, is a computer's primary component that processes
data and instructions. It's also known as the “main processor“ or Processor.
It is also called “Brain of computer” or “Heart of Computer”.
Runs the operating system and applications.
Performs arithmetic and logic operations.
Transforms data input into usable information output.
ALU and CU
ALU stand for Arithmetic and Logic Unit, which performs mathematical calculations
like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division.
CU stand for Control Unit which directs the overall operation of the CPU by managing
the flow of instructions and data between different components within the processor.
