POPULATION: -
A population is a summation of all the organisms of
the same group or species, which live in the samne
geographical area, and have the capability of
interbreeding.
POLICY: -
Set of ldeas or Plans that is used as a basis for
decision making;
Attitude and actions of an organization regarding a
particular issue;
General Statement of understanding which guide
decision making.
NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY
The need for National Population Policy was felt since
70's. It was drafted in 1976. Policy statement on family
welfare program was also prepared in 1977. Both these
statements were tabled in the parliament but were never
discussed or adopted.
The National Health Policy of 1983 emphasized the
need for securing the small family norm through
voluntary efforts and moving towards the goal of
population stabilization.
IMPORTANTFEATURES OF
NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY
1976:
Increase the age of marriage from 15 to 18 years for
girls and from 18 to 21 years for boys.
Freeze the population figures at the 1971 level until
2001.
Make some portion of central assistance provided to
the states dependent upon their perfomance in family
planning8.
Give greater attention to education of girls.
Ensure
a proper place
system of education.
for population education in the total
Involve all ministries and departments of the govenment
in the family planning program.
Increase the monetary compensation for sterilization.
Institute awards as incentives for various
group
organizations and bodies representing the people at local
Zillah Parishad and Panchayat Samiti.
levels, including
Encourage intimate association of voluntary
organizations. Particularly those representing women,
with implementation of program.
Impart more importance to research activities in the field
of population control.
Use mass media for motivation, particularly in rural areas,
to increase the acceptance of family planning methods.
NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY
2000:
In 1998,draft of National
a
was finalized after
consultation it was
Population Policy
of
approved by the cabinet and was examined by groups
discussed in cabinet on 19th
ministers. The draft was
Nov.1999. The suggestions
were incorporated and the
Policy was placed
final draft of National Population
before the parliament. It
was adopted by the government
15th Feb. 2000.
of India on
OBJECTIVES OF NATIONAL
POPULATION POLICY2000:
1.The immediate objectives are:
OTo address the unmet needs for contraception, health
care infrastructure, and health personnel.
To provide integrated service delivery for basic
reproductive and child health care.
2.The medium term obiective is:
O To bring the Total Fertility Rate toreplacement levels
by 2010, through vigorous implementation of
Intersectoral operational strategies.
3.Thelong term objective is:
O To achieve a stable population by 2045, at a level
requirements of sustainable socio
consistent with the
economic growth and developments and environmental
protection.
NATIONAL SOCIO-
DEMOGRAPHIC GOALS FOR 2010:
and child
Address the unmet needs for basic reproduction
health services, supplies and infrastructure.
and
Make school education up to age of 14 free
outs primary and secondary
compulsory and reduce drop and boys.
schools levels below 20 % for both girls
Reduce infant mortality rate to below 30 per 1000 live
births.
ratio to below 100 per 10,000
Reduce maternal mortality
live births.
of children against all
Achieve universal immunization
vaccine preventable diseases.
Promote delayed marriage for girls, not earlier than age
18 and preferably after 20 years of age.
Achieve 80 % institutional deliveries and 100 % deliveries
by trained persons.
Achieve universal access to information / counseling and
regulation and contraception with
a
services for fertility
basket of choice.
and
Achieve 100% registrations of births, death, marriage
pregnancy.
Contain the spread AIDS and promote greater integration
of
between the management of reproductive tract infection and
sexually transmitted infections and the national AIDS control
organizations.
Prevent and control communicable diseases.
medicine in the provision of
Integrate Indian system of services and in reaching out to the
reproductive and child health
levels of total fertility rate.
to achieve
Promote vigorously the small family norm
levels of total fertility rate.
replacement
about convergence in implementation of related social
Bring so that family welfare becomes
a people
sector programs
centered program.
STRATEGIC THEMES:
1. Decentralized planning and program implementation.
2. Convergence of service delivery at village levels.
for improved health and
3. Empowering women
nutrition.
4. Child survival and Child Health.
5. Meting the unmet needs for family welfare services.
6. Under-served population groups:
a Urban slums
Tribal communities, hill area population and displaced
and migrant populations
Adolescents
Increased participation of men in Planned Parenthood.
7. Diverse health care's
providers.
8. Collaboration with and commitments from non-
government organizations and the private sector.
9. Mainstreaming Indian Systems of Medicine and
Homeopathy.
10. Providing for the Older Population.
11. Information, Education
12. Communication.
PROMOTIONAL AND
MOTIVATIONAL MEASURES:
In order to achieve the objectives and goals of the
National Population Policy, 2000 the following
promotional and motivational measures are enumerated:
Panchayats and Zila Parishads will be rewarded and
honoured for exemplary perfomance in universalizing
the small family norm, achieving reduction in infant
mortality and birth rates and promoting literacy with
completion of primary schooling.
Balika Samridhi Yojana run by the Department of
Women and Child Development, to promote survival
and care of the girl child, will continue. A cash
incentive of Rs. 500 is awarded at the birth of the girl
child of birth order 1 or 2.
Maternity benefit scheme run by the Department of
Rural Development will continue. A cash incentive of
Rs. 500 is awarded to mothers who have their first
child after 19 years of age, for birth of the 1st and 2d
child only.
Afamily Welfare- linked Health Insurance Plan will
be established. Couples below the poverty line, who
undergo sterilization with not more than 2 living
children's, would become eligible for health insurance
not exceeding Rs 5000, and a personal accident
insurance cover for the spouse undergoing sterilization.
Couples below the poverty line, who marry after the
legal age of marriage, register the marriage, have their
first child after the mother reaches the age of 21, accept
the family norm, and adopt a terminal method after
birth of 2nd child, will be rewarded.
Arevolving fund will be set up for income- generation
by level self help groups, who
activities village-level health care services.
provide community-
Crèches of childcare centers will be opened in rural
areas and urban slums. This will facilitate and promote
participation of women in paid employment.
will
A wider and affordable choice of contraceptives
with
be made accessible at diverse delivery points
counseling service.
Facilities for safe abortion will be
expanded.
strengthened and
Products and services will be made affordable
innovative social marketing schemes. through
Local entrepreneurs at village levels will be
soft loans and provided
encouraged to run ambulance services to
supplement the existing arrangement for referral
transportation.
Increased vocational training schemes for
leading girls,
to
self-employment, will be encouraged.
Strict enforcement of Child Marriage Restraints Act, 1976.
Strict enforcement of the pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques
Act, 1994.
Soft loans to ensure mobility to the ANMs will be
increased.
The 42nd constitutional amendment has frozen the number
of representatives
freeze is
in loksabha at 1971 census level. The
currently valid until 2001, and has served as an
incentive for State Govemment to fearlessly pursue the
agenda for population stabilization. The freeze needs to be
extended until 2026.
