Psychology PYQs (2011-21)

Paper - 1
S No Syllabus/ Topic Year Questions Marks
1. Introduction: 2011 Describe the key assumptions on which psychology claims to be a science. 10
Definition of Psychology;
2011 What is social constructionism? How does it challenge the mainstream psychology? 20
Historical antecedents of
Psychology and trends in the 21st 2011 Examine the concerns for control, measurement and artifacts, and also indicate the threats they pose to the development of scientific psychology. 30
century; 2012 Elucidate the contributions of Sir Francis Gallon in shaping psychology. 12
Psychology and scientific
methods; 2013 How do novices differ from experts ? 10
Psychology in relation to other 2013 Critically evaluate the cognitive approach to the study of psychological phenomena. 10
social sciences and natural The discipline of psychology has grown and developed through debate between those who held that it should be modelled on natural science and those who subscribed to
sciences; 2013 25
the view that it has to follow the model of social science. What arguments you envision for or against these views ? What position you would like to endorse and why ?
Application of Psychology to
societal problems. 2014 Explain how the creation of superordinate goals can help in resolving social conflicts. 10
2014 What social and psychological factors come in the way of population control in India? 10
2015 Why is it important to understand psychological processes for other disciplines of social science ? 10
1
2015 Keeping in view the strife in current social situation, discuss how a psychologist can contribute towards providing interventions for such problems. 15
2016 Explain how the fundamental understanding of psychology is helpful in the resolution of societal problems. 10
2016 Describe how you used psychology to solve a social problem. 10
2017 Psychology is the scientific study of behaviour. Evaluate.
2019 Citing research evidences, bring out the role of cultural factors in socialization. 20
2019 Explain the role of hypothesis in psychological researches with suitable e.g. 10
2019 The edifice of behaviourism was built in loopholes of teleological approach in psychoanalysis. Evaluate. 10
2019 How did structuralism contribute to the development of psychology as a discipline? Evaluate 10

2. Methods of Psychology: 2010 Under what conditions would a researcher prefer to use focused group discussion over interviewing? 10
Types of research: Descriptive,
2010 In what ways does an experimental design differ from a quasi-experimental design? 10
evaluative, diagnostic and
prognostic; 2011 Suggest a plan of an experimental study to evaluate the effect of compensatory education on academic achievement of school-going students from low income group. 10
Methods of Research: Survey, 2012 Discuss the criteria of question-writing in a survey research. 12
observation, case-study and
experiments; 2013 What is ethnocentrism ? How is it reflected in psychological research ? 10
Characteristics of experimental 2015 How far is it correct to state that most of the problems of psychology can be addressed more adequately by adopting quasi-experimental designs? 10
design and non-experimental
2015 It is believed that non-experimental designs are more relevant for explaining the emerging issues like social evils that are seen prominently in India. Discuss. 20
design, Quasi-experimental
designs; 2016 How can confounding variables invalidate the apparent results of an experiment? 10
Focussed group discussions, 2016 Discuss, with suitable examples, the key characteristics of within-group and between-groups designs. 15
brain storming,
grounded theory approach. 2017 How can you use 'Focus Group Discussion' to promote use of toilets in rural areas ?
2 Why is the principle of random assignment of participants used in experimental method? How do experimenter effects and demand characteristics influence participants'
2018 20
behaviour in experimentation? What procedures can be adopted to minimize such pitfalls?
2019 Differentiate between the experimental and quasi-experimental designs. Evaluate the applications of quasi-experimental designs in psychological researches. 20
2019 Explain the role of hypothesis in psychological researches with suitable e.g. 10
2019 "Diagnostic and prognostic research are complementary to each other" Explain with suitable e.g. 10
2020 How can the grounded theory approach help to explore layperson’s definition of happiness? 15
 2

S No Syllabus/ Topic Year Questions Marks

2021 What are the limits of intuition and common sense? Why do psychologists emphasise on scientific methods? Discuss 10
2021 How do basic and applied research differ? Explain how knowledge from basic research helps solve practical problems. 20

3. Research Methods: 2010 What are the problems a researcher is likely to face in making causal inferences if the researcher were to use a single-group pre-test-post-test design? 30
Major steps in Psychological
2012 Bring out the difference between 'sampling error' and 'error in sampling'. How 'sampling error' is reduced ? 12
research (problem statement,
hypothesis formulation, research 2012 Discuss the three basic conditions for using 't'-test of significance. Describe at least five different uses of 't'-test with examples. 20
designs, sampling, tools of data 2012 Compare LISREL programme with that of SPSS in the analysis of multivariate data.
collection, analysis and
interpretation and report writing) 2013 What are the requirements to be met by psychological assessment tools for offering accurate and useful measure of psychological constructs ? 15
Fundamental versus applied 2015 Under what kind of research conditions does the use of factor analysis become necessary ? Discuss. 20
research;
2015 With suitable examples, discuss the logic behind following the systematic steps in conducting psychological research. 15
Methods of data collect ion (
interview, observat ion, quest 2017 In a study, the number of students intake in a college correlated very highly with violence. Explain the research finding.
ionnaire); 2017 Evaluate "interview" as a method of data collection.
Research designs (ex-post facto
and experimental); 2017 Which research design would you apply to prove that a particular method of teaching yields best results ? Describe.
Application of statistical technique 2018 What are the assumptions underlying ANOVA? Discuss the conditions when two-way ANOVA is applied and how the results are interpreted with a hypothetical example. 20
3 (t - test, two way ANOVA
How can different methods of sampling and data collection be useful in impact evaluation of government
correlation, regression and factor 2018 15
social schemes? Describe with a suitable example.
analysis);
Item response theory. 2019 Two-way ANOVA is not merely an addition of two one-way ANOVAa. Describe and evaluate with examples. 15
2020 Define the precursors of the development of item response theory. In what ways will it be helpful help in the advancement of the area of attitude testing? 15
2020 Differentiate between exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. What is their significance in test construction? Elaborate your answer with suitable examples. 20
2020 How is quasi-experimental design different from experimental design? Describe different forms of quasi-experimental design with special emphasis on time-series design. 15
2020 Explain the various assumptions and ways of performing regression analysis. Also compare standardized and unstandardized beta coefficients with suitable examples. 15
2021 "Some psychological measures can be reliable but not valid". Elaborate it with examples. 10
2021 Describe the different methods for making a psychological test reliable. 10

4. Development of Human 2010 You are the head of an office in which employees habitually come late and leave early. Suggest a behaviour modification plan for such employees. 20
Behaviour:
2010 Briefly suggest how well-being of the elderly can be promoted. 10
Growth and development;
Principles of development, 2010 How can biological aging be modified with the help of environmental factors? 30
Role of genetic and environmental 2010 What is likely to happen if a person is asked to behave in a manner contrary to the attitude the person holds? Explain on the basis of a theory. 10
factors in determining human
behaviour; 2010 How do task similarity and modality influence dual-task performance? 30
Influence of cultural factors in 2010 Discuss the stages of psychosexual development according to Freud. 10
socialization;
2010 What are the stages of cognitive development according to Piaget? 10
Life span development -
Characteristics, development 2011 How does the brain mediate between the genotype and the phenotype for psychological characteristics? 10
tasks, promoting psychological 2011 Compare the Indian and western constructions of ‘Self’ with reference to cross-cultural studies and bring out their implication for well-being. 30
well-being across major stages of
the life span
 factors in determining human
behaviour;
Influence of cultural factors in
socialization;
Life span development -
Characteristics, development
tasks, promoting psychological
S No well-being Topic
Syllabus/
across major stages of
Year Questions Marks
the life span 2011 Critically evaluate the role of parenting style, peer group and media in identity formation during adolescence. 30
2012 Describe the role of epigenetic model in determining human behaviour. 12
2012 Examine the impact of cultural factors on socialization process among children. 20
2013 How do genes affect development ? 10
2013 Discuss the importance of early relationship for developmental outcomes in the light of researches by Bowlby and Anisworth. 15
2014 Bring out the key developmental challenges fac ed by adolescents in the cognitive and social domaips. 25
'Every function in the child's development appears twice : first on social level and later, on the individual level. "-Vygotsky Discuss the above statement and indicate your
2014 10
own position on this proposition.
2014 Discuss how happiness may influence psychological well-being and health. 15
2014 What psychological conditions keep the poor in a socially disadvantaged state? 15
2014 How can the adverse consequences of social disadvantage be alleviated ? 15
2014 What are gender stereotypes in India ? How do they feed into gender discrimination ? 15
2015 Discuss the role of socio-cultural factors in promotion of well-being across major stages of life-span. 10
4 2015 “Children are not bom with stereotypes; they learn them from their family, peers, media and society.”— Discuss. 20
2015 Describe Piaget’s stages of cognitive development. Critique his theory. 15
2016 "Cognitive psychologists often use computer as an analogy to explain the relation between cognition and brain." Discuss. 10
2016 Identify the most important changes that occur during adolescence 10
2016 Critically evaluate Erikson's stages of Psychosocial development. 15
2016 Describe the parenting styles that are used in raising a normal child. 15
2017 Do you think subliminal messages can actually lead to significant changes in attitudes or behaviour ? Cite research evidence.
2017 How would you apply Operant Conditioning technique for toilet training to a 3-year-old boy ?
2017 Whatever we are, it is because of Genes. Discuss.
2018 According to Piaget, the egocentric preschooler is not intentionally 'inconsiderate' but rather has difficulty taking another's viewpoint. Explain.
2019 What is the significance of attachment to parents in social & emotional well-being of the child ? Illustrate from perspective of developmental theories. 15
2019 Citing research evidences, bring out the role of cultural factors in socialization. 20
2018 Differentiate between various developmental tasks of young men and women in India. 15
2020 Explain the five most important perspectives to define human behaviour. 15
2020 How are psychological, neural and cognitive changes associated with ageing? Explain. 15
2021 Describe the role of mass media in shaping the behaviour of adolescents. Support it with appropriate examples 10
2021 Discuss the factors causing cognitive decline in the elderly. 15
2021 How much nature (genetic factors) and nurture (environmental factors) contribute to a person's physical, cognitive and socio-emotional development ? 20
2021 Formal operational thought is not universally achieved. Discuss. 10

5. Sensation, Attention and 2010 Discuss the role of monocular and binocular cues in depth perception. 20
Perception:
2010 What is sensory adaptation? Explain with examples. 10
Sensation: concepts of threshold,
absolute and difference
thresholds,
signal-detection and vigilance;
Factors influencing attention
including set and characteristics
of stimulus;
 5. Sensation, Attention and
Perception:
S No Sensation:Topic
Syllabus/
concepts of threshold,
Year Questions Marks
absolute and difference 2011 What do illusions tell about the nature of perception? 10
thresholds, 2011 Contrast bottom-up and top-down theories of perception. 10
signal-detection and vigilance;
Factors influencing attention 2011 How does signal-detection theory envisage the decision process? In what other areas of psychology can it be applied? 30
including set and characteristics 2012 Discuss the 'pay-off matrix' in relation to the signal detection theory. 12
of stimulus;
2012 Describe Broadbent's filter theory of attention. Why this elegant theory turned out to be inadequate ? Comment upon the alternate approaches. 30
Definition and concept of
perception, 2012 valuate °duplicity theory' of vision. Cite experimental evidences in support of this theory.
biological factors in perception; 2015 Demonstrate with suitable examples how the signal detection theory has helped in modifying the process of vigilance. 15
Perceptual organization-influence
of past experiences, 2015 Do the cultural settings influence the understanding and evaluation of meanings of external stimuli ? Provide suitable justification for your answer. 15
perceptual defence-factors Describe the phenomenon of subliminal perception and explain it with reference to the concepts of backward marking and visual priming. Do you think that the effect of the
2016 15
influencing space and depth phenomenon of subliminal perception can be generalized ?
perception, size estimation and How are we able to perceive the world in three
perceptual readiness; 2017 dimensions when our eyes are capable of sensing only
The plasticity of perception; two-dimensional images ?
Extrasensory perception; 2018 Explain and critically evaluate the phenomenon of perceptual defence.
5
Culture and perception,
Subliminal perception. 2018 Discuss signal detection theory and explain its applications. 15
2018 Perception is plastic. However, it may also be affected by innate tendencies. Critically evaluate. 20
2019 Citing examples from life situations, explain the phenomenon of perceptual organisation. 15
2019 Why do most people experience geometrical illusions? Explain from psychological perspective. 10
2019 Discuss the effect of stimulus deprivation on human behaviour with empirical evidences. 20
2019 How do we see the objects in 3 dimensions? Discuss the factors influencing the same. 10
2019 How do env factors determine the sensation of hunger? Illustrate with e.g. 15
2020 Describe brain plasticity and factors affecting it. 10
2021 Describe the bottom-up and top-down processing of sensory information. 15
2021 Why is selective attention important? Discuss the theories of selective attention. 20
2021 Discuss the cognitive and motivational determinants of the belief in extra sensory perception. 15

6. Learning: 2010 Comment on the impact of immediate and delayed reinforcement on learning. 10
Concept and theories of learning
2011 Distinguish between negative reinforcement and punishment. Indicate the limitations of punishment in the context of learning. 10
(Behaviourists, Gestaltalist and
Information processing models); 2011 Discuss the consequences of learned helplessness as demonstrated in classic experiment on dogs. Find out its parallels in real life. 20
The Processes of extinction, 2012 With suitable examples, critically evaluate both primary and secondary reinforcements and bring out their role in establishing conditioning. 20
discrimination and generalization;
Programmed learning, 2012 Discuss various, dimensions of thought processes in relation to concept. 12
probability learning, 2013 Describe different reinforcement schedules and indicate their effects on the strength of learning. 10
self-instructional learning,
2014 Enumerate· the factors that can impact upon the teaching-learning process in rural India. 10
concepts;
Types and the schedules of 2014 What are the psychological disadvantages of learning in the distant mode through IT compared to classroom learning ? 20
reinforcement, escape, avoidance 2014 How can teachers help in meeting the educational needs of a child suffering from ADHD? 15
and punishment,
modeling and social learning. 2015 Describe the basic elements of observation and bring out the implications of the dimension of participation in observational research. 15

6
 Programmed learning,
probability learning,
self-instructional learning,
concepts;
Types and the schedules of
reinforcement, escape, avoidance
and punishment,
S No Syllabus/
modeling andTopic
social learning. Year Questions Marks
2015 Evaluate the notion of programmed learning and describe its relevance for modem day education with suitable examples* 10
2015 Review Bandura’s social learning theory and evaluate its impact on understanding aggression as a result of media generated violence. 15
2016 How far do you agree with the contention that a more preferred activity can be used to reinforce a less preferred activity ? Also describe the types of reinforcement. 15
6 2017 Distinguish between negative reinforcement and punishment. Do you think punishment is an effective way to modify behaviour ?
2017 How would you apply Operant Conditioning technique for toilet training to a 3-year-old boy ?
2017 Which research design would you apply to prove that a particular method of teaching yields best results ? Describe.
2018 Examine how probability learning is different from other types of learning Give examples.
2018 Differentiate between positive and negative types of reinforcement and punishment. Describe how these could be applied to enforce putting on the seat belts while driving. 15
2019 Define 'concept'. Illustrate different types of concepts and processes involved in formation of the same. 20
2019 What is vicarious learning? Discuss its applications in acquisition of emotional responses. 15
2019 "Discrimination and generalisation are two complementary processes in skill learning." Discuss with reference to operant conditioning. 10
“Any sort of learning takes place with the help of suitable associations and reinforcement.” Critically examine how much cognitivist, Gestaltists and evolutionary
2020 15
psychologists agree with the statement.
2021 Describe the principles of classical conditioning. Illustrate the application of classical conditioning principles in real life. 15

7. Memory: 2010 Discuss the levels of processing framework of memory and the relevant supporting research evidence. 30
Encoding and remembering;
2010 Explain anterograde amnesia with special reference to the classical case of HM. 10
Short term memory,
Long term memory, 2010 How would you process information for maintaining it for long-term usage? 10
Sensory memory, 2011 On what grounds are STM and LTM distinguished? 10
Iconic memory,
Echoic memory: 2011 How the principles of encoding help enhancing the use of mnemonic devices? 10
The Multistore model, levels of 2011 How does level of processing model differ from multistore and working memory models? Explain. 30
processing;
2012 Compare Sperling's experiments with that of Neisser's experiments in the study of sensory memory. What did these two experiments prove ? 20
Organization and Mnemonic
techniques to improve memory; 2013 What factors contribute to the encoding of information into LTM ? 10
Theories of forgetting: decay, 2013 Describe and evaluate the modal model of short-term memory. 20
interference and retrieval failure:
Metamemory; 2013 Compare template matching and feature detection accounts of pattern recognition. 15
Amnesia: Anterograde and 2014 How can teachers help in meeting the educational needs of a child suffering from ADHD? 15
retrograde.
2015 Citing studies on amnesia show how the explicit and implicit memory systems are separate, 20
How far do you agree with the contention that research findings on infant memory can present novel approaches toward analyzing adult memories ? Corroborate your
2015 15
answer with examples.
2016 What do you understand by amnesia ? Illustrate the types of amnesia with reference to the case of "H.M.'s brain operation". 10
2016 Describe the processing of sensory input and explain how it is selected, organized and interpreted. 15
2016 Give a critical appraisal of interference theory of forgetting and show how the process of retrieval inhibition influences forgetting. 20
7 2016 Explain the phenomena of implicit and explicit memories. Also critically evaluate Tulving's model of long-term memory. 15
2017 Explain the role of meaningfulness and emotional arousal in encoding. Discuss the implications of encoding specificity principle.
2017 Why do we forget ? Differentiate between anterograde and retrograde amnesia.
2017 Explain the differences in information processing at various levels of memory. In what way is recall affected by initial processing of information ?
 7

S No Syllabus/ Topic Year Questions Marks

2018 "Human memory is not like information stored in a tape recorder or compact disc." Critically evaluate the statement
Demonstrate the importance of the shallow and deep levels of processing in remembering. With the help of daily life examples, explain how retrieval cucs enable us to
2018 15
remember.
2019 Is amnesia merely a phenomenon od retrieval failure? Discuss in the light of empirical evidences. 15
2019 "Multistore Memory model best explains the nature of memory". Evaluate the statement in theoretical perspective & empirical evidences, 20
2020 How does prior knowledge shape encoding in memory? 10
2020 Differentiate between meta-memory and self-instructional learning. Elaborate your answer with suitable examples. 15
2020 Describe the 3-stage model of memory with special emphasis on working memory. 15
2020 Repression is a motivated forgetting process that protects us by inhibiting anxiety arousing memories. Explain its role in dissociative amnesia. 20
2021 With reference to the concept of memory construction evaluate the accuracy of eyewitness testimony in judicial trial. 10
2021 Describe the role of schemas and mnemonic devices in expertise and exceptional memory. 15

8. Thinking and Problem 2010 How would you process information for maintaining it for long-term usage? 10
Solving:
2010 What are the stages of cognitive development according to Piaget? 10
Piaget's theory of cognitive
development; 2010 Discuss the role of heuristics 1n reasoning. 10
Concept formation processes; 2011 Differentiate between inductive and deductive reasoning, and give reasons for the preference of scientist towards inductive reasoning. 10
Information processing,
Reasoning and problem solving, 2011 What are the criteria to identify creativity? How can a teacher promote creativity in the classroom setting? 30
Facilitating and hindering factors 2012 Enumerate various methods of problem solving. Critically evaluate their advantages and limitations also.
in problem solving,
2014 Discuss the implications of employing group decision-making in issues involving development in the Indian cultural context. 15
Methods of problem solving:
Creative thinking and fostering 2014 What role can mental imagery play in enhancing the performance of sportspersons ? Discuss. 10
creativity; 2015 What are the general strategies used in problem solving ? How do these differ from domain-specific procedures ? 10
Factors influencing decision
making and judgment; 2015 Describe Piaget’s stages of cognitive development. Critique his theory. 15
Recent trends. 2016 Show your acquaintance with the cognitive approach to classical conditioning and describe how classical conditioning principles can be used to solve everyday problems. 20
2016 Distinguish between mundane and exceptional creativities and citing suitable research evidences, describe the confluence approach to creativity. 20
8 2016 Critically examine the metacognitive processes in problem solving. How do functional fixedness and mental set interfere in solving the problems effectively? 15
2017 Explain different types of reasoning processes used in problem solving with their strengths and limitations.
2018 Discuss how psychology can be applied in solving the problem of global climate change.
2018 According to Piaget, the egocentric preschooler is not intentionally 'inconsiderate' but rather has difficulty taking another's viewpoint. Explain.
2018 Explain the use of availability heuristic and representativeness heuristic in problem solving with the help of research studies.
2018 Do you think being in a good mood reduces your capacity to process incoming information? Examine in the light of research studies
2018 "Creativity refers to novel ideas that address some problems in a useful way." Critically examine the statement and discuss how creative insight can be explained. 15
2019 Explain how divergent thinking differs from convergent thinking. Discuss the methods to foster divergent thinking in children. 15
2020 Give details of facilitating and hindering factors in problem-solving. Answer the question by citing suitable examples. 15
2021 Humans strive to assign causes to actions of self and others and fall into traps of biases and errors. Critically discuss. 20
S No Syllabus/ Topic Year Questions Marks

9. Motivation and Emotion: 2010 Discuss the constituents of emotional intelligence 10

Psychological and physiological
2010 Discuss the role of cognition in experiencing emotion in the light of experimental studies. 30
basis of motivation and emotion;
Measurement of motivation and 2011 How does arousal theory explain human motivation? 10
emotion; 2011 What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation? Explain with the help of examples. 10
Effects of motivation and emotion
on behaviour; 2011 What are the functions of emotions? 10
Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation; 2012 Is facial expression of emotion innate or acquired ? Support your answer with suitable evidence.
Factors influencing intrinsic
2012 Evaluate various factors which influence intrinsic motivation 12
motivation;
Emotional competence and the 2012 How would you measure emotion of an individual ? Discuss the effect of emotion on behaviour. 20
related issues. 2013 Bring out the role of left and right hemispheres in emotional experience. 15
2013 What is intrinsic motivation ? Why it gets reduced if the person gets external reward for undertaking a task that he or she loves ? 20
2014 Explain psychological characteristics of a successful entrepreneur. 20
2014 What psychological motives have retarded economic development in India, according to some psychologists ? Discuss. 20
2014 How will you distinguish between anxiety and mood disorders ? 10
2015 Bring out the disruption in retrieval processes due to anxiety, context and repression. 10
2015 Distinguish between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. Which one is more powerful and why ? 20
9 2015 Discuss the brain mechanisms underlying hunger motive. 10
2016 Explain motivational concepts with reference to homeostatic models. 15
2017 Explain the role of meaningfulness and emotional arousal in encoding. Discuss the implications of encoding specificity principle.
2017 Why do some people behave aggressively towards those who defy social norms ? How can such aggressive behaviours be changed ?
2017 Which needs should one be high on to be a successful entrepreneur ? Explain on the basis of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.
2018 Are emotionally competent people internally controlled? Explain. What are the ways to enhance intrinsic motivation of young adults? 15
2019 How do env factors determine the sensation of hunger? Illustrate with e.g. 15
2019 What in acheivement motivation? Discuss the projective technique as a method for assessing achievement motivation. 15
2020 Describe physiological and cognitive components of emotion. 10
2020 Discuss the reasons why rewards may backfire and not produce their intended result for behaviour. 10
2020 Explain 6 primary emotions that can be identified from facial expressions. 10
2020 In the case of highly skilled professionals, does their motivation come from within or is it the result of situation factors? Explain this in the light of theories of motivation. 15
2021 Which approaches to motivation are more commonly used in an organisation? How these approaches might help to sustain or increase motivation? 20

10. Intelligence and Aptitude: 2010 Discuss the constituents of emotional intelligence 10
Concept of intelligence and
2010 Critically assess Gardner's theory of multiple intelligence. 30
aptitude,
Nature and theories of intelligence 2010 Distinguish between IQ and deviation IQ. 10
- Spearman, Thurstone, Gullford 2010 Discuss different the concept of N Ach and methods which have been used to measure it. 30
Vernon, Sternberg and J.P; Das;
Emotional Intelligence,
Social intelligence,
measurement of intelligence and
aptitudes,
concept of IQ, deviation IQ,
constancy of IQ;
 10. Intelligence and Aptitude:
Concept of intelligence and
aptitude,
Nature and theories of intelligence
- Spearman,
Syllabus/ Thurstone, Gullford
Topic Year Questions Marks
S No
Vernon, Sternberg and J.P; Das;
Emotional Intelligence, 2011 Compare the model of fluid and crystallized intelligence with the two factor theory of Spearman. 10
Social intelligence, 2011 Describe and evaluate the model of intelligence proposed by J. P. Das. 30
measurement of intelligence and
2012 Compare 'multi-factor' theory of intelligence with that of theory of 'multiple intelligences'. 20
aptitudes,
concept of IQ, deviation IQ, 2012 Critically evaluate the relationship between intelligence and creativity. Cite experimental evidences in support of your answer. 20
constancy of IQ; 2013 Explicate Sternberg's view of intelligence and bring out its implications for schooling. 10
Measurement of multiple
intelligence; 2014 What is the purpose of item analysis ? How would you carry it out for a test of aptitude ? 20
Fluid intelligence and crystallized 2014 What different types of norms will a psychologist need to develop a test of general mental ability for use in India ? 15
intelligence.
2015 Evaluate the utility of J.P. Das’ model in understanding the concept of intelligence. 10
2015 Discuss briefly the evolution of factor theory of intelligence in the works of Spearman, Thurstone and Guilford. 15
2015 What is an aptitude ? Describe the various tests of aptitudes. 15
10 2016 Explain the contribution of Salovey and Mayer with regard to the concept of emotional intelligence. 10
2016 Describe the characteristics of Gardner's theory of intelligence. 10
2016 Give a comparative account of information processing models of intelligence proposed by Sternberg and J.P. Das. 20
2017 Creative people usually have high IQ scores but those with highest IQ scores are not necessarily the most creative people. Explain.
2017 According to Gardner's theory, there is no one kind of general intelligence for ranking individuals. Explain
2017 Can we determine a person's academic performance based only on IQ score ? Explain.
2018 Describe how J. P. Das' theory is distinct from other theories of intelligence. 20
2019 How is Gardner's Theory of intelligence different from Spearman's theory? Illustrate. 20
2019 In what ways is deviation IQ different from traditional IQ? Discuss. 10
2020 How much do family and school environment contribute to intelligence? 10
2021 IQ scores predict success in academic job and other life outcomes. Evaluate. 10
2021 Give a critical appraisal on the practice of using aptitude tests to predict professions for high school children. 10

11. Personality: 2010 What are the 'big five' personality factors? Critically examine their conceptual basis. 30
Definition and concept of
2012 In which way IRT is an improvement over classical test theory ? Compare the two approaches and critically evaluate Rasch's model of IRT. 30
personality;
Theories of personality 2012 What is the essence of a projective technique ? Critically evaluate perceptive, apperceptive and productive projective tests in the measurement of personality. 30
(psychoanalytical, sociocultural, 2013 What is the situationalist critique of trait psychology ? 10
interpersonal, developmental,
humanistic, behaviouristic, trait 2014 Describe the Indian approach to personality as reflected in the principle of three Gunas. 15
and type approaches); 2014 What psychological knowledge will you put to use for social inclusion of the stigmatized? 15
Measurement of personality
2014 Can leaders be trained ? What will be the essential components of a leadership training programme for the civil servants ? 20
(projective tests, pencil-paper
test); 2014 What is meant by unconditional positive regard? 10
The Indian approach to 2015 Highlight the problems in assessment of personality using the pencil-paper tests. 10
personality;
Training for personality 2015 Describe the trait and type approaches to personality. Highlight Jung’s typology with its weaknesses. 20
development; 2015 State the components of Big-5 factor theory of personality. Why is it considered superior to other factor theories of personality ? 15
Latest approaches like big 5
factor theory; 2016 Are projective tests really projective in nature ? Describe Rorschach and TAT tests and comment on their reliabilities. 15
The notion of self in different
traditions
11
 (projective tests, pencil-paper
test);
The Indian approach to
personality;
Training for personality
development;
Latest approaches like big 5
Syllabus/ Topic
S No factor theory; Year Questions Marks
The notion of self in different 2016 Discuss the Indian approach to personality as evident in tri-gunas. 15
traditions 2017 Can we do justice to measuring personality by projective and objective tests? Discuss.
11
2017 How do we explain self-defeating behaviour of a person from the Humanistic perspective ?
2017 People emphasize the personal traits more than the situational factors. Evaluate the statement.
2018 Compare the trait perspective and humanistic perspective on personality. 20
2019 Critically evaluate the use of paper-pencil tests in personality assessment. 15
2019 How is NEO Five-Factor Theory different from 16 Personality Factors Theory? Explain. 15
2019 The edifice of behaviourism was built in loopholes of teleological approach in psychoanalysis. Evaluate. 10
2020 What are the major features do clinicians used to interpret Rorschach response? 10
2020 Describe different personality assessment techniques and also highlight their strengths and weaknesses. 20
2021 What is self-efficacy? Discuss the potential benefits of enhancing self-efficacy. 10
2021 Are we born with personality? Critically evaluate with theoretical interpretation. 20
2021 What are the different types of psychological tests for personality assessment? 15

12. Attitudes, Values and 2010 What is likely to happen if a person is asked to behave in a manner contrary to the attitude the person holds? Explain on the basis of a theory. 10
Interests:
2011 Describe different psychological measures of values and outline a programme for fostering values. Among school-going children. 30
Definition of attitudes, values and
interests; 2012 Discuss A-B-C components of attitude. Describe the procedure of development of a tool for measurement of attitude. 30
Components of attitudes; 2013 What is the role of social categorization in the formation of prejudice ? Suggest some strategies to reduce prejudice. 25
Formation and maintenance of
attitudes; 2013 What makes a persuasive attempt effective ? Discuss. 20
Measurement of attitudes, values 2014 Which rehabilitative strategies can be employed by the organisations to handle the workplace violence ? 10
and interests;
2014 As a psychologist, develop a programme to bring about attitudinal change in favour of small family norm. 10
Theories of attitude change;
Strategies for fostering values; 2016 Discuss cognitive dissonance theory of attitude change. 10
Formation of stereotypes and 2016 What is meant by attribution ? Describe, citing examples, the phenomenon of attributional augmentation, 10
prejudices;
Changing others behaviour; 2016 Explain the components of attitude and examine the methods of attitude formation. 15
Theories of attribution; A young person helped a visually impaired woman to cross the road. He explained his action saying that he has positive attitude towards such persons. Did his attitude
2017
Recent trends determine his behaviour or the behaviour determine his attitude. Explain.
12 2018 According to Bandura, human beings often demonstrate impressive capacity for the self-regulation of their own behaviour. Evaluate.
2018 In what way can dissonance be an effective means for changing attitudes and behaviour
2018 Explain the concepts of self-serving bias and fundamental attribution error. How do they affect problem solving? 15
2018 Discuss the significance and correlates of values. Comment on the impact of social media on values. 15
2019 "Stereotypes can lead to the development of prejudice and discrimination." Explain citing examples from Indian context. 10
2019 Illustrate that values can be best fostered during childhood. Discuss different methods for fostering moral & ethical values among school-going children. 15
2020 Suggest some strategies for fostering values in the Indian setting. 10
While playing cricket Team-A got into a fight with Team-B. Discuss it in the context of realistic group conflict theory. How can conflict resolution strategies be used to
2020 20
manage and control such fights?
2021 State the role of psychologist in resolving interpersonal conflicts and social unrest. 10
S No Syllabus/ Topic Year Questions Marks

13. Language and 2010 Compare Chomsky's innate mechanism view with Skinner's view of language development. 30
Communication: How does language differ from other forms of communication? Referring to relevant studies, document children's progress from non verbal communication to the use of
Human language - Properties, 2011 30
language.
structure and linguistic hierarchy,
Language acquisition- 2012 Discuss the modifications of Chornsky's 'transformational generative grammar'. 12
predisposition, critical period 2012 What is meant by effective communication ? Evaluate various sources of effective communication. 20
hypothesis; 2013 What are the processes of language production ? 10
Theories of language
development - Skinner and 2015 Illustrate with suitable examples the non-verbal process of communication. 10
Chomsky; 2015 How does Chomsky’s Theory differ from that of Skinner in language development ? Discuss. 15
Process and types of
communication - effective 2016 Discuss the components of language acquisition citing the average age at which these are demonstrated by a child. 15
communication training. 2017 Critically evaluate Noam Chomsky's theory of transformational grammar.
2017 Explain the importance of Critical Periods in language development. In what ways are bilingualism and cognitive development related ?
13 2018 Explain various limitations of verbal communication.
2018 Describe the structure and features of language focussing on what makes human language unique in comparison to communication in animals. 20
2019 How can language be analysed for its similarities across cultures? Explain with scientific evidences. 15
2019 Evaluate 'critical period' hypothesis in language acquisition. 10
2020 Discuss the steps involved in effective communication training. 10
2020 What are the different rules of language? Critically analyse the ‘critical period’ hypothesis. 15
2021 Describe the strategies of effective communication training. 15
2021 Give a comparative analysis of the behaviouristic and nativistic perspective to language development. 15

14. Issues and Perspectives in 2010 What is REM sleep and how is it related to dreaming? 10
Modern Contemporary
2011 Elaborate upon the salient developments in consciousness studies and indicate the effect of ‘meditation’ on psychological functions. 30
Psychology:
Computer application in the 2012 Enumerate different stages of sleep. Discuss the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance. 20
psychological laboratory and 2013 Why our representations of the external world are not entirely accurate ? 15
psychological testing;
Artificial intelligence ; 2013 How the psychoanalytic view differs from physiological or cognitive view of dream ? 25
Psychocybernetics; 2013 What makes a persuasive attempt effective ? Discuss. 20
Study of consciousness - sleep -
2015 Why are we awake at certain times and asleep at others ? Explain this with help of opponent process model. 15
wake schedules;
dreams, 2016 Explain different types of psycho-active drugs and patterns of their use. 10
stimulus deprivation, 2016 Describe the physiological changes that are accompanied by shifts in consciousness in the process of sleep. Also discuss major sleep disorders. 20
meditation,
hypnotic/drug induced states; 2017 Drug-addiction is just a maladaptive behaviour. Like other behaviour, it can be easily changed. Discuss.
14 Extrasensory perception; 2017 What is paradoxical in REM sleep? How active is a person during different stages of sleep ?
Intersensory perception
Simulation studies. 2018 Perception is plastic. However, it may also be affected by innate tendencies. Critically evaluate. 20
 wake schedules;
dreams,
stimulus deprivation,
meditation,
hypnotic/drug induced states;
14 Extrasensory perception;
Intersensory perception
S No Syllabus/ Topic
Simulation studies. Year Questions Marks
2018 How have neuroscientists and evolutionary scientists contributed to modern psychology? 15
2018 Is sleep a passive process? Justify your answer with proper scientific support. 15
2018 Discuss contemporary researches on simulating human intelligence using machines and their implications for understanding human behaviour, 15
2020 What is the role of artificial intelligence in psychology? How can it be applied as an intervention in identifying different psychological abnormalities? 20
2021 Describe different types of Meditation and its effect on health and well-being. 15
2021 Discuss the use of computer application in the various domains of practice Psychology. 15

Misc 2013 What do you understand by 'effect size' and 'statistical power' ? Explain their significance. 15
2011 How is the information we hold about ourselves organized and interpreted? 10
2014 Discuss the implications of employing group decision-making in issues involving development in the Indian cultural context. 15
2014 What psychological knowledge can be used to develop a programme for women entrepreneurs ? 20
2012 In which way IRT is an improvement over classical test theory ? Compare the two approaches and critically evaluate Rasch's model of IRT. 30
2014 What psychological knowledge will you put to use for social inclusion of the stigmatized? 15
To what extent, do you think that the Principle of management derived from the study of industrial organisations can be applied to improve the functioning of bureaucratic
2014 10
organisations in India?
2015 Discuss the theoretical bases of behaviouristic approaches of psychotherapy. 15
2014 Which rehabilitative strategies can be employed by the organisations to handle the workplace violence ? 10
2012 What is McCrary-Hunter 'invariance hypothesis' ? Discuss the shape and characteristics of serial position error curve in terms of 'invariance hypothesis'. 20
2014 What psychological factors keep the group of terrorists cohesive? 15
2014 What factors can impede. fair assessment of individual differences ? Examine in the light of research evidence. 10
2020 How can a psychologist contribute to society during COVID-19? 10

If any mistake found, please update in the source spreadsheet (link below)
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 Paper - 2
S No Syllabus / Topic Year Questions Marks
1. Psychological Measurement 2014 What factors can impede fair assessment of individual differences ? Examine in the light of research evidence. 10
of Individual Differences:
2014 What different types of norms will a psychologist need to develop a test of general mental ability for use in India ? 15
The nature of individual
differences; Characteristics and 2014 What is the purpose of item analysis ? How would you carry it out for test of aptitude ? 20
construction of standardized 2015 What are some important ethical principles that psychologists must adhere to while making use of psychological tests? 15
psychological tests; Types of
psychological tests; Use, misuse 2016 In what ways psychological tests are useful in assessing individual differences ? Answer with examples. 10
and limitation of psychological 2016 Analyze the factors determining the efficacy of psychological tests. Discuss the limitations in the use of psychological tests. 15
tests; hical issues in the use of
2016 What role can psychologists play in the development and implementation of the ‘Skill India’ scheme of the Government of India? 20
psychological tests.
2016 Explain how the concept of individual differences emerged and state its importance for vocational guidance. 10
2017 What is the role of item validation in psychometric scaling? Briefly describe the steps involved. 20
1 2018 Discuss the different steps in the construction and standardization of psychological tests. Illustrate your answer with suitable example. 20
2018 Bring out the similarities and differences between intelligence, aptitude, and achievement tests. 10
2015 How will you go about constructing a test for assessing aptitude for Civil Services? Discuss the details. 20
2019 How can one make a decision of using exploratory factor analysis or confirmatory factor analysis or an integrated approach while constructing a psychological test? 15
2019 Even though validity requires reliability, the reverse is not true. Explain. 10
2020 What are the challenges in the development and use of psychological tests? Illustrate with examples. 15
2020 In what ways psychological tests are better tools in assessing individual differences? Explain. 10

2. Psychological well being 2011 Explain delusional disorders and highlight their distinguishing features. 20
and Mental Disorders:
2011 Discuss the various aspects of subjective well-being as propounded by positive psychology movement 30
Concept of health-ill health;
Positive health, well being; 2011 Explain paranoid and schizoid personality disorders. 30
Causal factors in mental 2012 What do you understand by 'personality disorders? Distinguish between schizoid personality disorder and schizophrenia. 12
disorders (Anxiety disorders,
mood disorders, schizophrenia 2012 Define 'learned helplessness'. How can this concept be used to explain depressive disorders? 20
and delusional disorders; 2014 What is meant by unconditional positive regard? 10
personality disorders, substance
2014 Discuss how happiness may influence psychological well-being and health 15
abuse disorders); Factors
influencing positive health, well 2014 How will you distinguish between anxiety and mood disorders ? 10
being, life style and quality of life; 2015 What role can psychologists play in primary, secondary and tertiary prevention programmes in relation to terminal illness such as coronary heart disease and cancer? 10
Happiness disposition.
2015 Critically evaluate the relationship between economic growth and human wellbeing in the light of contemporary research on happiness. 15
Psychologists have recently identified. a disorder which they term ‘intemetaddiction\ What are its presenting features? How can those suffering from this addiction be
2015 15
helped?
2016 How can psychological well-being of service professionals be promoted ? Discuss. 10

2 2016 How do lifestyle variables influence quality of life of an individual in different life domains? 15
2016 What biological factors explain mental disorders? Discuss. 10
2016 Explain psychopathic personality and state how it is related to deviant behaviour. 10
2016 Explain how hallucinations and delusional contents differ in paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenia. 15
2018 Discuss the efficacy of systematic desensitization in reducing clients' phobic reactions. Illustrate your answer with suitable example 15
 2

S No Syllabus / Topic Year Questions Marks

2019 Why is psychological wellbeing considered as an essential factor of health? What are the different ways it can be enhanced? 15
2019 Why is Narcissistic personality disorder considered a personality disorder? What are the obstacles faced by the clinicians to treat these types of clients? 15
2020 Describe the symptoms of depression and mood disorder. Give an account of etiological factors and suggest the appropriate therapeutic treatment for these disorders. 20
2020 How are schizophrenic disorders different from anxiety disorders? Explain with examples. 15
2021 Describe the different types of anxiety disorders. What are the behavioural approaches to treat such patients? 20
2021 What do you understand by mood disorders? Discuss the causes. 10

3. Therapeutic Approaches: 2011 Critically evaluate the effectiveness of Beck’s cognitive behaviour therapy in treatment of different types of depressions. 30
Psychodynamic therapies ;
2011 Explain Person-centred therapy and state its limitations with suitable examples 30
Behaviour therapies; Client
centered therapy; Cognitive 2011 Discuss the efficacy of biofeedback therapy in the management of mental health. 30
therapies; Indigenous therapies 2012 Critically evaluate the strengths and limitations of psychodynamic therapies in the treatment of mental disorders. 12
(Yoga, Meditation); Bio-feedback
therapy; Prevention and 2012 Explain the assumptions underlying cognitive therapy. Critically comment on its utility in the treatment of mental disorders. 30
rehabilitation of the mentally ill; 2014 What therapy will be most efficacious in case of someone who is suffering from depression ? Give reasons in support of your answer. 15
Fostering mental health.
2014 Discuss the theoretical bases of behavioristic approaches of psychotherapy. 15
2015 Do you think that efficacy of personnel selection can be improved by using multiple methods? 15
2015 How can ‘Ashtanga Yoga’ help in fostering holistic health? Support your answer with research evidence. 10
2016 Discuss the salient features of psychodynamic therapies and evaluate their role in prevention of mental illnesses. 20
2016 Discuss the efficacy of behaviour therapies in the prevention of mental illnesses, 10
2017 Explain the concept of incongruence in person-centred therapy 10
3 2017 Explain reciprocal inhibition in behaviour therapy and point out its theoretical basis. 20
2017 Explain the behavioural cognitive therapy by Ellis with the steps involved in it. 15
2018 Explain the ctiology of manic-depressive disorder. Evaluate the suitability of therapeutic methods for the treatment of manic-depressive disorder. 15
2018 Discuss the distinctive aspects of modern psychodynamic therapy. How can it be helpful in the treatment of diverse array of disorders ? 15
2019 How would cognitive therapy explain the cause for clinical depression of a client and what would be the therapeutic approach followed for the treatment? 15
2019 Why no single form of therapy works best for every problem? How an eclectic approach is an answer to it? 20
2020 How are indigenous therapies an alternative to classical insight therapies? Discuss. 10
2020 Illustrate the basic tenets of psychodynamic and client-centred therapies. Discuss the effectiveness of these therapies as a form of treatment of mental disorders. 20
2021 Describe the main tenets of cognitive therapy. Compare it with psychoanalytic therapy. 15
2021 Discuss the methods used by a psychoanalyst to bring unconscious motives into conscious. 10

4. Work Psychology and 2011 Differentiate between managerial effectiveness and efficiency, and discuss the factors influencing them. 30
Organisational Behaviour:
2011 Provide comparison between transformational and transactional leadership for their relevance to Indian organizations. 30
Personnel selection and training;
Use of psychological tests in the 2012 Explain the models of sensitivity training. Relate them to organizational development. 20
industry; Training and human
resource development; Theories
of work motivation – Herzberg,
Maslow, Adam Equity theory,
Porter and Lawler, Vroom;
Leadership and participatory
 4. Work Psychology and
Organisational Behaviour:
Personnel selection and training;
Syllabus
S No Use / Topic
of psychological tests in the Year Questions Marks
industry; Training and human 2012 Explain Vroom's expectancy theory of work motivation and link this theory with variable-pay programs. 20
resource development; Theories
of work motivation – Herzberg, 2012 Discuss the components of gender sensitivity training. Indicate its importance in the context of management of workforce diversity.
Maslow, Adam Equity theory, 2012 What is glass-ceiling effect? Explain the causal factors underlying it. What remedial steps can be taken by the employing organizations to minimize the glass-ceiling effect? 20
Porter and Lawler, Vroom;
2012 What are the psychosocial components of advertising and marketing? Identify and discuss the relevant ethical Considerations. 30
Leadership and participatory
management; Advertising and 2014 Can leaders be trained ? What will be the essential components of a leadership training programme for the civil servants? 20
marketing; Stress and its To what extent, do you think that the principles of management derived from the study of industrial organizations can be applied to improve the functioning of bureaucratic
management; Ergonomics; 2014 10
organizations in India?
consumer psychology;
2016 Is Herzberg’s theory relevant for understanding work motivation in Indian organizations ? Explain. 10
Managerial effectiveness;
Transformational leadership; 2016 Critically evaluate whether the principles of participatory management are equally effective in bureaucratic organizations as in industrial organizations. 15
Sensitivity training; Power and 2016 How can psychological theories be put to use to inoculate people against their Impulsive buying behavior? 15
politics in organizations.
2017 Distinguish between content and process theories of work motivation. Comment on the applicability of Maslow’s theory of work motivation in the Indian context. 15
2017 Discuss the challenges and opportunities offered by multiculturalism and diversity in today’s organizations.
2018 How does stress contribute to the causation of physical illness ? Discuss the role of optimism as factor moderating the impact of stress. 10
4
2018 Explain the nature of sensitivity training. Comment on its utility as an organizational development technique. 15
2018 Explain Herzberg's theory of work-motivation. Critically comment on its relevance in Indian context. 20
2019 Critically examine Herzberg's 2-factor theory of motivation and point out that in what way Herzberg's theory is different from Maslowian theory? 20
2019 "Psychological tests are important in personnel selection." Give reason to it and describe which psychological tests are generally used. 10
2019 How can one differentiate between learning & training? Discuss any 2 executive training methods giving suitable examples. 10
2020 Explain the nature of diversity in today's organisations in India. What steps should the organisations take to manage diversity? 15
What are the potential sources of stress for people working in research and development organisations? Discuss some of the individual and organisational approaches in
2020 20
these organisations to manage stress.
2020 Discuss the factors that contribute to political behaviour in organisations. 10
2021 Which method is most appropriate to investigate gender differences in aggressive behaviour at the work place? Elaborate. 15
2021 What are the steps to be taken to promote gender-friendly environment at workplace? 10
2021 How does power in organisations tend to concentrate in the hands of a few persons? Discuss the tactics used to gain power. 15
2021 Explain the factors affecting the work motivation within work organisation in India. 10

5. Application of Psychology 2011 Discuss the process of selection of ‘gifted children’ on the basis of psychological tests. Make recommend- dations for their proper schooling. 20
to Educational Field:
2011 Bring out the need of value education in personality development of students during schooling. 30
Psychological principles
underlying effective teaching- 2011 What‘ are the techniques and devices used in improving memory to' ensure better academic achievements? Discuss. 30
learning process; Learning Comment on the present practices related to educational guidance and counseling programs in Indian schools and colleges. Highlight the problems in implementing and
styles; Gifted, retarded, learning 2011 12
strengthening these programs in Indian context.
disabled and their training; 2012 Discuss different learning disabilities and their educational and psychological consequences. Suggest relevant remedial measures in this context. 30
Training for improving memory
and better academic 2012 Discuss different learning disabilities and their educational and psychological consequences. Suggest relevant remedial measures in this context. 30
achievement; Personality 2014 Enumerate the factors that can impact upon the teaching-learning processes in India.
development and value
education, Educational, 2014 How can teachers help in meeting the educational needs of a child suffering from ADHD ? 15
vocational guidance and career
counseling; Use of psychological
tests in educational institutions;
Effective strategies in guidance
programmes.
 learning process; Learning
styles; Gifted, retarded, learning
disabled and their training;
Training for improving memory
and better academic
achievement; Personality
development and value
Syllabus / Topic
S No education, Year Questions Marks
Educational,
vocational guidance and career Elucidate the learning principles underlying behaviour therapies. Examine the relative efficacy of cognitive therapy and behaviour therapy in helping students overcome
2015 15
counseling; Use of psychological social anxiety.
tests in educational institutions; 2015 Discuss some strategies for dealing with academic underachievement in Indian schools 10
Effective strategies in guidance Why do teaching-learning processes in Indian classrooms tend to be teachercentred? If knowledge is viewed as a constructive process, what kind of classroom would be
programmes. 2015 20
suitable for rural Indian schools?
2016 Examine some important psychological principles underlying effective teaching- learning process. 15
2017 Discuss the importance and requirements of orthogenic schools in the context of pre-dehnquent adolescents. 15
5 2017 Elaborate the process of spotting and nurturing gifted children in the Indian context. 15
Discuss some major factors of educational failure among tribal communities in India. Why must education of the disadvantaged emphasise development of selfefficacy and
2018 20
intrinsic motivation ?
2018 How is giftedness identified and what are the issues in such identification in Indian context ? How is giftedness related to IQ and creativity ? 15
Can effective teaching-learning be viewed as a process of collaborative construction of knowledge? What are the implications of such a view on classroom structure and
2018 20
management in Indian conditions ?
There is a strong need for a wellbeing curriculum for children in schools. You are asked to develop such a curriculum. What would be the focus and essential components
2019 20
of suc a curriculum?
2019 Describe the factors that may positively & negatively affect academic performance. 10
"If you accept that studying does not come naturally, then it is apparent that one should need to set up and organised schedule to promote adequate study." Comment on
2019 10
this statement and highlight the important steps.
2020 Enumerate the major purposes of psychological testing In an educational setting and discuss ways in which psychological testing helps both the teacher and student. 20
2020 Describe and evaluate the techniques used in training for memory development. 15
2021 Explain the major steps to be taken for the training of children with learning disabilities. 15
2021 In the light of post-COVID-19 pandemic, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of online learning. 15

6. Community Psychology: 2012 Discuss the merits of the role of small groups in social actions and community handling of social problems. 12
Definition and concept of Justify with examples how the insights derived from studies on 'intergroup contact hypothesis' would be useful in promoting harmonious relations among different castes
community psychology; Use of 2012
and in maintaining social order.
small groups in social action;
Arousing community 2014 Discuss the implications of employing group decision-making in issues involving development in the Indian cultural context. 15
consciousness and action for 2014 What psychological knowledge will you put to use for social inclusion of the stigmatized? 15
handling social problems; Group It has been found that cultural factors can be used to facilitate social change. What cultural factors can be made use of, and how, in making a success of the governmental
decision making and leadership 2015 20
programme called ‘Swacch Bharat Abhiyan’?
for social change; Effective
2015 What is the phenomenon of 'group think’? How can it influence the quality of group decision making?
strategies for social change
2016 Discuss the usefulness of small groups in community interventions for social development. 10
2017 Discuss how the process of group decision making can be used effectively in bringing about social change. 20
2017 Discuss the role of cognitive and behaviour therapies in improving the performance of sports persons. 10
2017 What is the role of the community in handling social problems? Prepare a plan for involving the community to handle crime against women. 20
6 2018 In what specific ways can psychologists work for empowering the communities that have been marginalized by the society? 10
2017 In the light of various theories of leadership, what kind of leaders will be effective in bringing about social change? 15
In the context of positive social change differentiate between first-order and second-order change. Why is the second-order change often the focus of community
2018 10
psychology?
 6

S No Syllabus / Topic Year Questions Marks

2019 Why is social change necessary ? Discuss the effective strategies to bring about social change for community development. 15
2019 Explain why group membership can have a powerful influence on social behaviors & decisions. 15
2020 How does categorisation as in-group and out-group influence social relations? How can such influence of categorisation be minimised? Discuss with examples. 15
2021 Discuss the role of community psychology for handling community mental health problems. 10
2021 Why is group decision making important for social change? What errors and biases occur during the process of group decision making? 20

7. Rehabilitation Psychology: 2012 Discuss how the major role of rehabilitation psychologists is primarily as a 'facilitator of adjustive behavior' rather than as a 'symptom eradicator'. 12
Primary, secondary and tertiary Identify the physical and psychosocial consequences of being a victim of violence. Explain the nature of counseling and rehabilitation services a psychologist can render to
prevention programmes - role of 2012
the victims of violence.
psychologists ; Organising of
services for rehabilitation of 2012 What are the causes of domestic violence? How is 'belief in a just world' used to rationalize this violence?
physically, mentally and socially 2014 Which rehabilitative strategies can be employed by the organizations to handle the workplace violence ? 10
challenged persons including old 2014 State the challenges the psychologists are likely to face in the rehabilitation of criminals. 15
persons, Rehabilitation of
persons suffering from 2015 What specific role can psychologists play in the management and rehabilitation of persons suffering from HIV/AIDS? 15
substance abuse, juvenile 2015 Substance abuse is a growing phenomenon among Indian youths. Discuss the psychological causes of and intervention measures for substance abuse . 10
delinquency, criminal behaviour;
Rehabilitation of victims of 2016 Examine the role of situational factors in criminal behaviour. 15
violence, Rehabilitation of 2016 Evaluate the role of social agencies in rehabilitation of mentally and socially challenged persons. 15
HIV/AIDS victims, the role of
2016 Discuss the role of psychologists in organizing tertiary level rehabilitation programmers 10
social agencies
A large number of people all over the world are forced to leave then-homeland because of -violence. What are the psychological problems faced by such victims of
7 2017 10
violence? Discuss a plan for their rehabilitation.
What role do cultural factors play in rehabilitation of senior citizens with possible memory and cognitive decline ? Comment on the significance of family and social support
2018 10
in such rehabilitation in India.
2018 Discuss the role of social and environmental intervention in rehabilitation of the mentally challenged. Why are such interventions crucial in Indian settings? 15
2019 How can substance abuse be explained through different psychological approaches? How can Rehabilitation process help people indulging in substance abuse? 20
2020 Bring out the role of social agencies in the rehabilitation of persons suffering from substance abuse. 10
2021 What roles do the social agencies play in the rehabilitation of HIV/AIDS patients? 10
2021 Highlight the importance of career counselling in enhancing students' success in life. 15
2021 What is the need of early identification of mentally challenged children? Write about the strategies for early intervention. 20

8. Application of Psychology 2011 Can deprivation be a source of motivation? Discuss the psychological measures relevant to deal with the negative consequences of prolonged deprivation. 30
to disadvantaged groups: Explain the psychosocial consequences of being a part of socially disadvantaged groups especially with reference to self-concept, identity, motivation and achievement.
The concepts of disadvantaged, 2012
Give examples from Indian context.
deprivation; Social, physical,
cultural and economic 2014 What psychological conditions keep the poor in a socially disadvantaged state? 15
consequences of disadvantaged 2014 How can the adverse consequences of social disadvantage be alleviated ? 15
and deprived groups; Educating Tribal children in India are disadvantaged partly because of the neglect of their language and culture in education. How can education for tribal children be reformed to deal
and motivating the 2015 20
with such disadvantage?
disadvantaged towards
development; Relative and
prolonged deprivation

8
 to disadvantaged groups:
The concepts of disadvantaged,
deprivation; Social, physical,
cultural and economic
consequences of disadvantaged
and deprived groups; Educating
Syllabus
S No and / Topic
motivating the Year Questions Marks
disadvantaged towards Socioeconomic and educational disadvantages have been viewed from ‘deficit* as well as ‘difference’ perspectives. Citing examples of each approach, discuss the
development; Relative and 2015 10
difference between the two and their implications.
prolonged deprivation
Explain the psychological, socio-cultural and economic consequences of belonging to a disadvantaged group. Suggest the steps to educate and motivate disadvantaged
2017 20
groups towards development.
2018 How is disadvantage related to a social structure of hierarchy and discrimination ? What is its relationship with capability deprivation and poverty ? 15
8 2019 Point out the general psychological consequences of social & economic disadvantaged groups. 15
2019 Discuss socio-emotional factors affecting achievement motivation among students form disadvantage groups. 15
2020 Women in a remote village have been deprived of development-related benefits. What steps would you suggest to enable women to take advantage of these benefits? 10
2020 Identify and discuss key elements contributing to effective social change in a marginalised community. 15
Think of a social group that has been subjected to prolonged deprivation. In what ways prolonged deprivation has impacted the lives of people belonging to this group?
2020 20
Suggest ways to mitigate these effects.
2021 Write about the strategies for motivating students belonging to disadvantaged groups for their development. 15
2021 What are the consequences of being a member of disadvantaged group? 10

9. Psychological problems of 2011 Clarify the relationship between stereotypes and prejudices, and examine their impact on social integration. 30
social integration: Justify with examples how the insights derived from studies on 'intergroup contact hypothesis' would be useful in promoting harmonious relations among different castes
The concept of social integration; 2012
and in maintaining social order.
The problem of caste, class,
religion and language conflicts 2012 Distinguish between prejudice and Discrimination. Explain the variables moderating the manifestation of prejudice into overt behavior. 20
and prejudice; Nature and 2014 Explain how the creation of superordinate goals can help in resolving social conflicts
manifestation of prejudice According to Social Identity Theory, social categorization and differentiation processes are implicated in intergroup conflict. Evaluate the theory against available research
between the in-group and out- 2015 20
evidence
group; Causal factors of social
2015 Religious violence in India has shown only a marginal decline over the years. What social and psychological factors explain it the most? 15
conflicts and prejudices;
Psychological strategies for 2016 What psychological factors will explain lack of social integration involving religious groups in India? Discuss. 20
handling the conflicts and 2016 Discuss the process of prejudice formation. State the psychological strategies that can be adopted for conflict resolution. 20
prejudices; Measures to achieve
social integration. 2017 What do you understand by intergroup attitudes? Why are such attitudes considered to be a social phenomenon? 20
2017 Discuss how social integration can be promoted in India in the light of intergroup contact hypothesis and crossed categorization research. 15
9
2018 Critically describe the role of cultural assimilation in facilitating/hindering social integration in India. Illustrate with suitable example. 20
2018 Discuss the relevance of frustration-aggression hypothesis in the context of caste prejudice in India. 15
2019 In the light of research, discuss the ways in which social conflicts can be resolved. 20
2019 What is difference between prejudice & discrimination? Discuss the newer forms of prejudice that we see today. 15
2019 Explain why group membership can have a powerful influence on social behaviors & decisions. 15
2020 What is meant by social integration? How can religious harmony be promoted to attain social integration in the present scenario in India? 10
2021 Is prejudice inevitable? Discuss the techniques for reducing caste prejudice. 20
2021 What are the forms of social conflicts? Explain the methods of resolution of social conflicts. 15
S No Syllabus / Topic Year Questions Marks
10. Application of Psychology 2011 Detail out the relationship between information technology, mass media and their psychological consequences with suitable examples. 30
in Information Technology and
2012 Discuss critically the utility of IT and mass media in the context of distance learning. Throw light on the strengths and limitations of distance learning. 20
Mass Media:
The present scenario of 2014 What are the psychological disadvantages of learning in the distant mode through IT compared to classroom learning? 20
information technology and the 2015 Discuss the psychological mechanisms by which television viewing affects aggression and consumer behaviour in children. 10
mass media boom and the role
of psychologists; Selection and 2016 What role can media play in the promotion of small family none in the Indian culture?
training of psychology 2016 Evaluate the psychological consequences of social media in interpersonal relationships. 15
professionals to work in the field
2017 What are the psychological consequences of the fast development in information technology on adolescents? 10
of IT and mass media; Distance
learning through IT and mass 2017 What is relative deprivation? Explain its consequences on adolescent 15
media; Entrepreneurship through Which psychological and cultural factors will facilitate the success of ‘Beti Bachao Beti Padhao’ programme? How can this programme be promoted through information
e-commerce; Multilevel 2017 15
technology and mass media?
marketing; Impact of TV and
2017 Explain the role of mass media in value development. How can the mass media and information technology be used for promoting pro-social values? 15
fostering value through IT and
10 mass media; Psychological 2018 Explain, using psychological framework, the impact of IT and mass media on the work-life in India. 10
consequences of recent Explain how mass media contribute to acquisition and learning of aggressive and violent behaviour. Examine the relationship between exposure to erotica and
developments in Information 2018 15
aggressiveness.
Technology. 2019 Given rapid changes that are taking place in Media, specially the internet & smartphones, discuss the psychological impact of these on adolescents. 15
2019 Discuss why & how news coverage in media affect us. 10
2020 ‘Values cannot be fostered through TV and mass media’. Critically evaluate the statement. 10
2020 How does media influences Pro and anti-social behaviour? Discuss one instance of pro-social and one instance of anti-social behaviour. 20
2020 How can psychology contribute to managing IT and mass media for ‘Atma Nirbhar Bharat’? Discuss. 15
2021 Describe the impact of electronic media on the adolescents' behaviour. 20

11. Psychology and Economic 2011 Compare procedural and distributive justice, and present their effect on employees’ motivation. 30
development: Can achievement motivation be included as a base of training for economic growth and development of a country? Discuss the contribution of McClelland and his team in
Achievement motivation and 2012 12
this context.
economic development;
Characteristics of entrepreneurial 2014 Explain psychological characteristics of a successful entrepreneur. 20
behaviour; Motivating and 2014 What psychological motives have retarded economic development in India, according to some psychologists ?Discuss. 20
training people for 2014 What psychological knowledge can be used to develop a programme for women entrepreneurs ? 20
entrepreneurship and economic
development; Consumer rights What is the relationship that has been found, between need for achievement, need for affiliation and need for power with economic development? Discuss the relevance of
2015 20
and consumer awareness, these findings in the context of Indian society.
Government policies for promot 2016 Does need for affiliation come in the way of economic development of the tribal people ? Discuss. 15
ion of entrepreneurship among Explain the characteristics of entrepreneurial behaviour. Discuss critically as to how entrepreneuricd behaviour can be cultivated through training. Cite evidence in the
youth including women 2017 20
Indian context.
11 entrepreneurs. 2018 What psychological factors act as barriers in the context of women's entrepreneurship? How can they be overcome ? 10
Explain the interrelationship among achievement motivation, entreprenurial behaviour and economic development. Discuss critically as to whether achievement motivation
2018 20
can be enhanced through training. Cite relevant Indian studies.
2019 Discuss the relationship of achievement motivation to entrepreneurial behaviour, citing relevant research. 10
2020 Explain the psychological conceptualization that helps in understanding economic development. 10
2020 On the basis of the psychology of motivation, write a program sketch for entrepreneurship development. 15
 11 entrepreneurs.

S No Syllabus / Topic Year Questions Marks

2021 What do you understand by psychology of advertising? How can consumer awareness be enhanced through advertising? 15
2021 Illustrate the characteristics of entrepreneurial behaviour. How can it be promoted among the youth? 15

12. Application of psychology 2011 Define the notion of environmental pollution. How would you explain the impact of scientific and technological innovation on environment 30
to environment and related
2012 Explain the psychosocial factors and myths that demotivate people from following small family norms. Suggest relevant motivational strategies in this context. 20
fields:
Environmental psychology- 2012 Explain the consequences of short-term and long-term exposure to noise. How does noise affect our social behavior? Cite the impact of crowding in this context. 30
effects of noise, pollution and 2014 What social and psychological factors come in the way of population control in India ? 10
crowding; Population
psychology: psychological 2012 As a psychologist, develop a programme to bring about attitudinal change in favour of small family norm. 10
consequences of population 2015 How are indigenous knowledge systems related to environmental degradation? Mention some psychological processes underlying environmental attitudes and values. 10
explosion and high population
2015 Indian soldiers defend the country in extreme and, at times, hostile physical environments. What kinds of psychological problems are they likely to experience? 15
density; Motivating for small
family norm; Impact of rapid How is population growth in India affected by psychological processes of attribution, beliefs and values? Discuss possible implications of these processes for population
2015 15
scientific and technological education in India.
growth on degradation of 2016 Analyze the impact of crowding on mental health. Discuss the psychological measures that can be adopted to reduce the stress resulting from crowding. 20
environment.
2017 Explain the effects of short-term and chronic exposure to noise on the performance on cognitive tasks, 10
2017 Explain the effects of rapid scientific and technological growth on environmental degradation. Discuss the role of psychologists in reducing. 15
12 2018 Explain the psychosocial consequences of crowding and high population density. Suggest appropriate policies to deal with the related problems in Indian context. 15
2018 With some examples show how can indigenous knowledge systems be used in management of biodiversity and cultural diversity ? 10
2018 Explain the psychosocial factors demotivating people from small family norms. 10
"Rapid scientific and technological growth are responsible for degradation of env, although, scientific and technological developments are necessary for National
2019 20
Development. " Discuss the above assertion and point out the mechanisms for controlling the environmental degradation.
"Population explosion and high population density have negative psychological consequences." Explain this statement especially stressing light on negative psychological
2019 15
consequences.
2020 Environmental degradation is a major issue. Explain what has led to this and how it has impacted the lives of people and society in India. 15
2020 How has population growth impacted human and social lives? Discuss this in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. 10
2021 Elaborate upon strategies for inducing pro-environment behaviour. 10
2021 Highlight the psychological consequences of living in high population density area. 15

13. Application of psychology 2011 Examine the role of ‘mental-plus- muscle’ practices in training of athletes 30
in other fields: Explain the characteristics of standardized psychological tests. Discuss the major steps in developing self-report personality inventory. Illustrate you answer with a suitable
(a) Military Psychology 2012 30
example.
Devising psychological tests for
defence personnel for use in 2012 Explain the concept of 'team cohesiveness' in the context of sports. How can teamwork be improved through the application of sports psychology? 12
selection, Training, counseling; 2012 What is man-machine system in the context of human engineering? Highlight the applications of human engineering in defence with reference to equipment design. 20
training psychologists to work 2014 What psychological factors keep the group of terrorists cohesive ? 15
with defence personnel in
promoting positive health; 2014 What role can mental imagery play in enhancing the performance of sportspersons ? Discuss. 10
Human engineering in defence.
(b) Sports Psychology
Psychological interventions in
improving performance of
athletes and sports. Persons
participating in Individual and
Team Games.
(c) Media influences on pro and
 in other fields:
(a) Military Psychology
Devising psychological tests for
defence personnel for use in
selection, Training, counseling;
training psychologists to work
with defence personnel in
Syllabus / positive
S No promoting Topic health; Year Questions Marks
Human engineering in defence. Indian defense personnel tend to experience depression, sometimes leading to Suicides. What type of psychological interventions can foster positive mental Health in
(b) Sports Psychology 2015 15
them?
Psychological interventions in 2016 How can human engineering be put to use in devising instruments that are used by the defence personnel posted in the border areas? Discuss. 15
improving performance of
athletes and sports. Persons 2017 Critically evaluate the role of self-report personality inventories in personnel selection. 10
participating in Individual and 2017 Explain how cohesiveness can be promoted in sport teams by using psychological principles.
Team Games.
2017 What is man-machine system? In this context, explain the applications of human engineering in designing the display systems of the aircrafts. 15
(c) Media influences on pro and
13 antisocial behaviour. 2018 Discuss the most commonly used techniques or skills psychologists teach to athletes for improving their performance. 10
(d) Psychology of terrorism. 2016 Discuss the role of cognitive and behaviour therapies in improving the performance of sports persons. 15
2018 What role can psychologist play in promoting psychological well being of defence personnel in the context of prolonged deprivational and stressful condition? 15
2019 Explain the influence of media towards antisocial behaviour through different learning theories. 15
2019 How can group cohesion method be a strong psychological intervention in enhancing the team performance? 10
2019 How can one differentiate between learning & training? Discuss any 2 executive training methods giving suitable examples. 10
2019 "Psychological tests are important in personnel selection." Give reason to it and describe which psychological tests are generally used. 10
2020 What are some of the problems faced by defence personnel in tough train? Discuss how positive mental health can be promoted of them. 15
2021 Discuss the psychological tests used for the selection of defence personnel. 10
2021 Elaborate on psychological interventions for improving performance in team games like hockey. 15

14. Psychology of Gender: 2011 Discuss the challenges of managing gender biases in Indian society 30
Issues of discrimination,
2014 What are gender stereotypes in India? How do they feed into gender discrimination? 15
Management of diversity; Glass
ceiling effect, Self fulfilling 2014 What are gender stereotypes in India ? How do they feed into gender discrimination ? 15
prophesy, Women and Indian 2015 Does the notion of self-fulfilling prophecy relating to achievement satisfactorily explain gender differences in achievement? 15
society.
2015 Glass ceiling effects in organizations are rooted in socialization and family.” Discuss with reference to the psychological bases of gender role development . 15
2016 What factors account for gender differences in India ? Suggest some psychological measures to reduce gender differences. 15
2017 What is the role of the community in handling social problems? Prepare a plan for involving the community to handle crime against women. 20
14
2018 Discuss the relationship between sex-role stereotyping, self-fulfilling prophesy and glass ceiling effect in Indian society 15
2019 How can cimmunity play an important role in providing safety to women? Discuss. 10
2020 What is meant by the glass ceiling effect? Discuss the factors that facilitated some women to break this class feeling. Illustrate with some examples. 10
2021 How does a self-fulfilling prophecy work? Describe how the gender bias is an example of self-fulfilling prophecy in Indian context. 15

Misc 2019 What is successful ageing? What are components of successful ageing. 10
2015 To what extent would you agree that human resource development is more about inculcation of human values and less about development of competencies? 10
2015 How will you go about constructing a test for assessing aptitude for Civil Services? Discuss the details. 20
2016 How is competency mapping made use of for human resource Development modern organizations? Illustrate. 15
 Misc

S No Syllabus / Topic Year Questions Marks

2018 How does stress contribute to the causation of physical illness ? Discuss the role of optimism as factor moderating the impact of stress. 10
2015 How can psychological knowledge be put to use in changing the behaviour of children inclined to consume ‘junk food’? 10
2017 What is relative deprivation? Explain its consequences on adolescent 15

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