2. A nurse is assessing a patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Which of
the following should the nurse recommend to reduce symptoms?

a) Elevate the head of the bed during sleep

b) Eat large meals to prevent hunger

c) Avoid consuming antacids

d) Lie down immediately after eating

3. A nurse is caring for a patient with acute gastritis. Which of the following is the most
important nursing action?

a) Encourage the patient to consume a high-fat diet

b) Administer prescribed antacids or proton pump inhibitors

c) Provide frequent small meals

d) Restrict fluid intake to prevent gastric distention

4. A nurse is caring for a patient with a paraesophageal (rolling) hiatal hernia. Which of
the following symptoms should the nurse monitor for that would indicate a possible
complication?

a) Mild heartburn after eating

b) Sudden chest pain and difficulty swallowing

c) Flatulence and bloating after meals

d) Weight gain and increased appetite

5. A 60-year-old female patient with internal hemorrhoids reports feeling a lump in the
anal area after having a bowel movement. She is experiencing mild pain and itching.
Which of the following is the most appropriate nursing intervention?

A) Recommend immediate surgery to remove the hemorrhoids.

B) Instruct the patient to apply a warm sitz bath to the affected area.

C) Advise the patient to avoid all physical activity to prevent worsening of the condition.

D) Suggest using a topical corticosteroid cream to reduce inflammation.

6. A nurse is caring for a patient with achalasia who has recently undergone botulinum
toxin injection to treat the condition. Which of the following should the nurse monitor for
as a potential complication?

a) Difficulty breathing
b) Increased appetite

c) Excessive salivation

d) Muscle weakness

7. After providing education to a patient with GERD, you ask the patient to list four things
they can do to prevent or alleviate signs and symptoms of GERD. Which statement is
INCORRECT?

A. "It is best to try to consume small meals throughout the day than eat 3 large ones."

B. "I'm disappointed that I will have to limit my intake of peppermint and spearmint because I
love eating those types of hard candies."

C. "It is important I avoid eating right before bedtime."

D. "I will try to lie down after eating a meal to help decrease pressure on the lower
esophageal sphincter."

8. A 55-year-old male patient with a history of smoking and excessive alcohol

consumption presents with epigastric pain and bloating. He reports that the pain
improves after eating but returns several hours later. Which of the following is the most
likely diagnosis?

A) Acute pancreatitis

B) Gastric ulcer

C) Duodenal ulcer

D) Gallstones

9. A 60-year-old male is admitted with a gastric ulcer and is placed on a regimen of

proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Which of the following statements made by the patient
indicates the need for further teaching regarding PPI therapy?

A) "I should take the PPI 30 minutes before meals."

B) "I can stop the medication once my symptoms go away."

C) "I need to avoid taking the PPI with antacids."

D) "I should notify my doctor if I experience any new side effects."

10. A patient with a history of peptic ulcer disease is being treated with antibiotics for
Helicobacter pylori infection. Which of the following is the most important aspect of
nursing care for this patient?

A) Encourage compliance with the prescribed antibiotic regimen.

B) Advise the patient to avoid spicy foods while on antibiotics.

C) Recommend stopping the antibiotics as soon as symptoms improve.

D) Monitor the patient for signs of constipation.

11. A 28-year-old woman with a history of Crohn's disease presents with severe
abdominal pain, diarrhea, and a fever. Her laboratory results show an elevated white
blood cell count and C-reactive protein (CRP). Which of the following is the nurse's
priority action?

A) Assess for signs of dehydration.

B) Administer an anti-inflammatory medication as prescribed.

C) Perform a fecal occult blood test.

D) Offer the patient a clear liquid diet.

12. A patient with ulcerative colitis is being discharged with a prescription for
sulfasalazine. Which of the following instructions is most important for the nurse to
include in the discharge teaching?

A) "Take the medication on an empty stomach for better absorption."

B) "You may stop the medication when you feel better."

C) "Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration."

D) "Expect your stool to appear dark in color."

13. A patient with Crohn's disease is scheduled for bowel surgery due to complications.
The nurse is discussing postoperative care. Which of the following should be included in
the teaching?

A) "You will need to avoid high-fiber foods for several weeks after surgery."

B) "You will be able to return to your normal diet within 24 hours after surgery."

C) "You will need to drink fluids with every meal to promote digestion."

D) "You may experience some increased abdominal pain after surgery, which is normal."

14. A 40-year-old male patient with ulcerative colitis is admitted to the hospital with an
exacerbation. His vital signs include a temperature of 101.5°F (38.6°C), a pulse rate of 110
beats per minute, and a blood pressure of 110/60 mmHg. The nurse should be most
concerned about which of the following complications?

A) Bowel perforation

B) Fistula formation

C) Rectal bleeding
D) Nutritional deficiency

15. A nurse is preparing to discharge a patient with ulcerative colitis who is in remission.
The nurse should emphasize which of the following points to prevent relapse of the
disease?

A) "Follow a low-fat diet to reduce the risk of flare-ups."

B) "Avoid alcohol and caffeine, as they can trigger symptoms."

C) "You should take high doses of corticosteroids during times of stress."

D) "Exercise regularly to maintain bowel health."

16.A client with a peptic ulcer is scheduled for a vagotomy. The client asks the nurse
about the purpose of this procedure. The nurse tells the client that the procedure

A.Decreases food absorption in the stomach

B.Heals the gastric mucosa

C.Halts stress reactions

D.Reduces the stimulus to acid secretions

17. The nurse is caring for a client following a Billroth II procedure. On review of the
postoperative orders, which of the following if prescribed, would the nurse question and
verify?

A.Irrigating the nasogastric tube

B.Coughing and deep breathing exercises

C.Leg exercises

D.Early ambulation

18. The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client following gastrectomy.

Which measure will the nurse instruct the client to follow to assist in preventing dumping
syndrome?

A.Eat high carbohydrate foods

B. Limit the fluids taken with meals

C.Ambulate following a meal

D.Sit in a high-Fowler's position during meals

19. The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client following gastrectomy.

Which measure will the nurse instruct the client to follow to assist in preventing dumping
syndrome?
a. Eat high carbohydrate foods

b. Limit the fluids taken with meals

c.Ambulate following a meal

b.Sit in a high-Fowler's position during meals

20. When preparing a male client, age 51, for surgery to treat appendicitis, the nurse
formulates a nursing diagnosis of Risk for infection related to inflammation, perforation,
and surgery. What is the rationale for choosing this nursing diagnosis?

a. Obstruction of the appendix may increase venous drainage and cause the appendix to
rupture.

b. Obstruction of the appendix reduces arterial flow, leading to ischemia, inflammation,

and rupture of the appendix.

c. The appendix may develop gangrene and rupture, especially in a middle-aged client.

d. Infection of the appendix diminishes necrotic arterial blood flow and increases venous
drainage.

21. The client has deficiency of all of the following pituitary hormones. Which one should
be addressed first?

A. Growth hormone

C. thyroid-stimulating hormone

B. Luteinizing hormone

D. follicle stimulating hormone.

22. A nurse is caring for a patient with hypothyroidism who is being treated with
levothyroxine. The patient reports feeling fatigued and cold despite taking the
medication. The nurse should first assess for which of the following?

A) Signs of hyperthyroidism

B) Adherence to the prescribed medication regimen

C) Excessive intake of iodine-rich foods

D) Symptoms of an acute thyroid crisis (thyroid storm)

23. A nurse is caring for a patient with hyperthyroidism who is receiving propylthiouracil
(PTU). The patient reports sore throat and fever. Which of the following actions should
the nurse take next?

A) Administer the next dose of PTU as prescribed.

B) Instruct the patient to increase fluid intake.

C) Withhold the medication and notify the healthcare provider.

D) Tell the patient to rest and monitor for additional symptoms.

24. A patient with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus is being discharged with a
prescription for metformin. The nurse should teach the patient to monitor for which of
the following side effects of metformin?

A) Weight gain

B) Gastrointestinal disturbances

C) Hypoglycemia

D) Hair loss

25. A patient with Cushing's syndrome is being prepared for discharge after treatment
with corticosteroids. The nurse should include which of the following instructions in the
discharge teaching?

A) "You should avoid using sunscreen due to increased sensitivity to sunlight."

B) "You will need to gradually decrease your medication dosage to avoid adrenal crisis."

C) "You should increase your salt intake to prevent fluid retention."

D) "You may need to monitor your blood glucose levels more closely, as steroids can increase
blood sugar.

26. A patient is admitted to the hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The nurse
should anticipate which of the following as the initial treatment?

A) Administer a dose of insulin intravenously.

B) Start an oral glucose solution to increase blood glucose Levels.

C) Administer sodium bicarbonate to correct metabolic acidosis.

D) Provide oral fluids with electrolytes to rehydrate.

27. A patient with hyperparathyroidism is scheduled for a parathyroidectomy. The nurse

should educate the patient on which of the following potential post-operative
complications?

A) Hypocalcemia

B) Hyperglycemia

C) Hypertension
D) Hyperkalemia

28. A nurse is caring for a patient with pheochromocytoma, a tumor of the adrenal
medulla. Which of the following symptoms is most likely to be observed in this patient?

A) Severe hypotension

B) Severe headaches and tachycardia

C) Weight loss and hyperglycemia

D) Cold intolerance and bradycardia

29. A nurse is assessing a patient who has been diagnosed with acromegaly. Which of
the following is a common physical manifestation of this condition?

A) Diminished facial hair and a small jaw

B) Enlarged hands, feet, and facial features

C) Decreased height and a rounded face

D) Decreased bone density and joint pain

30. A nurse is caring for a client with hypothyroidism. Which of the following is most
important for the nurse to assess?

A. Blood pressure

B. Respiratory rate

C. Temperature

D. Heart rate

31. A client with diabetes insipidus is prescribed desmopressin. Which of the following
would be the most important for the nurse to monitor?

A. Blood glucose levels

B. Urine output

C. Serum sodium levels

D. Blood pressure

32. A nurse is caring for a client with Addison's disease. Which of the following clinical
manifestations should the nurse anticipate?

A. Tachycardia

B. Hyperkalemia
C. Weight gain

D. High blood pressure

33. A nurse is caring for a client with pheochromocytoma. The nurse should prioritize
which of the following actions?

A. Administering antihypertensive medications as prescribed

B. Encouraging high-protein, low-carbohydrate meals

C. Monitoring blood glucose levels regularly

D. Promoting bed rest for the client to reduce stress

34. A nurse is caring for a client with hyperparathyroidism. Which of the following
laboratory findings is most likely?

A. Hypocalcemia

B. Hypercalcemia

C. Low phosphorus levels

D. Elevated thyroxine levels

35. A nurse is caring for a client who has developed a disorder of the hypothalamus. The
nurse should expect to monitor the client for which of the following complications?

A. Diabetes insipidus

B. Cushing's syndrome

C. Addison's disease

D. Hyperparathyroidism

36. A nurse is educating a patient who is undergoing treatment for Cushing's syndrome.
Which of the following would the nurse include as a common cause of this condition?

A. Overproduction of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

B. Excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH)

C. Overproduction of cortisol due to a pituitary tumor

D. Underproduction of thyroid hormone (T3/T4)

37. A nurse is educating a patient about pituitary hormone replacement therapy following
pituitary surgery. The nurse should include which of the following in the teaching plan?
A. Hormone replacement therapy may be lifelong if there is permanent pituitary
dysfunction.

B. Hormone therapy should be stopped as soon as symptoms improve.

C. Only one hormone will need to be replaced.

D. Hormone replacement therapy is only necessary for thyroid hormone.

38. A nurse is educating a patient about Graves' disease, a common cause of

hyperthyroidism. Which of the following would the nurse most likely include in the
teaching?

A. Weight gain is a typical sign of Graves' disease.

B. Antithyroid medications may be used to treat the condition.

C. The condition typically causes hypothyroidism.

D. The most common symptom is cold intolerance.

39.A nurse is caring for a patient with myxedema coma, a severe form of hypothyroidism.
Which of the following interventions is most critical for the nurse to implement
immediately?

A. Administering an antithyroid medication

B. Administering high-dose corticosteroids

C. Providing warm blankets and increasing environmental temperature

D. Initiating a high-calorie intravenous infusion

40. A nurse is preparing to administer radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy to a patient with
Graves' disease. Which of the following is a priority nursing consideration?

A. Ensuring the patient has a negative pregnancy test

B. Monitoring for signs of hypothyroidism post-treatment

C. Instructing the patient to avoid contact with family members for 24 hours

D. Administering a corticosteroid before treatment