Name: Munshi Abdul
Razzaq
Roll no.: 231070032
Batch: A
CN Lab Experiment
1
Aim: To study Basic Networking Commands Theory:
Networking commands are a set of command-line utilities (programs) that allow
users and administrators to interact with, configure, monitor, and diagnose
network connectivity and services on a computer system.
Program:
Network configuration commands:
1. hostname:
2. Ip addr show:
3. Iwconfg:
4. Ifconfig:
5. Netplan:
6. Ifquery:
7. Ifup: and 8. ifdown
Needs to have ifupdown installed and configured
9.Dhclient:
10.Arp:
This is the address resolution protocol table, it shows the MAC address for
the respective IP address
11.Arp -a:
This shows the arp hashtable
12.Arp -d:
Deletes all arp hash values, but it will relearn it very quickly, so it is
relatively safe to do so.
This is a single address
13.Arp -s:
This helps in adding a new address MAC mapping into arp
As seen here the .200 subnet got added
14.Netstat:
This shows the network statistics, and active connections
-antp means to show all connections of TCP with their process IDs
-r prints the kernels routing table
15.Ping:
This is used to check the connectivity between computer and the address
given
16.Route:
This is used to configure the kernels routing tables, using route flush will
remove all the routing information from the kernels table.
Eg is route add default gw 192.168.1.1
But this will change the default gateway to the given IP and is not persistent
so its a risky command on personal systems
As seen here, the first route show provides the eth0 proto kernel values,
while the second one shows both the non-proto (new addition) and the
proto kernel values, meaning that the route command worked
17.Traceroute:
This is used to trace the path taken by the computer to reach specified
website
18.Telnet:
This is used to connect to other ip addresses using the SSH
19.Mail:
can be used to mail to others:
20.Nslookup
This is used to perform DNS lookups to resolve hostnames, IP addresses,
mappings or any other DNS record
This is what it shows
21.Host
This is used to resolve hostnames and IP addresses
It gives information about the host and their IP and SMTP
22.Dig
This is a very powerful command for query information
It provides the Meta data, query info and time for the specific hostname.
23.Whois:
Provides full information about domain ownership from WHOIS servers
24.Finger:
Displays user information from a remote system, this is a largely obsolete
system whose port 79 gets blocked by ISPs for security reasons, hence no
valuable information can be obtained from it
25.Hping
This is a command used for assembling and analysing TCP/IP packets
It has various flags that help determine whether the packet was accepted,
declined, or filtered as spam, etc
26.Mtr:
Sends packets and also shows the ping for each hop
27.Speedtest-cli
A CLI for testing upload and download speeds
28.Tcpdump:
This command shows packet traffic on specific ports for any non-encrypted
domains
29.Curl:
Transfer data to or from server using various protocols
30.Wget:
This is a command used to download files from the internet.
Here, since the file was not available on the website, it gave a 404 error.
Conclusion:
These commands help navigating the networking environment of a device
and help configure the various functionalities that a device provides for
communication thru the internet. Knowing such commands can help in
monitoring and troubleshooting problems that are hard to discern.
