Good Afternoon,
Class!
Let us pray!
Attendance
My three favorite things are eating my
family and my pets.
My three favorite things are eating,
my family, and my pets.
A woman, without her man, is nothing.
A woman: without her, man is nothing.
PUNCTUATIONS
What is a Punctuation?
They are symbols that are used to aid the
clarity and comprehension of written
language.
They are certain typographical devices as aids
to the understanding and correct reading of
written text, whether read silently or aloud.
THE
PERIOD
1. PERIOD (.)
Its main function is to denote the end of a
sentence (especially a sentence that is not a
question or exclamation).
•Example: I am stating a fact.
•Do not ask me. I do not know.
•Hold the purse for me.
They are also used after
abbreviations and initials.
Example:
U. S. A. NOV. AVE. Mr.
Victor Alumna, Sr.
They are also used on numbers.
Example: P 10.25 24.54
$1000.50
Ellipsis (…)
It is used in writing or printing to indicate an
omission, especially of letters or words.
Ellipses are frequently used within quotations to
jump from one phrase to another, omitting
unnecessary words that do not interfere with
the meaning.
Example:
She began to count, "One, two, three, four…"
until she got to 10, then went to find him.
When Newton stated, "An object at rest stays at
rest and an object in motion stays in motion..." he
developed the law of motion.
THE
QUESTION
MARK
2. QUESTION MARK (?)
It is a punctuation mark that replaces the period at the
end of an interrogative sentence. It is used at the end
of a sentence if it implies a question or interrogatory
remark.
Example: You do not love her, do you?
Am I supposed to laugh at your joke?
Would you believe that?
Have you seen a pack of wolves on the street?
THE
EXCLAMATION
MARK
3. EXCLAMATION MARK (!)
It is used at the end of the exclamatory sentences.
It is used when a person wants to express a sudden
outcry or add emphasis.
Examples: Hey!
Excellent!
Ouch! That really hurts.
Exercise
1.The earth is round
2.Stop
3.How much is the coffee
4.Ana bought a new bag
5.Wow The flowers are beautiful
4. Interrobang
a non-standard
punctuation mark (‽)
indicating a question
expressed in an
exclamatory manner.
Example:
What are you doing‽
Are you being serious right
now‽
THE COMMA
5) Comma (,)
It is the mark that separates words and word
groups with a series of three (3) or more.
Examples:
The student forgot to bring his bag, wallet, i.d,
and lunchbox.
The teacher began to teach history first, then
mathematics, then finally English.
It is used for separation of two complete
sentences.
Examples:
We went to the movies, and then we went out
to lunch.
Aliza and I bickered with one another, then
we inevitably said sorry to each other.
It is used to set off interrupting elements.
Examples:
He remembered, of course, that blood is thicker
than water.
The greatest sin that he did, mind you, is the fact
that he forgot to treat you right.
I tried to be sure, to be fair.
For clearness.
Examples:
To defeat the monster the Serpent he had to
use his shield.
To defeat the monster, the Serpent, he had to
use his shield.
For clearness.
Examples:
During recess time whizzed loudly.
During recess, time whizzed loudly.
It is used in numbers, dates, and letter writing
after the salutation and closing.
It is used for introducing or interrupting
direct quotations.
Examples:
•Althea asked, “What am I to you? A friend?”
•“Yes,” I answered, “We are nothing more but
friends.”
•The teacher simmered, “You should always open
your cameras at all times!”
Exercise:
6. He is tall dark and handsome.
7. I picked red roses and my sister chose
sunflower.
8. Lily the singer is famous for hitting
high notes.
THE COLON
6) Colon (:)
It introduces a list in the sentence.
Examples:
He was planning to study four subjects: politics,
philosophy, sociology, and economics.
The stages of grief are experienced as follows: denial,
anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.
It is used between clauses when the first
clause is explained by the second.
Examples: Marcus was lucky: he was chosen
by the director on the lead role.
The colon is also used to highlight a
clause to follow.
Example:
As you go through life, remember one thing:
The most humiliating criticism is
Traditionally, the colon has followed the
salutation in opening of business letter.
Example:
Dear Sir:
To whom it may concern:
Dear Madam:
The colon is used after a division of time,
literature, etc. to indicate a subdivision
follows.
Example:
3:45 P.M
Isaiah 65:17
15:45:17
Exercise:
9. The lights have three colors red, blue,
and white.
10. I was hopeless the chance to be a
winner in a lottery was impossible.
THE
SEMICOLON
7) Semicolon (;)
It is used to connect independent clauses. It shows a
closer relationship between the clauses than a period
would show.
Examples:
•John was hurt; he knew she only said it to upset him.
•We used to love hunting; however, it is not legal.
•It’s too cold out here; indeed, it’s winter.
CLAUSE- A clause is a group of words that
includes at least a subject and a verb.
Dependent Clause: is a clause that cannot stand
alone as a complete sentence because it does not
express a complete thought.
Independent Clause: is a clause that can stand
alone as a sentence (i.e., it expresses a complete
thought)
It is used between series if items
contain commas.
Examples:
John, the baker; Simon, the
policeman; and Toby, the architect.
It is used between series if items
contain commas.
Examples:
In one week, the runners saw San Simon,
Pampanga; Capas, Tarlac; and San Pedro,
Pangasinan.
It used after a main clause and before a
transitional word.
Example:
He did not win in the art contest;
nevertheless, he became famous for his
paintings.
Exercise:
11. The lady has an expensive bag
nonetheless, she needs to be careful
so that it will not be damaged.
Exercise:
12. Aira, the nurse Susan, the dietician
and David the therapist, attended the
meeting.
8) Apostrophe (')
is used to indicate the omission of
a letter or letters from a word,
the possessive case, or the plurals
of lowercase letters.
Omission of letters from a word:
I've seen that movie several times. She
wasn't the only one who knew the answer.
Possessive case:
Sara's dog bit the neighbor.
Exercise:
1. is not
2. it will
3. Laylas bag
4. Shes lovely.
5. The students papers are scattered.
9) Brackets, Braces, and Parentheses. ([]) ({}) ( ()
)
Primarily used for groupings and additional
information.
Examples:
He [Mr. Jones] was the last person seen at the house.
She highlighted six numbers {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12} on the ruler
she made.
John and Jane (who were actually half brother and sister)
Exercise:
6. Listening is defined as “paying close
attention to someone’s words and ideas”
that are picked up through hearing
Downs, 2008.
10) Dash (-)
is used to separate words into
statements. There are two
common types of dashes: en dash
and em dash.
En dash: Twice as long as a hyphen,
the en dash is a symbol (–) that is used
in writing or printing to indicate a
range, connections or differentiations,
such as 1880-1945 or Princeton-New
York train.
Exercise:
7. She was a chef from the year 2000
2004.
8. They took a train from Pampanga
Manila.
Em dash: Longer than the en dash, the em dash can be used
in place of a comma, parenthesis, or colon to enhance
readability, information, or emphasize the conclusion of a
sentence.
Example:
She gave him her answer — No!
Freud found the three structures of the psyche—id, ego, and
superego.
Most of the car companies—GM, Ford, and Chrysler—are
having financial problems because of the bad economy.
Exercise:
9. No you’re wrong!
10. They have three subjects English,
Math and Science.
Hyphen (-)
It is used to join two or more words
together into a compound term and is
not separated by spaces.
Example:
part-time, back-to-back, well-known
Exercise:
11. The students have face to face classes.
12. She is the mother in law of the
beautiful wife.
11) Quotations marks (" ")
They are a pair of punctuation marks used primarily to
mark the beginning and end of a passage attributed
to another and repeated word for word.
Examples:
"Don't go outside," she said.
Her idea of “friendship” is highly out of this world.
Single quotation marks (' ') are used most
frequently for quotes within quotes.
Marie told the teacher, "I saw Marc at the
playground, and he said to me 'Bill started
the fight,' and I believed him."
Exercise:
13. He asked, Did you finish your
assignment?
14. I know a good restaurant around here,
said the tourist guide.
ACTIVITY
Thank you!
