Development of Web-based Community Management System for Happiness Project

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Foreign

1. Paskaleva (2008) proposed a city e-readiness in Europe that entails an understanding of

city e-governance, e-government, and e-democracy. Each component of e-readiness

contains different systems (e.g., e-discussion, e-forums, e-surveys, etc.) that could

empower residents in a city. Balahadia et al. (2017) implemented this framework.

Georgiadis and Stiakakis (2010) provided a list of e-government services for citizens and

businesses. The list included 12 services for the citizens and 8 for businesses, such as

income taxes, job search, social security benefits, personal documents, car registration,

building permission, a declaration to the police, public libraries, certificates, enrolment to

higher education, an announcement of moving, and health-related activities. Nguyen et

al. (2014) proposed a framework that indicates the relationship between the government,

stakeholders, and Big Data and Electronic Records Management (ERM). The main

purpose of the framework was to collect and generate information which is considered

as a key building block of good governance. In another study, Lee-Geiller and Lee

(2019) investigated the relevance of municipal e-government practices relative to the

needs of its citizens. Through a mixed-method approach, the study showed that

municipal e-government practices were highly developed in basic online services (e.g.,

information publication) but less developed in terms of citizen engagement. The study

recommended that local and national websites could provide functionality where its

citizens can file complaints or send comments. The frameworks above provided a high

level of abstraction that is applicable at the national or municipal levels. Thus, a detailed,
 fine-grained e-government framework relevant to the services offered by the barangay is

needed.

2. Development of a software application is not an easy process. The success of

development usually depends on the method being used. One of the promising methods

was Rapid Application Development (RAD). To address the ever-changing needs of

users, developers are increasingly turning to methodologies like the Rapid Application

Development (RAD) method. As Yumhi et al. (2024) point out, RAD allows for faster

design, analysis, and implementation of system changes. This iterative approach

ensures the final product closely aligns with user feedback, making it more adaptable to

dynamic needs. Similarly, Tongkaw et al. (2019) highlight that the RAD model prioritizes

a rapid design and development cycle while aiming for high-quality results. It achieves

this by drawing inspiration from established methodologies like waterfall, agile, and

scrum.Evaluation is crucial to ensure the system meets all target user requirements.

The ISO/IEC 25010:2011 standard provides a well-established framework for software

quality evaluation (Estdale & Georgiadou, 2018). This approach goes beyond simply

assessing the software product itself; it helps determine the effectiveness of the

development processes and identify areas for improvement.

3. According to the statistics on the functions provided by these volunteer websites, we sort

the functions by the frequency and ratio of their occurrences. Then we divide these

website functions into basic functions (the probability of their occurrences is greater than

50%), common functions (the probability of their occurrences is between 20% and 50%)

and low-frequency functions (the probability of their occurrences is less than 20%).

Among them, basic functions are the fundamental functions of a website system,

ensuring the normal development and promotion of voluntary activities, and managing

volunteer information, such as navigation bar, link with social networks, news, search

and so on. Common functions are provided for website users by volunteer websites,
 related to voluntary service information and frequently used, such as log in, FAQs,

learning, training and so on. Low-frequency functions are functions with a small

frequency of occurrences in the existing voluntary service information websites, which

are ignored due to either legal reasons or cultural differences, such as find appropriate

activities, find voluntary partners, and legal help etc. In addition, platforms and systems

combined with new applications like mobile client have started to provide services in

websites of some voluntary organizations. According to the present situation of the

voluntary service information management system based on Web, there exist the

following problems: low ability to deal with large scale data and interaction; poor

interconnection/interoperability between websites; lack of personalized

recommendations; difficulty in project transparency tracking.

4. The Web provides a common infrastructure on which the individual applications can

work with each other (Linthicum, 2003). It also plays an important role for computerized

support systems. As proposed in 2003, the notion of web-based support systems

concerns multidisciplinary investigations that combine computer technologies with

domain specific studies (Yao and Yao, 2003). The web-based support systems can be

understood from the following specific aspects. The Web is viewed as a virtual machine

running various operating systems. Web browsers play the role of the interface or

window in which the Web application resides. This view makes it quite apparent that the

Web is a global deployment environment (Cerami, 2002). The WSS is also about

ubiquitous access to distributed applications and information. Since the Web provides a

greater and greater capability of connecting people all over the world, WSS are about

leveraging human cooperation by providing social interaction mechanisms and imposing

only as much restraint as is needed.

5. Alve et al. concentrated on the most proficient method to track issues. In their proposed

framework, they suggested a web application for registering complaints brought up in a

move and attempt to settle an issue ahead of schedule, as could be expected under the

circumstances. Due to such administrations, the time factor and desk work engaged with

putting down the issues and maintaining records in a complaints book is eliminated. The

physical labor required for issue tracking and resolution is minimized. They stated that in

the previous framework, issues were written in a book, and it was consistently a tedious

procedure. They said that sometimes there were problems that did not get resolved

because the people responsible did not attend to the issue, and the higher authorities

had no thought regarding it. Their proposed framework beat the drawbacks of the

previous structure by giving a simple method to register, track, and monitor issues. It

likewise lessened the resolution time, improved client administration, and developed the

company's standard. The proposed system was more user-friendly, allowed complaint

tracking functionality, and allowed users to monitor the system's condition. The

administrator could rapidly recognize the problematic territories in the company. It was

also easier to maintain. The project design of [20] contained two modules, one for the

user and one for the admin. It had a client-server relationship. The users could post their

objections, and the moderator would assess that issue and take the essential steps

necessary for resolution. The page administrator can see the number of clients,

specialists, pending and complete cases in the admin dashboard. On the full complaint

page, the user can see which complaints have been resolved successfully.

Local

1. Common in the new public sector reforms is the use of Information and Communication

Technology (ICT) in improving government procedures and processes and the linkage

between government, citizens, and other groups in governance to promote a more active
 and participatory political deliberation and decision making—a strategy known as e-

governance. Growing evidence over the past decades demonstrates the emergence of a

global field of inquiry at the intersection of government, society, and information and

communication technologies. This field is characterized by terms such as Digital

Government, e-government, e-governance, or information society. At the initial stage,

the term was a little more than a general recognition of the confluence of information

technology developments and the application and use of these technologies by

government entities. Subsequently, it has been used as a symbol of institutional reform

leading to a new social paradigm. Countries all over the world are now paying serious

attention to e-government, despite their differences in political systems, cultures,

economies, and developmental stages. In lieu of this trend, e-government can therefore

best be defined as the use of information technology to manage public affairs more

effectively, deliver public service more efficiently, and achieve democratic governance

more equitably.

2. Fiscal decentralization – the devolution of revenue mobilization and spending powers to

lower levels of government – has become a main theme of local governance in recent

years (Fjeldstad 2005). Local revenue mobilization has the potential to foster political

and administrative accountability by empowering communities (Shah 1998). Many local

government areas are financially weak and rely on financial transfers and assistance

from the central government (Brosio 2000). Moreover, the revenue collection

administrations are often inefficient and large amounts of revenues are left uncollected

whiles that collected are sometimes inappropriately managed (Fjeldstad 2005). If the

local governments are able to generate a lot of revenue internally some of the funds can

be used to undertake development projects in their respective assemblies instead of

relying solely on the Central Government. There is therefore the need to improve the

Internal Revenue Mobilization in order to meet targets set. Geographic Information

administration of a decentralized government and for the mobilization and management

of resources all over the world. They provide the framework for all forms of spatial data

storage, data retrieval, and analysis, display, reporting and modeling (Jensen 2002).

3. The web-based barangay information system for the overall objective is to develop a

web-enabled information system for the barangays of Davao Occidental, particularly the

barangays of Malita. The Web-Based Barangay Information System then assists the

Malita community in maintaining organizational efficiency and obtaining beneficial

solutions from the municipal authorities whether any situations arise in terms of

demographic, residences, or commodities in each Sitio. The Barangay Management

System, also known as e-barangay, is a web-enabled management approach that aims

to transform barangay management from a traditional to a citizen centered system. Its

primary goal is to simplify established administrative operations such as requesting

papers, voicing concerns, and obtaining appropriate and accurate barangay data [6]. In

developing the existing system, E-barangay, the research team employed the

prototyping software development approach. As expressed, this method evaluates the

specifications of the clients and the viability of design considerations rapidly. Before its

implementation, clients can interact with the system already, which allows them to

finetune the specifications.

4. In the Philippines, the barangay stands as the smallest political unit, playing a pivotal

role in local governance. It serves as the primary conduit for government services and

programs to the community. [2] Northern Illinois University (2011). One of its essential

functions is to maintain peace and order and ensure the safety of its residents.

Nevertheless, many barangays still rely on manual processes in their daily operations,

including the management of records and information. This traditional approach is time-

consuming and error-prone, resulting in inefficiencies in delivering services and

and efficient management system also impedes the barangay's ability to respond

promptly to emergencies and crises. Management Information Systems have become

increasingly sophisticated, and our reliance on computers in various aspects of life,

particularly in business operations, has grown. This not only streamlines business

operations but also enhances employee productivity as they can allocate more time to

productive tasks rather than data gathering. [4] Kettinger, W. J., Ryoo, S. Y., &

Marchand, D. A. (2021)

5. The advancement of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has led to the

emergence of e-government initiatives aimed at enhancing transparency and service

delivery in public sector organizations. Among these initiatives are Common Service

Centers (CSCs), which seek to improve access to public services and facilitate direct

interaction with the government. However, despite significant investments in e-

government projects by developing countries, CSCs, particularly in rural areas, face

notable challenges that hinder their effectiveness. In rural India, where access to

technology and digital literacy levels are lower compared to urban areas, CSCs

encounter various obstacles in delivering e- government services. These challenges

have been identified through literature reviews and expert surveys, shedding light on the

complexities of implementing and managing CSCs in rural settings.

Reference:

E-Barangay: A Framework for a Web-Based System for Local Communities and Its Usability

(https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357334023_E-Barangay_A_Framework_for_a_Web-

Based_System_for_Local_Communities_and_Its_Usability)
Development and Evaluation of a Web-Based Resident Information Management System

(https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382845181_Development_and_Evaluation_of_a_We

b-Based_Resident_Information_Management_System)

Next Generation of Web-based Information Management System for National Volunteer Service

(https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301445605_Next_Generation_of_Web-

based_Information_Management_System_for_National_Volunteer_Service)

Supporting Sustainable Communities with Web-Based Information Systems

(https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7930349/)

Development of a Web-Based Complaint Management Platform for a University Community

(https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351000536_Development_of_a_Web-

Based_Complaint_Management_Platform_for_a_University_Community)

Barangay Management System (https://ijmrap.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/IJMRAP-

V3N1P78Y20.pdf)

Web Based Barangay Information System Capstone Project Document

(https://capstoneguide.com/web-based-barangay-information-system-capstone-project-

document/)

Information Management System with Project Monitoring For Barangay

(http://urdc.usl.edu.ph/journals/jeai/papers/vol3/vol%203%20series%202023-51-60.pdf)

ENHANCEMENT OF BARANGAY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

(https://www.globalscientificjournal.com/researchpaper/ENHANCEMENT_OF_BARANGAY_MA

NAGEMENT_SYSTEM.pdf)

Barangay management System: Improving Governance and Service Delivery

(https://www.collegesidekick.com/study-docs/15056003)