The journey begins

Stories that are a myth

a) As you may have read in the title, this book will bring you closer to mythological tales,
You are in the history of all humanity. Do you know what a myth is and what its characteristics are?
characteristics? Research with the teacher in different encyclopedias and websites, and take notes.
here is what you have researched.
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Montserrat Viladevall
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 The journey begins

b) Very good! You know a little more about myths. However, because of the myths
they have supernatural and fantastic characteristics, currently the word 'myth' is used to
to say that something is a lie or that it is not true. Science is full of myths, that is, data
that people believe to be true but which are, in fact, false. Let's see an example:

It is often said that if you cut your hair, it grows healthier and stronger. It is a myth: the
Scientists explain that, in reality, hair grows almost exactly one centimeter.
per month (even if you don't cut it); what happens is that the hair is always thicker-
so at the base (near the scalp), for this reason, when we cut it, we
it seems to be stronger.

Are you willing to investigate some of the most popular claims and determine if they are
myths or not? Go ahead!

People say that... 'saliva is a good disinfectant for wounds.'

Myth True
Why?
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People say that... 'if the belly of the future mom is low, it's a boy, and if it's high,
a girl. Or that if the belly is pointed it's a boy and if it's round it's a girl.
Myth True
Why?
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Montserrat Viladevall
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 The journey begins

People say that... 'a coin thrown from a skyscraper can kill a pedestrian.'
Myth True
Why?
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People say that... 'two lightning strikes can hit the same place.'
Myth True
Why?
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People say that... 'yawning is contagious.'
Myth True
Why?
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Montserrat Viladevall
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 The journey begins

People say that... "it takes seven years to digest a gum."

Myth True
Why?
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People say that... 'cats always land on their feet.'
Myth True
Why?
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People say that... 'it's possible to die laughing.'
Myth True
Why?
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Montserrat Viladevall
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 The journey begins

If you look at the index of the book (at the end), you will find the titles of each of the stories.
There, different characters are named, such as Apollo, Daphne, Midas, etc. Do you know or have
Have you heard about any of them? Discuss with your classmates. Which one...
What? How do you know him?
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d) As you may have seen, in myths there appear some fabulous characters called
gods (children of two gods) and demigods (children of a human and a god). These characters
they usually represent the forces of nature. Research and relate each of the gods.
you are with the force of nature that they represent:

Poseidonl l Wisdom
Hadesl l Love and beauty
Demeterl l War
Hestial l Handicrafts and artisans
Athenal l The weather
Aphroditel l The sea and the storms
Aresl The hearth fire
Hephaestusl l The world of the dead
Apollol l Agriculture
Dionysiusl l Wine and wildlife
Cronosl l The sun, the arts, and music

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Montserrat Viladevall
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 The journey begins

e) Perhaps the Greeks have forgotten to create a god for some other things. That's why,
Let's complete the pantheon by imagining a name for the gods (or goddesses) that represent...
sentan

The tears:
Cloudy days:
The whispers:
The silence:
The trips:

f) All the gods are represented in the images with a particular object that identifies them.
for example, Dionysus (the god of wine) often appears with a glass of wine or a bunch of grapes
my grapes and Ares (god of war) with a spear and a shield. How would you represent it?
the gods or goddesses of point 1d? For example, you could represent the god of travel with
a suitcase. Go ahead!
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2. A viva voice
Every day, your teacher will read some story from this book so that together, you can share everything that
it's happening. Listen carefully, as the reading the teacher will do will help you improve your
own reading, the intonation and understanding of the novel. Don't hesitate to ask him something that you don't
Have you understood or should I ask you to repeat any passage? And if you feel like reading, go ahead!

Tony Llacay
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Montserrat Viladevall
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 On the planet of the book

3. The excessive ego

In the first story, we learn about a heroic feat of the god Apollo: he has killed the s
the Pitón painting and that has earned him fame among his own. Because of this, the authors say that
"he got a swelled head". Do you know what this means? Explain it below:
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b) In Latin, the word "ego" signifies. In our language, it is often used to talk about that which...
people with an excess of self-esteem, that is, who love themselves excessively
the same, they believe that they do everything right and that others are inferior. But it is also used
as a prefix to form other words related to 'I'. For example: egoist (which
it means that he wants everything for himself and that he shares nothing). Look for words that co-
miencen con el prefijo «ego» y defínelas.
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Montserrat Viladevall
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 On the planet of the book

c) Inventa otras palabras con el prefijo «ego» y defínelas. Por ejemplo, egojuego (cuando juegas
you alone, with yourself). Go ahead!
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d) Choose the phrase that seems most accurate to you and explain it:

The greatest lie is the ego. (Alejandro Jodorowsky)

People with a big ego need to be the center of attention, they crave recognition.
and they care very little about others. On the contrary, a healthy self-esteem allows us to
You have to respect our own wishes and also those of others. (Andrew Matthews)
The ego is like your dog. The dog has to follow the master and not the master the dog. One must
Make the dog follow you. You do not have to kill it, but to tame it. (Alejandro Jodorowsky)
There is no true happiness in selfishness. (George Sand)

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Montserrat Viladevall
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 On the planet of the book

e) In which stories of this book do you find characters with an inflated ego? Discuss with your
friends and write down the characters below.
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4. Greek mythology: of impossible loves and other demons

a) The story of Apollo and Daphne tells of an impossible love. Do you know other love stories?
Impossible? Discuss with your classmates.
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Montserrat Viladevall
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 On the planet of the book

b) In our country, there is a story of an impossible love known as The Lovers of Teruel.
Look for information about this story and write it down below.
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Montserrat Viladevall
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 On the planet of the book

c) With two arrows, Eros unleashed this story between Apollo and Daphne. Imagine that, before the
transformation of Daphne, a god that nobody knew appears on stage: the god of love
happy. This god is the only one who can undo the plots of Eros so that Daphne does not flee
and finally accepted young Apollo. Describe the happy god of love answering the following-
these questions:

What is the name of the happy god of love?

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Is there any relation to Eros: the god of love? Why is he the only one who can un-
make the enchantment of Eros?
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How is it represented in the images?
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Just as Eros shoots arrows, what object does the god of happy love use?
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Tony Llacay
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Montserrat Viladevall
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 On the planet of the book

d) Narrate the story in which the happy god of love you have created intervenes so that Apollo and
Daphne may you be happy forever.
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e) Read the following sonnet by Garcilaso de la Vega and briefly analyze it with your teacher:

Sonnet XIII (Garcilaso de la Vega)

Daphne's arms were growing.

and long branches turned were displayed;
In green leaves, I saw that they were changing.
the hair that darkened to gold.

It was covered with rough bark.

the tender limbs, which were still babbling;
the white feet on the ground knelt down
and in twisted roots they turned.

He who was the cause of such harm,

by crying, grow towards
the tree that watered with tears.

Oh miserable state, oh bad size!

May crying for it make it grow every day.
the cause and the reason why she was crying!

Tony Llacay
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Montserrat Viladevall
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 On the planet of the book

f) Which part of the story does it belong to?

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g) What other impossible love stories do you find in this book? Explain why they are impossible.
sibles.
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Tony Llacay
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Montserrat Viladevall
13
 On the planet of the book

5. Dionysius: a wandering childhood

a) As you have read, Dionysus had, in addition to a complex birth, a difficult childhood.
from one place to another, and transforming and disguising itself to evade Hera's wrath. Today, the
young Dionisio is tired. He no longer wants more trips, no more costumes. He turns to you for
give you some advice. Choose one of the following options:

Option 1: You must muster up the courage and finally confront Hera, defeat her, and thereby eliminate
the cause of their troubles.

Option 2: As you know you will not be able to defeat the goddess of Olympus, you must withdraw to a
a quiet and nameless place, and write a letter to his father, telling him about his misfortunes.

b) If you have chosen option 1: imagine how the battle between Dionysus and Hera was. Who won?
who, with what weapons, strategies or aids. Write the account of the battle below.
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c) If you have chosen option 2: write the letter that Dionysus will send to his father, Zeus, where he
she recounts and complains about all her misfortunes.
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Tony Llacay
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Montserrat Viladevall
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 On the planet of the book

d) Why do you think Dionysus is considered the god of wine, festivities, and uninhibited joy?
nothing. Make your hypothesis here.
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e) Investigate the true story and contrast it with the one you have invented.
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Tony Llacay
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Montserrat Viladevall
15
 On the planet of the book

6. Duels and challenges: tools of honor

a) In Greek mythology, challenges and duels are very important to gain honor and the
respect. That's why Apollo challenges Eros and Marsyas; then Midas confronts Apollo with Pan.
What other challenges or affronts do you find in the book?
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Montserrat Viladevall
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 On the planet of the book

Marsyas and Apollo challenge each other to play the flute with great skill. The duel is fierce as they...
They have great skill with the instrument. The words also have rhythm and, if you listen...
We listen carefully, certain melody. Sometimes, it happens to us that certain words please us.
dan, simply because of how they sound, because they are 'musical', because they bring images to
the memory. That's why now we are going to hold a musical duel... but with words! To do this:

Divide the class into three large groups: one group will represent Marsyas, the other Apollo.
and the third, to the Muses (as the jury of the duel).
The groups representing Apollo and Marsyas will choose a representative and then,
they will take a few minutes to make a list of 30 words they like, words
let beautiful words sound good.
Each member of the Muses group will create a table with 30 rows and two columns.
The 30 rows will correspond to the 30 words of mourning, and the two columns to the groups of
Apollo and Marsyas. Something like that, look:

Two columns

Apollo Marsyas

Up to 30 rows
(not counting the
headboard

Once each group is ready, draw lots to see who starts and sings.
this... the duel begins!
The representative of the group that has been chosen to start says (in a loud and clear voice
the first word of their list (they can repeat it twice); then the representative of
another group says their first word too. The Muses listen attentively to each pa-
they open and vote for one of them by putting a cross in the corresponding cell.
Once they have said the thirty words, each member of the group of the Muses with-
He will remove the crosses that he placed on the APOLO group and those of the MARSIAS group. Then, they will add the

results of all the tables and thus they will obtain the winning group.

b) Now choose a word yourself, the most sonorous one you find, the most beautiful and write a
poem using it.

Tony Llacay
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Montserrat Viladevall
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 On the planet of the book

7. Narcissus and Echo...echo...echo...echo...

a) Hera punished Echo by taking away her ability with words; from then on, the nymph
I could only repeat the last part of the words I heard. This is how what is now known was born.
we call it "echo." The girl was very sad, that's why some of our poets
they showed solidarity with the nymph and wrote beautiful poems to entertain her. Look! Read and
analyze the poems with your teacher.

Attention to the finals Difficult sonnet

Nazario Restrepo Francisco de Quevedo
He who is inspired by a delinquent muse It is love, according to what it burns, ember;
the one of the painter with cold brushstrokes sometimes in snow, pure ice, ice;
and for being completely crazy is whom I ask for comfort, ground;
Say that he must be sleeping, is he lying? and I take little from his scarce house.

No; the decadent is not a poet. It is a burning that passes through the quinter.

of whose dulcet voice pass; and like I sometimes pass it, it;
pure sour vinegar form; it is a dispute with no appeal, hair;
but it fascinates and is intelligent. it's from the devil that the dough, dough.

Let your guardian, Diana, inspire you, Tyrant to whom heaven inspires, wrath;
your verses smell like a rose a passion that if not loved, kills;
be your Castilian muse. pleasure, first that is accomplished, gone.

Never be the insidious goddess Archer that when he retires, he throws it away;
from the modern caravan a strong chain that even ties silver;
that the verse turned the leprosy prosaic. and bad that many have woven, nest.

At the funeral of Ana of Austria (Fray Luis de León)

Much to the sacred majesty He who sees what is acquired here, desires,
that attends to those who are in need, and when the greatest fortune
What is the kingdom of here borrowed state watch that the queen is buried underground.
Well, it's the end of the day;
And if the one who has eyes today would see,
the royal chair by afamadaamada, will put, oh world, in your craziness,
the most sublime, the most painted Well, he who trusts in good land.
it is seen in the tomb imprisoned, frozen,
Its glory ultimately discarded.

Tony Llacay
y
Montserrat Viladevall
18
 On the planet of the book

The Drunkard and the Echo (Francisco de Añón)

On a dark and foggy night I will speak, for my life,

so dazed went Anton, until your impious tongue
that fell from a stumble with this steel I drilled...
on the slippery sidewalk. Barking!

He let out an ugly curse. Bark? Am I a dog perhaps?

saying: who fell? Where, villain, are you?
And on the wall of the convent that waiting for you bores me
echo repercussions: "me". Donkey!
You're lying! It was me who fell; — Me a jackass? Strange insult
and if I broke the helmet I will avenge my arrangement.
I will have to spend on wigs... The moment is ripe...
— Lucas! —Tuno!
— I am not Lucas, I vote for God
We'regoingtoseeeachotherboth Where is the fool?
that you take me for a fool.
right now, big mouth.
Reply. Where is it located?
— Anton!
Come in!
You know me, huh! rascal
Well, wait a moment, Go ahead, if you're not a coward;
you will know my knife... And hurry up, it's late.
Low I’ll wait for you here.
But!
I will go down with great pleasure
There's no 'but' that matters, weakling!
Do you think I am scared?
On the contrary, more exalted... Leave, I'm already seeing red
and I long to have you in front of me...
Stop!
— What!
— Me? Stop? What does the bold one think

that in this brave chest — But where are you? I repeat

that I am hearing your scream
Is the value already wilted?
and your absence already amazes me.
— Chito!
— Look!
And does the insolent one intend
Yes, I look; but what the hell!
to silence a brave person?
What street I Miserable I can't see who I'm talking to,
Speak! well, none appears.
— One!

Tony Llacay
y
Montserrat Viladevall
19
 On the planet of the book

One or a hundred, it makes no difference; But are you alive or dead?

let it come out, let it come out now. Clarify this point well,
I await him. Here I stand! that nothing surprises me anymore.
Crazy. — Shadow!

Are you mocking me? I insulted a shadow.

Who are you, who are you, say? Forgive me that I took
Don't make me lose my calm. four cups with cake.
— Soul Eight!

But if you are a wandering soul, Antón left at that moment.

How can I not hear your chain? and at home he told his wife
Enough with the jokes; conclude. like a terrifying shadow,
Run! on the sidewalk of the convent
I had spoken to him/her. And it wasn't a story!
No way; I am not leaving here.
without knowing who is speaking to me like this.
At least tell me your name.
Man!

b) Do you dare to play the poetic echo as well? Remember that you must pay attention to the sound of the
words, not so much to the spelling (if you look in the poem of Fray Luis de León, you will find yourself
with situations like "painted/had" and "imprisoned/frozen", where the "h" is added). Do
un poema con las siguientes palabras, donde cada verso termine con el eco de la palabra.Te
let's give an example:

Filling: "My heart is filled, hay"

Unrestraint
In love Astonished Understood Earth
Scared Impact Lives Enclose

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Tony Llacay
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Montserrat Viladevall
20
 On the planet of the book

8. Phaethon, the son of the sun: a chariot that travels across the sky

Phaethon needs to know if Helios (the sun god) is really his father; for this, he asks the magnificent
I let Sol take the reins of his car for a day. His father warns him:

Keep in mind that at the beginning the path is steep; the horses must pull with all their strength.
forces and you hold the reins firmly. Never look down at the Earth; the height will
it would be dizzying. Be careful with the constellations; any touch with a star ignites.
"The car." (Page 40)

a) Why do you think the beginning of the path is steep?

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Tony Llacay
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Montserrat Viladevall
21
 On the planet of the book

b) Imagine that Helios, in addition to advising caution at the beginning of the journey (the dawn-
, he gives his son a long list of recommendations because every moment of the day, he tells him,
it has its difficulty. Write a recommendation for each moment of the sun's journey. For
example:

My son, the end of the road is also steep, you must leave promptly,
Then the veils of the night will chase you and the stars will meet too much.
look. Try not to let the light of Selene (the Moon) touch you, or you would disintegrate in the
act...

Moments:

Mid-morning:
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Noon:
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Tony Llacay
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Montserrat Viladevall
22
 In the book's planet
Good afternoon.
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Sunset
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Dusk:
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Tony Llacay
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Montserrat Viladevall
23
 On the planet of the book

9. A story with a happy ending

a) Eros is the god of physical attraction, desire, and physical love, and Psyche is the goddess of the soul. Why
What do you think they finally manage to consummate their union? What will it symbolize? Discuss with your
classmates and your teacher and note your conclusion here.
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Tony Llacay
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Montserrat Viladevall
24
 After the trip

10. Greatness or exaggeration?

a) In ancient Greece, hubris was referred to as any act of excess, that is, an extreme...
generated self-pride and a contempt for others. It was applied to men who
they challenged the gods, for those must be aware of the place they occupied in the
universe and not wishing to be greater than the gods themselves. Many of the stories that you have
Read, they commit an act of hubris. Could you say which?
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b) The Greeks fervently believed that the hubris suffered by men was the cause of their
unfortunate events. Read the following sentence, research the marked words and then explain it with your
words.

Each man has a destiny assigned to him and should not expect more than that, from what it-
Otherwise, the gods will impart their punishment.

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Montserrat Viladevall
25
 After the trip

c) If you think about it carefully, modern man is also still condemned by his hubris, it is
to say, because of its excess, for thinking that it is superior and that it can do anything. Comment with your
companions and look for examples of hybrids in today's society.
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Tony Llacay
y
Montserrat Viladevall
26
 After the trip

11. Many ways to see things

a) All these stories of gods and demigods were part of the ancient Greek religion. The
men and women of Greece believed in them, granted them the status of truth, and feared them
truly to the wrath of the gods. But not all religions behave the same. To carry out
For this activity, have the dictionary at hand; it will be very helpful! Next, you will see a
list of words. Look up their meaning in reliable sources. Once you have read the definitions
and discussed with your teacher, if it is not clear to you, write down the concepts but with your
own words.

Pantheism
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Polytheism
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Monotheism
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Tony Llacay
y
Montserrat Viladevall
27
 After the trip

b) What do you think defines Greek religion, whose stories are led by these fa-
bulky gods and demigods that you have known?
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Tony Llacay
y
Montserrat Viladevall
28
 After the trip

c) Look at the following works of art. Each one represents gods from Greek mythology. Do you...
Which ones? Why do you think they represent them? If you can't find the answer, you can search.
information about the artist and research their work, this way, you will find the answer.

Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510)

Which myth does it belong to and why?

William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825-1905)

Which myth does it belong to and why?

Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (1571-1610)

Which myth does it belong to and why?

Tony Llacay
y
Montserrat Viladevall
29
 After the trip

John William Waterhouse

(1849-1917)
Which myth does it belong to and why?

Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1680)

Which myth does it belong to and why?

Tony Llacay
y
Montserrat Viladevall
30
 Workshop for travelers

12. A mythology tailored to you

a) Let's invent our own mythology for the classroom. Each student in the class will be a god.
or a goddess that will represent something, according to her characteristics and personality. For example, the
the tallest classmate can be the god of the skies and the birds, the quietest,
the god of silence; the most studious, the goddess of wisdom. You should also think about a
an object that identifies them and with which they are represented. Don't forget to include yourself!
Go ahead!
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b) Read aloud your pantheon of gods and listen to your classmates' versions. You will see that
Imagination has no limits.

Tony Llacay
y
Montserrat Viladevall
31