History of Automobiles
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ScribdTranslationsHistory of Automobiles
Uploaded by
ScribdTranslationsHistory of automobiles
LThe history of the automobile begins with steam-powered self-propelled vehicles from the 18th century.
In 1885, the first automobile powered by an internal combustion engine using gasoline was created.
It is divided into a series of stages marked by the main technological milestones.
One of the most characteristic inventions of the 20th century has undoubtedly been the automobile. The
the first prototypes were created at the end of the 19th century, but it was not until a few decades later
when these vehicles began to be seen as something 'useful'.
The attempt to obtain a driving force that would replace horses dates back to the 17th century.
The automobile goes through the three phases of the great means of propulsion: steam, electricity, and
gasoline.
The first steam vehicle (1769) is the 'Fardier', created by Nicolas Cugnot, too
heavy, noisy, and fearsome.
Stage of the invention
Replica of the Richard Trevithick locomotive from 1801.
Automobile patented in 1886 by Karl Benz: the first car to be manufactured with a motor.
internal combustion
Second Car of Marcus (1888) (Technical Museum Vienna).
Louis Renault driving a Renault Voiturette, 1903.
Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot (1725-1804), French writer and inventor, took the great step by building
a steam car, originally designed to tow artillery pieces. The Fardier,
as Cugnot called it, began to circulate on the streets of Paris in 1769. It was a
tricycle that had a boiler and a two-cylinder engine mounted on the front wheel
vertical and 50 liters of displacement; the front wheel was both drive and steering to the
time, working both cylinders directly on it. In 1770, he built a second one.
model, larger than the first, and capable of towing 4.5 tons at a speed of 4
km/h. With this version, the one that could be considered the 'first accident' occurred.
automotive' in history, as the proper handling of the monumental became impossible.
vehicle, which ended up crashing into a wall that collapsed as a result of the accident. Cugnot
he still had time to build a third version in 1771, which is displayed at the
current events at the National Museum of Technology in Paris.
In 1784, William Murdoch built a model of a steam carriage, and in 1801, Richard Trevithick
drove a vehicle in Camborne (United Kingdom). In these first vehicles there
they developed innovations such as the handbrake, gears, and the steering wheel.
In 1815, Josef Bozek built a car powered by an oil engine. Walter Hancock,
In 1838, Robert Davidson built an electric locomotive that reached 6 km per hour.
Between 1832 and 1839, Robert Anderson invented the first car powered by electric cells.
no rechargeables.
The Belgian Etienne Lenoir ran a car with an internal combustion engine around
from 1860, powered by coal gas.
Around 1870, in Vienna, the inventor Siegfried Marcus made the engine work
internal combustion powered by gasoline, known as the "First car of Marcus". In 1883,
Marcus patented a low voltage ignition system that was implemented in models.
subsequent.
It is commonly accepted that the first gasoline cars were almost
simultaneously developed by German engineers working independently:
Karl Benz built his first model (the Benz Patent-Motorwagen) in 1885 in Mannheim.
Benz patented it on January 29, 1886, and began producing it in 1888. Shortly after,
Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach, from Stuttgart, designed their own automobile in 1889.
Veteran stage
In 1900, the mass production of automobiles had already begun in France and the United States.
United. The first companies created to manufacture automobiles were the French ones.
Panhard and Levassor (1889), and Peugeot (1891). In 1908, Henry Ford began to produce
automobiles on an assembly line, a fully innovative system that allowed him to
achieving manufacturing figures previously unthinkable.
In 1888, Bertha Benz traveled 80 km from Mannheim to Pforzheim (Germany) to
demonstrate the potential of her husband's invention.
Brass Era or Edwardian Era
Ford Model T.
Thus named for the frequent use of brass for the bodies. At this stage, the aesthetics of
the automobiles still resembled those of the old horse-drawn carriages.
Stage of Era
Austin 7 Box saloon (1926).
It covers from the end of World War I to the Great Depression of 1929.
Main vehicles:
1922–1939 Austin 7
1924–1929 Bugatti Type 35
1927–1931 Ford T
1930 Cadillac V-16
Pre-war stage
Citroën Front Wheel Drive
1929 - 1949 Development of completely closed and more rounded cars.
Relevant automobiles:
1932-1948 Ford B
1934–1940 Bugatti 57
1934–1956 Citroën Traction Avant
1938–2003 Volkswagen Type 1
1953 Rolls-Royce Phantom IV
Modern stage
Characterized by the development of safer and more efficient engines that are less polluting.
1948-1990 Citroën 2CV
1955-1975 Citroën DS, the first car with disc brakes
1961-1992 Renault 4
1965-1980 Renault 16, the first model of car with a liftback body, simulates the
lines of a sedan but has a rear door like all hatchbacks
1966-presenteToyota Corolla, Chrysler Challenger, Ford Mustang
1970-present Range Rover
1974–present VW Golf
1975–1976 Cadillac Fleetwood Seventy-Five - one of the largest cars ever manufactured
1976–present Honda Accord
1986–present Ford Taurus
1983-1998 Peugeot 205