Romulus, the first king of the Roman Monarchy period

Romulus was the first king of Rome and the founder of the city of Rome. In the year 753 BC, Romulus began
to build the city on the Palatine Hill. After the founding of Rome, he decided to populate the city
accepting all kinds of people (asylum): Refugees, freedmen, slaves, fugitives, etc.

The Rape of the Sabines

Romulus is the initiator of the historical period called Roman Monarchy.

Romulus, seeing that the population of his city was predominantly male, decided to provide for his
citizen wives, this is how Romulus invited the neighboring tribes to a festival in Rome, where
they kidnapped the young women from each tribe, but especially from the population of the
Sabines (known as The Rape of the Sabine Women).
After this, the Sabines declared war on them, and when they were about to confront each other in what would be a
final battle, the Sabines intervened between both warring armies to make them cease
to kill themselves because, they reasoned, if the Romans won, they would lose their parents and brothers, and if they won the
Sabines were losing their husbands and sons. The Sabines managed to make them see reason and finally they...
a banquet was held to celebrate the reconciliation, everything ended peacefully thanks to the Sabines who
they interceded for their new husbands, the Romans, and Romulus formed an alliance with the Sabine king, Titus Tatius, a
diarchy that lasted a short time, until the death of the Sabine.

Reign of Romulus in Rome: Establishment of the Senate

Romulus remained alone as king. Romulus selected 100 of the noblest men to form the
Roman Senate as an advisory council for the king. These men were called Fathers, and their
descendants became the patricians.

Also, under the reign of Romulus, the institution of the augurs was established as part of the religion.
just as the Comitia Curiata. Romulus divided the people of Rome into three tribes: Romans
(Ramnes), Sabines (Titios) and the rest (Luceres). Each tribe elected ten coviriae (curiae, community of
men), also contributing 100 knights and 10 centuries of infantry each, thus forming the
first legion of 300 cavalrymen and 3,000 infantry. Occasionally a second legion could be summoned in
case of urgency.

After 38 years of reign, Romulus had waged numerous wars, extending the influence of
Rome throughout Lazio and other surrounding areas. Soon it would be remembered as the first great
conquistador, as well as one of the most devoted men in the history of Rome. After his death
At the age of 54, Romulus was deified as the god of war Quirinus and serves not only as one
of the three main gods of Rome, but also as the deified image of the city of Rome.
Numma Pompilius
Numa Pompilius (753-674 BC) was the second king of Rome (716-674 BC), successor to Romulus. He married
with Tacia, daughter of the Sabine king Tito Tacio, which made him the brother-in-law of Romulus. Very little is known about this.
Most of the news reaches us through a biography written by the Greek writer Plutarch.
(c. 46-125).
After the death or disappearance of Romulus, there comes an interregnum (a year without a king) after which it is
chosen by the Senate Numa Pompilius for his sense of justice and for his religious competence.
an elderly, pious, and wise man who lived in the city of Cures. He was of Sabine origin.
God gave and strengthened the rights and peace agreements between Rome and the rest of the cities.

He was also the creator of the main religious institutions, and it is said that he ordered the construction of the
temple of Janus, at the foot of Mount Argilètum. He also took care of reforming the calendar by dividing it into
twelve lunar months.

The Romans at that time had a custom: to close the doors of the temple as a sign of peace, to open them
when Rome was at war. During the reign of Numa Pompilius, the gates remained
always closed. It is said that he had the power to unleash the fire of Jupiter. That is to say, that he knew
to produce electric shocks that caused dread among their enemies.

According to Plutarch, Numa Pompilius was the first king who organized a corporation of artisans. He established
eight classes: flutists, goldsmiths, carpenters, dyers, shoemakers, tanners, broncists, potters.

He also took care of organizing Roman religion, both in the public sphere and in the official one. Each
the family had its cult called Sacra and the priest and leader of this cult was the pater familias.

In the same way, each Curia (the Romans were divided into three tribes: Sabines, Latins, and Etruscans)
more than thirty curiae) had their worship directed in each case by a curio. The Roman families (the gens)
they had a bond of union among them which were the sacred gentilia, which were administered by a
priest whom they called flamen. The sacred gentility was sustained by the contribution of the stips, which was
a contribution offered by all the families.

With this king ends the period called youthful, characteristic of the brotherhood of the Luperci, that one whose
the initiation of their young people was interrupted by Remo's kidnapping. Those boys were some
eternal and always faithful adolescents who surrounded Romulus until his death and were the ones who
they formed his personal guard. They were the three hundred swift or fast.
Numa is credited with the establishment of the temple of the Vestals, a sacred temple where some
virgin priestesses kept the sacred fire, as the religion saw in the fire the beginning of the
life. Numa devoted a lot of time to strengthening the Roman religion and the worship of the gods, as well as mourning
and the customs. Plutarch indicates that Numa's authority was legitimized by the relationship he had
this king with the nymph Egeria.

After his death, Tulio Hostilio succeeded him, and years later, as the fourth King of Rome, his grandson Anco Marcio.
Julius Evola in Revolt Against the Modern World argues that 'with Numa the lunar type reappears
Etrusco-Pelasgian royal priest, guided by the feminine principle, the Egeria, and with him the announcement is made.
division between royal power and priestly power.

The Pompilia Family

King Numa Pompilius married twice. The first was to Tacia, daughter of the Sabine king Titus Tatius,
with whom he would not father offspring. Later he would marry Lucrecia, with whom he would have children.
Pomponio, Pino, Capo, Mamerco, Pompilio, and according to some scholars, Pompilia. These in turn gave
origin of the Gens: Pomponia, Pinaria, Calpurnia, Aemilia, Pompilio, and Pompilia.
Tulio Hostilio

Tullus Hostilius or Tulio Hostilio (in Latin, Tullus Hostilius or Tullius Hostilius; reign, c. 673-c. 642 BC) was
the third king of Rome. He was Latin and an older man when he came to power.
It happened to Numa Pompilius after the interregnum of a year, as was customary. To Tulia Hostilia he ...
Anco Marcio, grandson of Numa Pompilius, succeeded.

Tulio Hostilio's grandfather, Hosto Hostilio, had been a companion of Romulus, one of the prominent
in the fight against the Sabines. Tullus is a dark character in the history of Rome. It is known that he was very
warrior, as much or more than the founder Romulus himself. He expanded the city of Rome to a fourth
hill, called the Caelian Hill. The Curia Hostilia takes its name from it, as it is attributed to the
promotion of said construction.

The celeries
It is said that Romulus always had around him and as his personal guard the eternal adolescents.
swift Etruscan calls or fast, which came to be 300 individuals. This military body was abolished.
by King Numa Pompilius, but later his successor Tullus Hostilius reintroduced it with a salary,
as a special cavalry corps and personal guard, and became the main force of the army of
this king. The chief of the celeri played a very important role from then on until reaching
to be the leader of all the foot and cavalry troops. It was he who had the right to make the levies.
of the soldiers and of convening the elections.

Destruction of Alba Longa

Neoclassical painting by Jacques Louis David inspired by the story of the Horatii.

Alba Longa was, according to legend, the ancient city founded by Ascanius, son of Aeneas. From this city
the ancestors of Romulus and his own mother, Rhea Silvia. It was located in ancient Latium at
at the foot of Mount Albo and next to the Álbula River (the Tiber).

It is known that King Tullus Hostilius was very warlike. He sought war against the city of Alba Longa, whose
The king according to Titus Livius was Gaius Cluilius. The looting of lands from Alba Longa provided the opportunity for this.
Roman peasants, followed by looting by Albanians in retaliation. Both kings sent envoys to
to claim the return of what was stolen, but Tulio Hostilio preemptively rejected those from Alba Longa,
declaring war. The army of Alba Longa marched against Rome, but in the camp its general died.
King, Cayo Cluilio, which is why Mecio Fufecio was appointed dictator. Mecio sought to avoid war, and when
both armies were ready for battle, urged the Romans for peace, arguing that
whoever emerged victorious would do so with so many losses that they could easily be subdued in an attack from
the Etruscans. Both peoples then agreed that there would be no battle, and to decide which city would have
authority over the other through combat between representatives of each army: three brothers
Roman twins and against three Albanian twin brothers. These were respectively the Horatii.
(Horatii) and Curiatii (Curiatii). Both Titus Livius and Dionysius of Halicarnassus recount the confrontation:
In the first clash, two of the Horatii died, but the three Curiatii were seriously injured.
wounded. Immediately after, the surviving Horacio began to run, being chased by the Curiacios, but
due to their wounds, they were running at different speeds, which Horacio took advantage of to
suddenly turn and attack them separately, killing all three. The triumph was thus for the
Romans and as a consequence the Albanians submitted to Rome. Tullus Hostilius ordered that Metius should...
will support with its army in case of war against the Etruscan city of Veii.

Shortly after, the city of Fidenas, which was under Roman rule as a colony, planned to rebel with
support from Veyes. Mecio offered himself as a secret ally to the rebellion, promising to betray the
Romans at the moment of combat. Tulio Hostilio called the Albans for support. For the battle, Tullo
Hostilio formed the Romans against the troops of Veii, and the Albans against those of Fidena. But
Mecio Fufecio drove away the Albanians by climbing to some neighboring mountains, abandoning the Romans and
waiting to intervene in favor of whoever would take advantage in the battle. Then Tulio Hostilio announced to
shouts to his army (so that the enemy could hear it too) that Mecio was not abandoning the
field, but rather following his orders to attack the Fidenas from the rear. With this, he gave
trust in the Romans and launched them against the Fidenates, who, fearing to be surrounded, were retreating.
After defeating the Fidenates, he attacked the wing of Veyes and defeated it. The battle was the bloodiest that Rome had ever seen.
he had liberated until that moment. Mecio reintegrated his army with that of Rome and Tullus Hostilius pretended to receive him.
in good spirits. But the next day he called an assembly of both armies. The Albanians arrived
unarmed but were surrounded by the Romans. Tulio Hostilio accused the Alban chief of treason and
he ordered him to be torn apart by tying him to two chariots. He then commanded that Rome and Alba
Soon they would gather again as one people and city, bringing the Albanians to Rome, giving
Roman citizenship to its people and the office of senators to its leaders. Next, Alba Longa was
destroyed in its urban structure, and its inhabitants relocated to Rome.

Death of the king

According to legend, the warlike actions of Tulio Hostilio ran out the patience of the god.
Jupiter, who, enraged, killed him with his lightning. But the historian Titus Livius tells that he was murdered.
at the hands of the nobles who were not very happy with his rule. His reign lasted 32 years.
Anco Marcio
Biography of Ancus Marcius, he is the fourth king of Rome during the political period of Roman history.
called Roman Monarchy.

Ancus Marcius (640 BC - 616 BC) was the fourth of the Kings of Rome and the last of the Latin Dynasty.

Grandson of the second king, Numa Pompilius, on his mother's side, he was the last king of Sabine origin. His mother
It was Pompilia. This King presents characteristic elements of King Romulus and others of Numa Pompilia.

According to Livy, the conquest of Latium continued, and a certain number of Latins were settled in Rome.
Aventine Hill, which was the core of the plebeian class, without the right of representation in the
Senate. legalized warrior rites.

In public works, this king carried out numerous projects. He fortified the Janiculum; he built a bridge.
of wood over the Tiber River, the Pons Sublicius; he founded the port of Ostia to protect the estuary of
Tiber; built some salt pans; erected the first prison in Rome, to confine the accused until
decide what to do with them (until then, the usual punishment was exile).

His reign lasted 24 years and he possibly died of natural causes, like his grandfather, being remembered.
as one of the great pontiffs of Rome. He was the last of the Latin-Sabine kings of Rome.
Tarquinio Prisco
Lucius Tarquinius Priscus (reign, c. 616 BC - c. 578 BC), also known as Tarquin the Elder or
Tarquinio I was the fifth king of Rome according to tradition and the first and founder of the city according to
some contemporary historians.

Life
Son of a Corinthian refugee named Demaratus, who settled in the Etruscan city of Tarquinia, was
authoritarian and warrior and, at the same time, great planner and urban planner. He had a palace built
Etruscan in a time when huts were the homes of people. He ordered that they make him a
ostentatious throne where he always sat with the scepter of command in hand and a helmet on his head
with feather decorations. He was wealthy and extravagant among people with very austere customs.
As a son of Greece, he had received a fairly complete education; he knew philosophy, geography,
mathematics and other subjects. The Roman historian Titus Livius (59 BC - 17 AD) says that he was the first
king who used intrigues to get elected and gave a speech to secure the support of
town.

He managed to make Lazio submit to vassalage. Later he fought against the Sabines and succeeded in taking control of
more land. For his struggles he needed many weapons that heavy industry provided him. Lucio
Tarquinio was the great promoter of Roman industry. He introduced the Etruscan custom of the triumph, after
the victorious war.

With its urban development efforts, Rome made a significant leap in the increase of monuments and in planning.
urban. He is credited with the construction of the sewers called Cloaca Maxima. He ordered the streets to be laid out.
new neighborhoods, a forum or central square, and ordered the construction of authentic houses to replace the huts
habitual; the Circus Maximus and the temple of Jupiter on the Capitol.

He was murdered in 575 BC, a victim of the vengeance of the dispossessed sons of Ancus Marcius. But
they could not regain power thanks to a clever maneuver by Tanaquil, their widow—also
Etruscan—who took command until her son Servius Tullius was old enough to govern. This was the
the first and last time the throne of Rome was inherited.
Servius Tullius
Servius Tullius (reign c. 578 BC–c. 534 BC) was the sixth king of Rome, according to traditional history.
the city. Successor of Tarquinio Prisco, he is credited with 44 years of reign until he was murdered by his
own daughter Tulia, in collusion with her son-in-law Tarquin the Proud, who occupied the throne in his place.

Son of Ocrisias, a slave captured by the Romans after the conquest of the Latin city of Corniculum, and
Raised in the royal palace, he won the favors of Tarquinio Prisco and, thanks to the support he received from his
widow Tanaquil succeeded him on the throne when he was assassinated. According to an alternative version, whose
The main source is Emperor Claudius, who would be identified with the Etruscan character called Mastarna.

Servius Tullius is remembered as one of the most admired kings of Rome, to the point of being
considered almost like a second founder and the true creator of the concept of Roman citizenship,
with the introduction of the census, the reform of the army, and the expansion of the city limits. In the
The classical period was attributed with the construction of the walls of Rome, the so-called Servian walls.

Origin
The Roman tradition

According to Roman tradition, Servius Tullius was of servile origin, the son of Ocrisia, a slave.
captured when Tarquinio Prisco took the Latin city of Corniculum. Raised in the royal palace, he
he recounts that one day his head became engulfed in flames without suffering the slightest harm, which, upon being
considered a sign of divine favor, it earned him the favor of the king and his wife Tanaquil and marked the
beginning of his rise until, as an adult, he began to take on positions of responsibility in the
government (Dion. Hal., Ant. Rom., 4.3).4

Although apparently none of the kings of Rome were of patrician origin even in ancient times
It seemed strange that Servius Tullius was a slave by birth; it has even been suggested without much
the basis that the legend arose as a consequence of a popular etymology of its name (servus
it means 'slave'). Thus, according to other sources, Ocresia would actually be the widow of an aristocrat from
Corniculo that Tanaquil welcomed as a lady-in-waiting (Liv., Hist. Rom., 1.39.5). Finally, some
Legends allude to their conception by some divinity, a household god, or Vulcan himself.

It is possible that this news reflects that the kings of Rome really sought to legitimize their
power based on its close relationship with some gods. Thus, one of the monuments most
important in Rome was the Volcanal, of uncertain location in the Comicio and closely
related, if not coincident, with the sanctuary of the Lapis Niger, in some of its older phases,
closed in the 6th century, fragments of black figure pottery representing have been found
Hephaestus, the Vulcan of Greek mythology.
The Etruscan version

The Lyon Tablet, which contains the text of Claudius' speech before the Senate (AD 48).

There is, however, another version of the origins of Servius Tullius based on Etruscan sources, known
thanks to a speech that Emperor Claudius delivered in the Senate before a delegation of the
Gaul in the year 48 A.D.

If we follow our own sources, he was the son of a captive named Ocrisia; on the other hand, if we follow
the Etruscans, was at first Celio Vibenna's most loyal friend and participated in all his adventures.
Subsequently, driven by a change of fortune, he left Etruria with what remained of the army.
of Celio and occupied the hill of the same name, which he named after his former captain. Servius changed to
name (for in Etruscan he was called Mastarna), and received the one I have used, reaching the throne to
Gloria, the mayor of the state.

Lyon Table. ILS, 212.I.8-27.7

This alternative seems completely unknown to Roman analytical sources, but Celes
Vibenna is indeed cited by antiquarians such as Varro or Verrius Flaccus, and both he and his brother Aulus are
prominent figures of Etruscan tradition. Their names appear in the archaeological record both
in bronze as in ceramics, even in contemporary contexts: a bucchero from Veii
could be an offering from Avile Vipiienas himself.

Masters freeing Celes Vibenna.

Fresco from the Tomb of François (Vulci, 4th century BC).

Nevertheless, the most important Etruscan testimony is that of the François Tomb, discovered in 1857 in
Vulci, dated around 340 BC, where a mural painting reflects a scene alluding to the
history of the city facing, on the opposite wall, a parallel episode from the Iliad in which
sacrifices Trojan prisoners during Patroclus's funeral. They are identified in the fresco with
their names Caile Vipinas, Macstrna (holding two swords and unleashing the first, both in the
far left), Rasce (eliminating Pesna Arcmsnas Sveamach), Avle Vipinas (who kills the
character of the shell, Venthical [...] plsachs) and Marce Camitlnas who, according to interpretation, would have been
prisoners and are released by their companion Larth Ulthes (the only one appearing with a tunic and
who stabs Laris Papathnas Velznach). Among the captors, represented on the far right, is
Cneve Tarchunies Rumach whom Marce Camitlnas is about to pierce with his sword.
The enemies are represented with their gentilic names (Rumach, from Rome, probably Velznach)
from Volsinii and Sveamach of Sovana, while for [...] plsachs both Salpinum and have been suggested
the ethnonym for 'Faliscan' so the painting could refer to a war between Vulci and Rome,
both accompanied by their respective allies, during the time of the Tarquins and giving rise to the theory that
Gnaeus Tarquinio of Rome was the same Tarquinio Priscus who was succeeded by Servius Tullius/Mastarna (has been
it is proposed that this last Etruscan appellation could derive from the Latin word magister, which appeared
in various official Roman positions). However, the praenomen of Tarquinio Prisco was Lucius, although
this could correspond to the Etruscan lauchme, 'king', and therefore have replaced the original; and neither
It is clear that Claudio's deduction in identifying the Mastarna from Etruscan sources with Servius
Tulio of the Romans has been based on solid evidence. Nonetheless, it is a reconstruction that accounts for
with strong support among specialists.

Ascension to the throne

Servius, after gaining the favor of Tarquin and Tanaquil, married Tarquinia, the daughter of the king,
called Gegania in some sources (Plutarch. Rom. Fort. 10.1). When Tarquin was killed by two
hitmen hired by the sons of Anco Marcio, who were trying to inherit the throne that had
In response to her father, Tanaquil ordered to delay the announcement of the king's death and communicated to the
a village, peering out of a window, that while it was recovering, the king had chosen Servius Tullius to...
he will govern in his name. Meanwhile, they exiled the Marcios and after a few days, controlled the
situation, the official announcement of the king's death was made, whose funeral was presided over by Servio Tulio at his
first official act (Liv., Hist. Rom., 1.40). The announcement by Tanaquil has also been related to a
famous reason, that of "the goddess of the window", widely spread in Cyprus and other areas of the East
Next, in which the new king was celebrating a sacred marriage, which could really mean
spending the night in the temple with a priestess, at the end of which the goddess would appear and announce
his approval of the appointment.

Another indication of the representation of divine favor is found in the temple dedicated to Fortune and Mother.
Matuta at the Boarium Forum, near the Tiber port. It is a sculptural group (dated
approximately in 540/530 BC) composed of the figures of Hercules and Minerva, which presents to the
first to the other Olympic gods. This suggests the contemporary analogy of the entry of
Pisistratus in Athens, riding in a chariot and accompanied by a girl dressed in armor.
mode of Athena (Herodotus, Hist., 1.60), when both the Greek tyrant and the king of Rome
they identified themselves with Heracles/Hercules.

The rise to the throne of Servius Tullius was carried out irregularly, without respecting the interregnum, without the vote
from the people and without the ratification of the Senate. Livy and Cicero (Rep. 2.37) actually affirm that it was the
first to reign without submitting to the popular vote, a circumstance that Tarquin later used
Arrogant to try to justify the usurpation of the throne.
Tarquin the Proud.
Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (in Latin, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus; reign, c. 534 BC - c. 509 BC) was
the seventh and last king of Rome. He was the son, or possibly the grandson, of Lucius Tarquinius Priscus and son-in-law of the
previous king Servius Tullius, whom he assassinated. He exercised a despotic government.

Origin
Tarquin was the last king of Rome and also the last of its three 'Etruscan' kings. And of the same
the global chronology of the Roman monarchy, the traditional chronology of the Tarquins
It presents inconsistencies that were already known to ancient historians. Thus Tarquin the
Soberbio would be the son of Tarquin Priscus (who reigned from c. 616 BC to c. 578 BC) and would have inherited the
throne of his successor Servius Tullius in 534 BC. If his father died in the year 578 BC, Tarquin would be
at least eighty years during the battle of Lake Regillus. Moreover, his mother, Tanaquil, who had
accompanied Tarquin Priscus in his coronation in the year 616 BC, being already an adult woman, she would have
conceived more than thirty years later.

Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Ant. Rom., 4.7.4) cites historians who, to avoid these difficulties,
they proposed that Tarquin the Proud and his brother Arruns would actually be the sons of a second
wife of Tarquinius Priscus; although he preferred to give credit to the analyst Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi who
it was to the Proud grandson and not son of Tarquin the Elder. In any case, such solutions are
incompatible with the oldest traditions and, above all, with the version maintained by Fabio
Píctor.4

Ascension to the throne

Tarquinio seized the throne of Rome by overthrowing his father-in-law and predecessor Servius Tullius.
version of Livy, Tarquinian appeared in the Forum accompanied by armed men and summoned the
senators to denounce Servio as an illegitimate king:

Then he began to insult him... saying that... after the disgraceful death of his father, without
establish the usual interregnum, without calling the elections, without the suffrage of the people, without the
Senate ratification, had occupied the throne as a gift from a woman.
Livy, History of Rome, 1.47.10

When Servius Tullius went to defend himself against the accusations, in the resulting confusion among the
respective supporters, it was Tarquin himself who threw the king down the stairs towards the forum.
leaving him half dead. According to Livio's account, Servius Tullius was executed by his
pursuers and then his own daughter Tulia, wife of Tarquinio, ran over the corpse with the chariot that
he was leading (Liv., Hist. Rom, 1.48).5
Reign

Foundations of the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus.

Capitoline Museums (Rome)

Ancient sources present the reign of Tarquin the Proud as a period of expansion in the
that Rome consolidated its hegemony over Latium. It is attributed to the conquest of Pomecia and Tusculum
(where he married his daughter to the local leader Octavio Mamilio), as well as the takeover of Gabios,
city with which a treaty was signed that, preserved in the temple of Semón Sanco, could still be found
consult in the times of Augustus (Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom., 4.58.4). He also established colonies in Signia and
Circeyos. This policy should have continued throughout his reign, as at the moment of his
the overthrow was besieging Ardea, and there are even reports that he led a military alliance of
Latin cities (Liv., Hist. Rom, 1.52).7

The importance of Rome as a regional power in the era of the last kings is also seen
supported by other independent information. Thus, the excavations of Sátrico (which very
possibly it can be identified with Pomecia) confirm the wealth of this city and support the
tradition that its conquest served to finance the construction of the Temple of Jupiter Capitoline
(Tacitus, Hist., 3.72). Another relevant archaeological testimony is the probable Roman origin of
architectural terracottas found in Circeyos, a colony to which the name is almost certainly due
a reference to the power of Latinos in the appendix of Hesiod's Theogony (Theogony, 969-1018).

However, the most important description of the limits of Roman power at the end of the 6th century BC is
find in the treaty between Rome and Carthage signed according to Polybius (Hist, 3.22) in the first year of the
Republic. Carthage was the dominant power of the western Mediterranean, but it acknowledges Rome a
influence area that reaches up to Terracina, a city located on the coast about one hundred kilometers south of
Rome.9

It is significant that the same tradition that portrays Tarquin as the prototype of the despot is seen
obliged to reflect also the success of the Roman expansion, just as happens with the rest of the
achievements attributed to him. The specific authorship of many of them is sometimes assigned to several kings.
different, but in the case of the Tarquinii this type of doublets is particularly noticeable. A
an example is the case of the construction of the sewers, which Pliny (Nh., 36.107) attributes to Tarquinio Prisco
and Casio Hemina to the Soberbio. Both tell the same legend in which the penalties of the tasks
they drove many humble workers even to suicide. At other times, to solve the problem of the
repetitions, it was customary to assign to the first of the kings the start of the works and to the next one his
completion, as happens with the undoubtedly most important temple of Ancient Rome: that of Jupiter in
the Capitol.