Morphology of The Banana
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ScribdTranslationsMorphology of The Banana
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ScribdTranslationsMorphology of the banana
The cultivation of Banana Musa paradisiaca is of great economic importance as it is one of the
most consumed tropical fruits.
Root
They are superficial, distributed in a layer of 30-40 cm, with most concentrated at 15 to
20 cm. They are white and tender when they emerge, later they become hard and yellowish.
They can reach 3 m of lateral growth and 1.5 m of depth. The penetration power
the root is weak, so the root distribution is related to the texture and
soil structure.
True stem
The true stem is a large, starchy, underground rhizome that is crowned with buds;
These develop once the plant has flowered and borne fruit. As each
the rhizome's sucker reaches maturity, its terminal bud becomes an inflorescence when
to be pushed up from the inside of the ground by the elongation of the stem, until
emerge above the pseudostem.
Pseudostem
The part of the plant that resembles a trunk is, in fact, a false stem called
pseudostem, and it is made up of a tightly packed set of overlapping leaf sheaths (see below).
Although the pseudostem is very fleshy and is mainly composed of water, it is quite
strong and can support a bunch of 50 kg or more.
Leaves
Each leaf emerges from the center of the pseudostem like a rolled cylinder. The tip
distal to the elongating leaf sheath contracts to form a petiole, more or less
open depending on the cultivar. The petiole becomes the central vein, which divides the
limbo in two half sheets. The upper part of the sheet (beam) is called the surface
abaxial (underside) while the lower one is called abaxial surface.
The first rudimentary leaves produced by a growing offspring are called cotyledons.
Mature leaves, known as true leaves, consist of sheath and petiole,
central rib and limbus. In the blades, the ribs run parallel in an s shape.
long, from the central vein to the margin. Since they do not branch, the leaves tear.
easily.
Hijuelos
The son is a side shoot that develops from the rhizome, and generally arises very close to
the parent plant, also called the mother plant. Morphologically, there are two types of
son: the sword son, which has narrow blades and a large rhizome, and the water son, which has
wide leaves and a small rhizome. The children of water have a weak connection to the plant
mother and do not develop like a strong plant.
Inflorescence
It supports itself on the floral stem, that is, on the true stem of the plant. The floral stem, which is
produced by the terminal growth point of the rhizome, grows through the pseudostem and
It emerges at the top of the plant once the last "cigar" leaf has sprouted.
Fruit
It is elongated with three or six sides, with a degree of curvature and length that varies according to the
variety, this is formed from the ovary of a pistillate flower. The small dots that are
they observe when opening the fruit are the aborted ovules that turn black.
Morphology of the carrot
Stem:
During the vegetative stage, it is extremely compressed at ground level, therefore
their internodes are not visible. In the nodes are the buds that give rise to the rosette
of leaves. Once the reproductive stage begins, the internodes of the stem elongate and in
At the apex, the primary inflorescence develops. The stem and branches are rough and pubescent.
A plant can have one or several flowering stems with a height that varies between 60 and 200 cm.
Leaves:
The first true leaf emerges 1 to 2 weeks after germination. The leaves are
pubescent, 2-3 pinnatisect, with lobed or pinnatifid segments. The petioles are
longs, expanded at the base.
Root:
Anatomically, the roots of the carrot are composed of the phloem (in the part most
external) and the xylem or heart in the central part. The shape of the roots can be from
rounded to cylindrical, with various intermediate forms. The diameter of the part
superior varies from 1-2 cm in some varieties to 10 cm in others. The length extends
between 5 and 50 cm, although most varieties have roots ranging from 10 to
25 cm. In addition to orange carrots, carrots of other colors are cultivated worldwide.
colors like white, red, yellow, and purple. The difference between these roots is the
pigments that possess: orange carrots mostly contain beta-carotenes, the red ones
they contain lycopene, the yellow xanthophylls, the purple anthocyanins, and the white ones do not have
no pigment.
Inflorescence:
It is formed by compound umbels that appear in terminal position. Each plant has
a central umbrella, or primary or first order, that corresponds to the main stem. The
Successive branching of the stem produces umbels of second, third, and even seventh order.
Flowers:
They are hermaphrodites, small and white, or white with green or purple hues. Each flower
it has 5 small green sepals, 5 petals, 5 stamens (male organs that carry the
pollen) and a bilocular ovary with two styles. In carrot, there is androsterility, the anthers do not
they produce pollen, highlighting two types of androsterility: that of the brown anthers, in the
the anthers degenerate and wilt before anthesis; and the androsterility of the type
petaloid, in which the stamens are replaced by petals. Androsterility is
used for the production of hybrids. The flowering of each umbel (opening of the entirety
(of its flowers) lasts between 7 and 10 days, and the difference in flowering between orders of umbels is
7 days, meaning that the flowering of a carrot plant spans a period of 30 to 50 days,
depending on the number of umbels per plant. Pollination occurs through
insects.
Fruit:
Each carrot flower consists of a schizocarp made up of two united achenes.