SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

2024-25

Subject: Media
Grade: 11 Topic: Postmodernism
Studies

Supplementary
Date: 16/7/24 Faculty: Poornisha
Notes No:

Postmodernism media text do not reflect reality but are in themselves a new
reality- they construct a reality on their own. (Eg. Advertisements vs Nature,
reality.)

Postmodernism is a way of thinking about culture, philosophy, art and other

meanings. In the postmodern understanding, interpretation is everything;
reality only comes into being through our interpretations of what the world
means to us individually.

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Postmodernism media gives individuals the opportunity to shape identities and

adapt to a lifestyle of their choice. Media constructs people's realities – for
example, a person's social media profile on Facebook or Instagram.

The media text sits between us the audience and the reality.

Breaking the fourth wall is

•When we are so surrounded by media we have to reference it when we make

a new product.

•post media text offers the audience representation of a meta reality that they
are expected to be aware of.

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POSTMODERN AUDIENCE
The common elements that can be identified in a postmodern text include
intertextuality, parody, pastiche, homage, bricolage, simulacra, hyper-reality
and fragmentation.

•Pastiche

an artistic work in a style that imitates that of another work, artist, or period
"the operetta is a pastiche of 18th century styles".

The most wonderful time of the year is almost here and there is one
thing guaranteed to get Brits in the mood for mistletoe and wine -
the John Lewis Christmas advert.
The retailer unveiled its eagerly anticipated clip on November 4,
titled Unexpected Guest, that pays homage to E.T. The Extra-
Terrestrial, and stars an alien called Skye experiencing her first
Christmas.

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Example of patische
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZTttgc0DPA4

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PARODY

A parody takes a piece of creative work–such as art, literature, or film–and

imitates it in an exaggerated, comedic fashion. Parody often serves as a
criticism or commentary on the original work, the artist who created it, or
something otherwise connected to the work.

Shrek is a movie that needs no introduction at this point. It's been a beloved
classic for over 20 years, with its story about an ogre who becomes an unlikely

hero resonating with young and old viewers alike.

For much of its runtime, it's a (surprisingly) scathing and sometimes crude
takedown of well-known fairytales and their classic Disney interpretations. But
as it goes on, Shrek reveals itself to be a genuinely touching movie about love,
friendship, and being true to yourself, emerging as a great modern fairytale
while poking fun at fairytales of old.

Movies:
Tamizh padam

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Bricolage

In the arts, bricolage (French for "DIY" or "do-it-yourself projects"; French

pronunciation: [bʁikɔlaʒ]) is the construction or creation of a work from a
diverse range of things that happen to be available, or a work constructed
using mixed media.

Bricologe a text produced from a range of available text. GreenMat

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• Irony what is presented in a text seems to mean one thing but in fact has the
opposite meaning.

• Self –referentiality/self-reflecivity: when a media texts makes a reference to

itself. The BBC reporting on job cuts at the BBC.

• Intertextual reference: when a media text makes a reference to another

media texts Shrek 2, where we see references to Pinocchio, Little Red
Riding Hood, Tinker Bell and many more.

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The
family guy and The Simsons

Manga comics

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In Japan, manga are typically released on a monthly or a weekly chapter-by-chapter

basis through manga magazines such as Weekly Shōnen Jump, (which has been in
circulation since 1968). If a series is popular enough, its chapters are then collected
and published into volumes called tankōbon volumes, which usually feature a few
chapters of the overall story.
Most manga series are long-running and can span multiple volumes. This is
something to keep in mind when starting a new series as it is imperative you read the
volumes in the correct order. This might be easier for small series, such as Naoko
Takeuchi's Sailor Moon, which only has about 12 volumes, versus longer-running
series such as Akira Toriyama's Dragon Ball, which has 42 volumes

Postmodernism in architecture

Here are some of the different versions of postmodernism in historic period, style,
and theoretical approach.

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Portland Building (1982), Michael Graves,

Postmodernism in architecture: It is characterized by the use of new materials and

technologies, as well as a rejection of the principles of modernism .

Postmodernism Style shattered established ideas about art and design, bringing a
new self-awareness about style itself. Using brighter and more experimental design,
you might be a fan of the postmodern style.

Postmodernism and critical theory commonly criticize universalist ideas of objective

reality, morality, truth, human nature, reason, language, and social progress.

Development of postmodernism

Post modernism is a incredidulity towards metanarratives is a definition by Jean-

Francois Lyotard.

People were increasing less and less accepting the so called meta narratives or grand
narratives.

Meta narratives (passing on believes t0 generations) eg. India is a democratic

country.

Postmodernism is about micro narratives is what Lyotard believed. Eg Police, drug,

racism

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1960s Skeeter(Writer). Aibileen protagonist.Minny,

Movie adaptation from novel.

Postmodern Narrative

Postmodernists attempt to replace metanarratives by focusing on specific local

contexts as well as on the diversity of human experience.

Mr Robot where the protagonist Elliot Alderson, takes you with him and the audience
travel with him throughout the journey.

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Each episode has reference to pop culture,novels and filmmaking, plots involve the
current political scenarios.

Elliot sees is real, e.g., we still don't know if the Men in Black are real.

The audience are left to question the reliability of the narrative. Such unrelasitic
narrative is also seen as a postmodern text. Questioning the audience about reality.

Post modernism follows a non-linear narrative.

Many countries still follow grand narratives.

Saudi Arabia is one such example. It's a conservative country that has a rigid mindset
about the rules. So, it has certain regulations that mandate the use of veils. Women
of Saudi Arabia wear a hijab, abaya, or a burka to protect themselves from the gaze
of evil

Fountain is a readymade sculpture by Marcel Duchamp in 1917, consisting of a

porcelain urinal signed "R. Mutt".

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ANYTHING CAN BE ART

Jean Baudrillard focused on world of art. Rejection of grand narratives and art
doesn’t need references from the past.

Unlike modernism her in post modernism anything could be art and this an example
of it.

Hyperreality

Simulacra and Simulation 1981 by Jean Baudrillard west pop culture has rejected the
meta-narratives of all types of art including media.

Difficult to identify media’s representation of reality. Calls this Hyperreality.

Disneyland with its settings such as Main Street and full sized houses has been
created to look "absolutely realistic", taking visitors' imagination to a "fantastic
past".

Examples of hyper reality

Disneyland, Warn bros, All of the amusement park.

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Criticism of postmodernism

In his book Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism is a 1991
book by Fredric Jameson, in which he argues about flaws in postmodern way
of thinking.

Jameson argues that postmodernism is characterized by a "crisis of

historicity," a "waning of affect," and prevalence of pastiche. He traces these
characteristics of postmodernism across a variety of fields and media,
including film, television, literature, economics, architecture, and philosophy.

Modernisation did not rely on business and corporations.

Postmodernisation is heavily characterized by pastiche and unreliable

narrative. Its simply commodities.

Style over substances.

Postmodern text is often criticised as style over substance or art for art sake.
Artfacts
synonoysmous with popular cultutre. Media producers can break the rules.

Meme: a cultural behaviour passed from person to person either throught

contact or thru internet.

Trope: a figure of speech a cliché- apopular or overused device or theme.

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 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
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