HTML -1
What is HTML?
•HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
•HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages
•HTML describes the structure of a Web page
•HTML consists of a series of elements
•HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content
•HTML elements label pieces of content such as "this is a heading", "this is a
paragraph", "this is a link", etc.
A Simple HTML Document •The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines that this
Example document is an HTML5 document
<!DOCTYPE html> •The <html> element is the root element of an
HTML page
<html> •The <head> element contains meta information
<head> about the HTML page
<title>Page Title</title> •The <title> element specifies a title for the
HTML page (which is shown in the browser's title
</head> bar or in the page's tab)
<body> •The <body> element defines the document's
<h1>My First Heading</h1> body, and is a container for all the visible
contents, such as headings, paragraphs, images,
<p>My first paragraph.</p> hyperlinks, tables, lists, etc.
</body> •The <h1> element defines a large heading
</html> •The <p> element defines a paragraph
HTML Elements
An HTML element is defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag:
<tagname>Content goes here...</tagname>
The HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>
Note: Some HTML elements have no content (like the <br> element). These elements are called empty
elements. Empty elements do not have an end tag!
Start tag Element content End tag
<h1> My First Heading </h1>
<p> My first paragraph. </p>
<br> none none
HTML Attributes
• All HTML elements can have attributes
• Attributes provide additional information about elements
• Attributes are always specified in the start tag
• Attributes usually come in name/value pairs like: name="value“
• The name is the property you want to set
• The value is what you want the value of the property to be set and always put within
quotations.
• Attribute names and attribute values are case-insensitive. However, the World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase attributes/attribute values in their HTML 4
recommendation
Core Attributes
The four core attributes that can be used on the majority of HTML elements
• Id
• Title
• Class
• Style
• Align
The align attribute – indicate the alignment of paragraph on the page
name – align value- left,center and right
<p align=“left”>text </p>
CORE ATTRIBUTES
The four core attributes that can be used on the
majority of HTML elements
• Id
• Title
• Class
• Style
1. The Id Attribute
The id attribute of an HTML tag can be used to uniquely identify any element within an HTML page.
There are two primary reasons that you might want to use an id attribute on an element −
• If an element carries an id attribute as a unique identifier, it is possible to identify just that element and its
content.
• if you have two elements of the same name within a Web page (or style sheet), you can use the id attribute to
distinguish between elements that have the same name
Example
<p id = "html">This para explains what is HTML</p>
<p id = "css">This para explains what is Cascading Style Sheet</p>
2. The title Attribute
The title attribute gives a suggested title for the element. They syntax for the title attribute is similar as
explained for id attribute −The behavior of this attribute will depend upon the element that carries it, although it is
often displayed as a tooltip when cursor comes over the element or while the element is loading.
<head>
<title>The title Attribute Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3 title = "Hello HTML!">Titled Heading Tag Example</h3>
</body>
3. The class Attribute
The class attribute is used to associate an element with a style sheet, and specifies the class of element.
The value of the attribute may also be a space-separated list of class names.
class = "className1 className2 className3"
<p class= “red">HTML</p>
<p class= “blue ">Cascading Style Sheet</p>
4. The style Attribute
The style attribute allows you to specify Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) rules within the element.
INTERNATIONALIZATION ATTRIBUTES
There are three internationalization attributes, which are available for most
(although not all) XHTML elements.
•dir
•lang
•xml:lang
1. The dir Attribute
The dir attribute allows you to indicate to the browser about the direction in which the text
should flow. The dir attribute can take one of two values, as you can see in the table that follows −
Value Meaning
ltr Left to right (the default value)
rtl Right to left (for languages such as Hebrew or Arabic that are read right to left)
When dir attribute is used within the <html> tag, it determines how text will be presented within the entire document.
When used within another tag, it controls the text's direction for just the content of that tag.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html dir = "rtl">
<head>
<title>Display Directions</title>
</head>
<body> This is right-to-left directed text. </body>
</html>
2. The lang Attribute
The lang attribute allows you to indicate the main language used in a document, but this attribute was
kept in HTML only for backwards compatibility with earlier versions of HTML. This attribute has been replaced
by the xml:lang attribute in new XHTML documents.The values of the lang attribute are ISO-639 standard two-
character language codes
3. The xml:lang Attribute
The xml:lang attribute is the XHTML replacement for the lang attribute. The value of the xml:lang attribute
should be an ISO-639 country code
