United States

Department of
Agriculture

Foreign
Agricultural
Service

July 2021

Dairy Production and Trade Developments

Global dairy prices are relatively strong due in large part to the unprecedented import demand
for dairy products by China. This year, in the period from January through May, China’s imports
of dairy products have grown by nearly 17 percent to reach $6.4 billion. There has been a surge
in China’s import demand for a broad range of dairy products, notably fluid milk, milk powders,
China SMP Imports and whey and whey
products. Perhaps most
70,000
surprising has been the
60,000 recent surge in imports
of skimmed milk powder
50,000
(SMP) which have
departed from the
Metric Tons

40,000
traditional pattern of
30,000
purchases. In the past,
20,000 inflows of SMP were
more pronounced in the
10,000 first quarter due to the
0
free trade agreements
(FTAs) with New Zealand
and Australia.
2019 2020 2021 5-year Av.
Thereafter, they
stabilized at around 20,000-30,000 tons per month for the balance of the year. This year, SMP
imports are on a new trajectory having steadily climbed since February and are now up 50
percent through May in comparison to last year. China’s imports of SMP are now forecast to
reach a record 480,000 tons.

Although U.S. dairy exporters have only captured a small portion of the China dairy import
market that is dominated by the EU-28 and Oceania, it remains a critical market. It is currently
ranked as the second-largest market on a volume basis for U.S. dairy exports after Mexico.
This year, the volume of U.S. dairy exports to China through May is already up nearly 75
percent year-over-year. Shipments of U.S. SMP through this period are up nearly fivefold. But
U.S. dairy exporters are also indirectly benefitting from China’s import demand as a result of
the higher global dairy prices. They have also been able to take the opportunity to ship greater
quantities of dairy products to relatively new markets such as Vietnam.

Approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board/USDA

 Milk Production Summary for Major Exporters
(Million Tons)
2020 Dec. 2021 Revised 2021 Forecast 2021
Forecast Forecast Change
Argentina 11.4 11.6 11.7 1%
Australia 9.1 9.4 9.2 -2%
EU-28 157.5 158.1 158.5 0%
New Zealand 22.0 22.2 22.4 1%
United States 101.2 102.6 103.5 1%
Major Exporter Total 301.2 303.9 305.3 0%
Note: Data is rounded.

Fluid Milk:

• The 2021 milk production forecast for Argentina is revised up 1 percent from the
December forecast to 11.7 million tons. Milk output is off to a strong start during the
first half of the year, with cumulative production January through May up 4 percent.
However, production is expected to moderate as dairy farmers face an uncertain
economic climate. The government has already imposed a number of price controls on
dairy products, some of these controls for such products as butter, infant formula,
grated cheese, etc., expired in June. The government’s objective is to control food price
inflation by focusing on ensuring there is an adequate supply of products to the
domestic market. The government has also threatened to introduce export controls. In
March 2020, Argentina implemented an export tax of 5 percent on fluid milk and 9
percent on powdered milk.

Consequently, farmers face relatively fixed prices for their products which coupled with
rising input costs, particularly for feed, are expected to tighten margins. This especially
have an adverse effect on the smaller dairy farmers. There is also the prospect of less
pastureland as farmers plant land to crops such wheat, corn, and soybeans. As a result,
milk production is expected to slow modestly in late 2021 but will nevertheless be up by
3 percent over 2020.

• The Australia milk production forecast is revised down 2 percent to 9.2 million tons due
to the unanticipated exit of dairy farmers switching to beef cattle production. Initially,
the number of cows was expected to grow by 1 percent, but with the revised forecast
the dairy herd is now expected to decline by 1 percent from 2020.

Currently, milk output for this year through May is up nearly 1 percent over the
comparable period in 2020 due to good pasture conditions, ample fodder and grain
supplies, and strong milk prices. Most of the key dairy regions have received average to
above-average rainfall so far this year and farm gate milk prices for the 2020/21 season

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 2 July 2021

Global Market Analysis
 are currently expected to surpass the average milk price of the past 5 years. While these
strong prices would normally be expected to boost output, expansion has been
constrained by the aforementioned shift to beef production, high dairy farm prices, and
labor shortages.

• The New Zealand milk production forecast for this year is revised up to 22.4 million tons
– an increase of 1 percent over the record setting level in 2020. Despite a forecast
decline in the milk herd, this is expected to be offset by a 3-percent rise in yield per cow.
Milk output for the year through May is up 6 percent year-over-year, but the key
production season is during the August to December period when approximately 60
percent of the annual milk supply is produced. Cows are currently in good condition and
have benefitted from plentiful supplies of feed. Further, the price outlook is bright as
Fonterra announced an initial milk pay-out mid-point price of a record NZ $8 (US $5.60)
per kg of milk solids for the 2021-22 season. This represents 6 percent increase over the
2020/21 pay-out.

For the July-September 2021 period, the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric
Research (NIWA) in New Zealand is forecasting normal to above-normal rainfall.
However, NIWA warns that New Zealand’s weather patterns are expected to vary
substantially week-to-week over the coming months since currently neither the El Niño
nor La Niña weather patterns are currently prevailing.

• Milk output in the European Union-28 was slow to start the year but improved into the
spring months. Through May, output is running marginally below 2020 (-0.3 percent).
Cold weather initially dampened milk deliveries in January and February, which were 1
and 4 percent below a year ago, respectively. Thereafter, conditions began to improve
with mid-spring rainfall supporting pasture growth in critical milk production months. In
May, the month with the largest milk production, deliveries were nearly 2 percent
stronger than in 2020.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 3 July 2021

Global Market Analysis
 Recent year-over-year growth in milk output is expected to continue as strong Chinese
demand supports dairy product prices, offering some cushion against higher feed prices.
European Union milk production is expected at 158.5 million tons, about 1 percent
higher than 2020. Better herd management, including high-quality genetics, is expected
to cause continued growth in output per cow, offsetting a smaller herd size.

CHEESE:
Cheese Exports Summary for Major Exporters
(1,000 Tons)

2020 Dec. 2021 Revised 2021 2021 Forecast

Forecast Forecast Change
Australia 153 170 170 0%
Belarus 274 290 300 3%
EU-28 943 950 1,000 5%
New Zealand 327 345 375 9%
United States 355 368 379 3%
Major Exporter Total 2,052 2,123 2,224 5%
Note: Data is rounded.

• Despite lower milk deliveries to start the year, European Union-28 cheese production
has nevertheless trended higher through April as milk was pulled away from the
butter/powder stream. Elevated retail demand and a recovering hotel, institutional,
restaurant (HRI) sector coupled with growing milk output is expected to support cheese
production during the remainder of the year. For 2021, the cheese production forecast
is revised up by 1 percent to 10.6 million tons which represents a 2.5 percent increase
above 2020.

In 2021, EU-28 cheese exports are expected to rise 6.0 percent over 2020 to 1.0 million
tons as the global economy recovers and demand remains firm. Through April,
shipments have been strong to Japan (+ 8 percent), Switzerland (+14 percent), Ukraine
(+28 percent), and Saudi Arabia (+16 percent). This has offset weaker shipments to
South Korea (-7 percent) and the United States (-4percent). Exports to the United States
were sharply lower to start 2021 in the face of 25 percent retaliatory tariffs related to
the World Trade Organization Airbus dispute. In March, the tariffs were suspended for 4
months and exports to the United States bounced back. Given the recent decision to
suspend tariffs for another 5 years, this recovery in exports is likely to continue.
Traditionally, U.S. imports dominate EU-28 cheese trade.

• The New Zealand cheese production forecast for 2021 is revised up by 9 percent to
375,000 tons as more manufacturing milk is expected to be available. Exports of New

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 4 July 2021

Global Market Analysis
 Zealand cheese have expanded rapidly this year with January through May shipments
up 19 percent year-over-year. This has been largely driven by the sharp increase in
import demand from China. Over this period, New Zealand cheese shipments to China
have grown by 87 percent to reach 44,000 tons by the end of May, accounting for about
one-quarter of total cheese exports. Given strong import demand, the New Zealand
cheese export forecast is revised up by 9 percent to reach a record 375,000 tons.

• The U.S. cheese export forecast is revised up 3 percent to 379,000 tons due to the
current strong pace of exports to major markets as South Korea and Japan. Shipments
of cheese in 2021 through May are up 6 percent year-over-year. Although exports to the
major market of Mexico have been stagnant with shipments this year through May
showing no growth, the Mexican economy is expected to recover in the second half of
the year. Further, the lockdown restrictions due to COVID-19 are expected to be relaxed
leading to higher demand from the HRI sector.

• The cheese import forecast for China is raised by 38 percent to a record 180,000 tons as
the domestic market continues to expand at an unprecedented rate. Imports of cheese
this year through May are up by two-thirds compared to the same period last year.
Since 2012 through 2020, annual import demand has grown at an average annual rate
of 16 percent. China is now expected to be the largest import market for cheese in the
world surpassing the United States. The bulk of the market is supplied by New Zealand
and the EU-28 accounting for 56 percent and 21 percent of the import market,
respectively.

China Cheese Imports

200
180
160
140
120
1,000 MT

100
80
60
40
20
0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
(For.)

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 5 July 2021

Global Market Analysis
 BUTTER (Includes Butteroil/AMF):

Butter Exports Summary for Major Exporters

(1,000 Butter Equivalent Tons)
2020 Dec. 2021 Revised 2021 2021 Forecast
Forecast Forecast Change
Belarus 69 65 75 15%
EU-28 247 260 200 -23%
New Zealand 471 495 435 -12%
United States 27 26 53 104%
Major Exporter Total 814 846 763 -10%
Note: Data is rounded.

• European Union-28 butter production is expected to decline 0.8 percent year-over-year

to 2.4 million tons, improving from the 1.9 percent decline posted January through
April. Higher milk output as the year goes on will allow the declines in butter production
to moderate, with high prices and low private stocks drawing milk to this product
stream. Nevertheless, tighter supplies and growth in domestic consumption will keep
butter from entering the international market. In 2021, butter exports are expected to
decline 19.0 percent to 200,000 tons.

• In the United States, butter prices have been averaging around $3,750 per ton ($1.70
per lb.) which is well below the level of international prices. These prices have typically
been above $4,400 per ton ($2.00 per lb.). Consequently, given this competitive edge,
exports are expected to expand significantly. Already this year through May, shipments
of U.S. butter have nearly tripled in comparison to the same period in 2020. This price
advantage is expected to
persist for the balance of
the year and the export
forecast is doubled from
the December 2020
forecast to 53,000 tons
from the December
2020 report. To date,
most of the butter has
been shipped to such
traditional customers as
Canada but also newer
markets in Bahrain,
Saudi Arabia, and Egypt.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 6 July 2021

Global Market Analysis
 SKIMMED MILK POWDER (SMP):

SMP Exports Summary for Major Exporters

(1,000 Tons)

2020 Dec. 2021 Revised 2021 2021 Forecast

Forecast Forecast Change
Australia 129 128 150 17%
Belarus 123 125 125 0%
EU-28 829 845 810 -4%
New Zealand 356 390 400 3%
United States 810 825 890 8%
Major Exporter Total 2,247 2,313 2,375 3%
Note Data is rounded.

• European Union-28 SMP export forecast for 2021 is decreased by 4 percent to 810,000
tons; a decline 2 percent from 2020 to 810,000 tons on lower production. Through April,
weaker year-over-year shipments to Algeria (-42 percent), Egypt (-19 percent), and
Malaysia (-25 percent) have more than offset continued growth in shipments to China
(+19 percent) and Indonesia (+84percent). Going forward, competitive U.S. SMP prices
are likely to create headwinds to EU-28 exports.

• Reflecting the increased availability of milk, U.S. output of SMP has been greater than
previously anticipated and the production forecast has been revised up significantly by
10 percent to 1.27 million tons. U.S. SMP prices have been particularly competitive in
the international
marketplace during the past
year and shipments to
Mexico and Asian markets
have been gaining traction.
Mexico, Philippines, and
Vietnam have been the
principal destination.
During this year through
May, shipments of SMP to
Mexico are up 24 percent
year-over-year reaching
134,000 tons. Since Mexico
is forecast to import
350,000 tons of SMP – 13 percent higher than 2020 – U.S. shipments of SMP are
expected to continue to accelerate. In addition, exports to the expanding import market
of China have begun to grow rapidly. Although most U.S. dairy products are subject to
Section 301 retaliatory tariffs of around 25 percent, China has allowed tariff exclusions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 7 July 2021

Global Market Analysis
 process which, if approved, provides the importer a one-year exemption from the
tariffs. Given the bright outlook, the U.S. export forecast for SMP is raised by 8 percent
to a record 890,000 tons. This would represent about 70 percent of the SMP of 2021
forecast production.

WHOLE MILK POWDER (WMP):

WMP Exports Summary for Major Exporters

(1,000 Tons)

2020 Dec. 2021 Revised 2021 2021 Forecast

Forecast Forecast Change
Argentina 148 160 160 6%
Australia 37 50 60 20%
EU-28 332 340 330 -3%
New Zealand 1,533 1,535 1,650 7%
Major Exporter Total 2,050 2,085 2,200 6%
Note: Data is rounded.

• China is rebounding after the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and economic
growth (real GDP) growth is forecast at about 8 percent for this year. This has led to a
surge in imports of WMP with to-date imports through May up 23 percent compared to
the same period last year. Given this strength and the continued expectation of
economic growth the import forecast is revised up 15 percent to 825,000 tons. Most of
the WMP supply will originate from New Zealand which has a free trade agreement with
China. This allows for all New Zealand dairy products to enter China duty-free.

• New Zealand shipments of WMP have been booming with exports averaging about
145,000 tons per month this year through May. This is 10 percent higher compared to
the same period last year. Given the strong import demand from China and higher
expected milk production, the export forecast is revised up to 1.65 million tons. In 2020,
approximately 43 percent of WMP shipments were destined to China. This year through
May, a similar percentage is also flowing to China.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 8 July 2021

Global Market Analysis
 U.S. Dairy Export Forecasts:

U.S. Dairy Products Export Forecast - Calendar Year 2021-2022

Milk Equivalent (Bil. Lbs.) Milk Equivalent (Bil. Lbs)
2021(For) Fat Skims 2022 (For) Fat Skims

NON-FAT DRY AND SKIM MILK PWDR 890,985 MT 0.4 20.9 910,000 MT 0.4 21.3

MILK POWDER > 1.5% MILK FAT 42,770 MT 0.6 0.7 42,500 MT 0.6 0.7

BUTTER/MILKFAT/SPREADS 51,186 MT 2.4 0.0 34,350 MT 1.6 0.0

CHEESE AND CURD 379,087 MT 5.7 3.1 383,350 MT 5.8 3.1

FLUID PRODUCTS 4/ 182,304 Liters 0.5 0.4 176,200 Liters 0.5 0.4

DRIED WHEY PRODUCTS 606,679 MT 0.7 14.1 605,000 MT 0.7 13.9

LACTOSE 394,379 MT 0.0 9.7 388,000 MT 0.0 9.5

OTHER DAIRY PRODUCTS 213,347 MT 0.7 2.4 205,850 MT 0.6 2.4

TOTAL - Billion Pounds 11.0 51.3 10.3 51.3

Note: 1) CY 2021 includes actual exports through May 2021
2) Milk Equivalent figures are rounded and totals may not add up.
3) Forecasts assume current policy
4/ Includes milk based drinks, fluid whey, cream and fluid milk

Exports on a Milk Equivalent Basis Through May 2021

Top Dest. -M.E. Milkfat Basis (Mill. lbs) 2021 Top Dest.-M.E. Skim Basis (Mill. lbs) 2021
MEXICO 883 19% MEXICO 4,407 20%

SOUTH KOREA 534 11% CHINA (MAINLAND) 4,377 20%

CANADA 500 11% PHILIPPINES 1,572 7%

CHINA (MAINLAND) 291 6% VIETNAM 1,560 7%

JAPAN 284 6% INDONESIA 1,296 6%

AUSTRALIA 222 5% JAPAN 856 4%

Other 1,992 42% Other 7,867 36%

TOTAL 4,706 TOTAL 21,934

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 9 July 2021

Global Market Analysis
 Additional Resources:

For additional information, please contact Paul Kiendl at 202-720-8870 or

Paul.Kiendl@usda.gov or Jacob Vuillemin at 202-690-4476 or Jacob.Vuillemin@usda.gov

Subscription services for FAS circulars can be obtained at:

https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDAFAS/subscriber/new

Individual FAS country reports covering dairy are available at: https://gain.fas.usda.gov/#/

The USDA Production, Supply and Demand database is available at:

https://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/app/index.html#/app/home

A monthly “Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Outlook” for the United States published by the
Economic Research Service is available at: https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/

U.S. trade data is available on the Global Agricultural Trade System (GATS):
https://apps.fas.usda.gov/gats/default.aspx

The next publication of this circular will be on December 16, 2021.

Circular Notes:

EU and UK Production, Supply and Distribution (PSD) Datasets and “Brexit” Effective
January 1, 2021, the separation of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union
(EU) is complete, including trade between both entities. USDA will continue using the
term “European Union” to mean the countries involved in the previous customs union,
i.e., EU27+UK, from January 2021 through October 2021 for livestock and poultry PSDs
and through December 2021 for dairy PSDs. Starting in October 2021 with the release of
the 2022 data, livestock and poultry PSDs will reflect EU27 and UK separately. Starting in
December 2021 with the release of the 2022 data, dairy PSDs will reflect EU27 and UK
separately.

• Fluid milk in liters is converted to kilograms using a 1.03 conversion factor.

• U.S. cheese imports only include cow’s milk cheeses.

• For the United States, SMP includes nonfat dry milk for human and animal use and
skimmed milk powder.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 10 July 2021

Global Market Analysis
 • The Butter PS&D’s include butter, anhydrous milk fat (AMF), and butteroil. The
AMF and butteroil are converted to a butter-equivalent basis by multiplying by 1.25.

• Production data for fluid milk, cheese, butter, SMP, and WMP for China is based on
data published by the National Bureau of Statistics and the Organization for
Economic Development.

• The milk production figures for Russia have been revised for the years 2007-2017 to
reflect new data published by the Federal State Statistic Service (Rosstat) of Russia.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 11 July 2021

Global Market Analysis
 Fluid Milk - Cow Numbers: Summary For Selected Countries
1,000 Head
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2021
Dec Jul

none
Cows In Milk
India 54,000 52,482 54,600 56,450 58,000 58,000
European Union 23,525 23,311 22,908 22,633 22,550 22,400
Brazil 16,262 16,300 16,500 16,200 16,400 16,400
Mexico 6,550 6,550 6,500 6,550 6,600 6,600
Russia 7,080 6,815 6,711 6,580 6,500 6,500
China 7,000 6,200 6,100 6,150 6,200 6,200
New Zealand 4,861 4,993 4,946 4,922 4,800 4,850
Ukraine 2,170 2,078 1,970 1,840 1,750 1,750
Argentina 1,672 1,640 1,598 1,610 1,615 1,615
Belarus 1,502 1,500 1,498 1,495 1,490 1,490
Australia 1,512 1,525 1,440 1,420 1,445 1,410
Canada 945 970 968 967 967 967
Japan 735 731 730 716 730 730
Korea, South 198 205 204 203 204 204
Taiwan 61 62 62 63 63 63
Philippines 12 11 11 12 12 12
Subtotal 128,085 125,373 126,746 127,811 129,326 129,191
United States 9,406 9,398 9,337 9,388 9,395 9,500
Total 137,491 134,771 136,083 137,199 138,721 138,691

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 12 July 2021

Global Market Analysis
 Cows Milk Production and Consumption: Summary For Selected Countries
1,000 Metric Tons
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2021
Dec Jul

none
Cows Milk Production
European Union 153,400 154,575 155,200 157,500 158,100 158,500
India 83,634 89,800 92,000 93,800 96,000 96,000
China 30,386 30,750 32,012 34,400 34,500 34,600
Russia 29,972 30,398 31,154 31,650 31,800 31,800
Brazil 23,624 23,745 24,262 23,505 24,000 24,000
New Zealand 21,530 22,017 21,896 21,980 22,200 22,400
Mexico 12,121 12,368 12,650 12,750 12,900 12,850
Argentina 10,090 10,837 10,640 11,445 11,575 11,700
Canada 9,675 9,944 9,903 9,950 9,980 9,980
Australia 9,462 9,451 8,832 9,099 9,400 9,225
Ukraine 10,275 10,070 9,646 9,000 8,600 8,500
Belarus 7,321 7,345 7,394 7,750 7,900 7,900
Japan 7,281 7,289 7,314 7,438 7,450 7,480
Korea, South 2,081 2,041 2,035 2,030 2,025 2,025
Taiwan 380 385 410 437 436 436
Philippines 15 16 17 18 19 19
Subtotal 411,247 421,031 425,365 432,752 436,885 437,415
United States 97,761 98,687 99,083 101,251 102,648 103,510
Total 509,008 519,718 524,448 534,003 539,533 540,925
none
Fluid Use Dom. Consum.
India 72,185 77,000 79,000 81,000 83,000 83,000
European Union 33,550 33,500 33,300 33,500 33,350 33,500
China 12,810 12,700 13,200 13,000 13,000 14,020
Brazil 9,993 10,762 10,900 11,010 11,100 11,100
Russia 7,500 7,318 7,270 7,200 7,115 7,115
Ukraine 4,998 4,862 4,967 4,550 4,409 4,409
Mexico 4,174 4,183 4,190 4,145 4,175 4,149
Japan 3,974 3,995 4,000 4,000 4,005 4,005
Canada 2,884 2,832 2,816 2,875 2,910 2,910
Australia 2,530 2,620 2,536 2,528 2,550 2,545
Argentina 1,681 1,771 1,645 1,800 1,825 1,825
Korea, South 1,561 1,566 1,575 1,580 1,585 1,585
Belarus 1,065 1,050 1,055 1,075 1,085 1,085
New Zealand 497 515 520 525 525 525
Taiwan 408 420 446 476 482 482
Philippines 86 96 117 117 104 128
Subtotal 159,896 165,190 167,537 169,381 171,220 172,383
United States 22,067 21,623 21,250 21,200 21,000 21,000
Total 181,963 186,813 188,787 190,581 192,220 193,383

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 13 July 2021

Global Market Analysis
 Cheese Production and Consumption: Summary For Selected Countries
1,000 Metric Tons
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2021
Dec Jul

none
Production
European Union 10,050 10,160 10,210 10,340 10,450 10,600
Russia 951 970 983 1,035 1,060 1,060
Brazil 771 760 770 750 760 760
Argentina 514 444 523 488 537 537
Canada 497 510 515 510 515 515
Mexico 396 419 437 446 460 448
Australia 348 366 364 373 395 385
New Zealand 386 370 365 350 365 380
Belarus 260 275 300 346 360 365
China 249 276 282 283 300 300
Others 273 276 273 270 268 258
Total Foreign 14,695 14,826 15,022 15,191 15,470 15,608
United States 5,733 5,914 5,959 6,012 6,218 6,180
Total 20,428 20,740 20,981 21,203 21,688 21,788
none
Total Dom. Consumption
European Union 9,297 9,386 9,394 9,460 9,560 9,670
Russia 1,141 1,200 1,231 1,319 1,340 1,366
Brazil 799 785 795 777 796 790
Mexico 511 526 551 549 575 555
Canada 504 537 539 540 550 550
China 357 384 397 412 430 480
Argentina 485 380 461 420 473 460
Japan 324 329 346 336 346 340
Australia 291 293 297 305 315 310
Ukraine 188 198 205 220 220 218
Others 343 337 350 371 378 390
Total Foreign 14,240 14,355 14,566 14,709 14,983 15,129
United States 5,494 5,675 5,751 5,750 5,950 5,934
Total 19,734 20,030 20,317 20,459 20,933 21,063

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 14 July 2021

Global Market Analysis
 Cheese Trade: Summary For Selected Countries
1,000 Metric Tons
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2021
Dec Jul

none
Total Exports
European Union 828 833 879 943 950 1,000
New Zealand 343 322 335 327 345 375
Belarus 189 211 244 274 290 300
Australia 171 172 160 153 170 170
Argentina 44 61 61 70 60 75
Russia 25 24 26 30 30 39
Mexico 7 16 7 11 10 18
Others 27 23 23 24 20 25
Total Foreign 1,634 1,662 1,735 1,832 1,875 2,002
United States 340 348 357 355 368 379
Total 1,974 2,010 2,092 2,187 2,243 2,381
none
Total Imports
Russia 226 250 273 311 300 350
Japan 273 286 303 292 300 295
China 108 108 115 129 130 180
Korea, South 125 124 131 148 132 155
Mexico 122 123 121 114 125 125
Australia 116 98 97 98 90 95
European Union 60 59 63 63 60 70
Others 161 167 180 213 238 245
Total Foreign 1,191 1,215 1,283 1,368 1,375 1,515
United States 138 138 139 126 126 126
Total 1,329 1,353 1,422 1,494 1,501 1,641

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 15 July 2021

Global Market Analysis
 Butter Production and Consumption: Summary For Selected Countries
1,000 Metric Tons
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2021
Dec Jul

none
Production
India 5,400 5,600 5,850 6,100 6,300 6,300
European Union 2,340 2,345 2,375 2,410 2,450 2,390
New Zealand 525 550 525 500 520 490
Russia 270 256 268 278 280 280
Mexico 223 228 231 233 237 235
Canada 109 116 112 120 122 122
Belarus 120 115 110 110 105 115
China 99 108 110 110 111 111
Australia 103 93 70 75 80 83
Brazil 83 85 85 80 81 81
Others 199 199 184 191 180 189
Total Foreign 9,471 9,695 9,920 10,207 10,466 10,396
United States 838 893 905 973 992 970
Total 10,309 10,588 10,825 11,180 11,458 11,366
none
Domestic Consumption
India 5,387 5,577 5,803 6,081 6,276 6,287
European Union 2,207 2,207 2,174 2,167 2,195 2,202
Russia 357 346 384 396 400 400
Mexico 264 250 277 266 287 261
China 195 226 198 231 249 259
Canada 121 124 141 139 142 147
Australia 115 117 104 105 110 105
Brazil 88 91 89 83 83 86
Japan 72 78 83 77 81 82
Ukraine 82 76 80 76 83 73
Others 127 110 115 112 112 118
Total Foreign 9,015 9,202 9,448 9,733 10,018 10,020
United States 849 898 940 978 1,038 995
Total 9,864 10,100 10,388 10,711 11,056 11,015

Note: Butter includes butter, butteroil and anhydrous milk fat on a butter equivalent basis.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 16 July 2021

Global Market Analysis
 Butter Trade: Summary For Selected Countries
1,000 Metric Tons
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2021
Dec Jul

none
Total Imports
China 98 120 91 123 140 150
Russia 99 88 117 131 118 118
Australia 35 42 40 43 40 40
Mexico 49 33 59 42 60 35
Canada 22 22 25 24 27 30
Taiwan 24 23 24 22 24 25
Japan 8 16 25 18 17 18
European Union 16 22 16 4 5 12
Ukraine 1 1 4 10 13 8
Brazil 5 6 5 3 2 5
Others 4 2 1 2 2 3
Total Foreign 361 375 407 422 448 444
United States 41 59 66 70 73 73
Total 402 434 473 492 521 517
none
Total Exports
New Zealand 476 501 509 471 495 435
European Union 174 160 217 247 260 200
Belarus 73 78 67 69 65 75
Australia 16 17 18 16 17 25
Argentina 4 11 15 21 18 24
India 15 33 47 20 25 15
Ukraine 28 29 16 9 7 11
Mexico 8 11 13 9 10 9
Russia 3 3 2 3 4 3
Canada 1 2 2 5 2 2
Others 2 2 4 2 2 2
Total Foreign 800 847 910 872 905 801
United States 29 49 26 27 26 53
Total 829 896 936 899 931 854

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 17 July 2021

Global Market Analysis
 Nonfat Dry Milk Production and Consumption: Summary For Selected Countries
1,000 Metric Tons
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2021
Dec Jul

none
Production
European Union 1,725 1,735 1,760 1,820 1,830 1,760
India 570 600 635 660 680 680
New Zealand 402 410 375 370 385 390
Australia 187 201 150 155 155 165
Brazil 158 155 158 149 155 155
Japan 121 120 125 145 135 135
Belarus 110 122 126 126 126 129
Others 382 350 344 351 338 355
Total Foreign 3,655 3,693 3,673 3,776 3,804 3,769
United States 1,078 1,067 1,107 1,227 1,156 1,270
Total 4,733 4,760 4,780 5,003 4,960 5,039
none
Total Dom. Consumption
European Union 985 1,127 979 993 988 954
India 576 572 601 636 675 680
China 276 299 358 355 386 501
Mexico 351 347 340 318 329 350
Indonesia 146 161 187 196 194 209
Philippines 147 159 177 204 205 206
Brazil 189 184 183 175 185 180
Others 763 742 709 698 717 675
Total Foreign 3,433 3,591 3,534 3,575 3,679 3,755
United States 430 369 422 402 349 378
Total 3,863 3,960 3,956 3,977 4,028 4,133

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 18 July 2021

Global Market Analysis
 Nonfat Dry Milk Trade: Summary For Selected Countries
1,000 Metric Tons
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2021
Dec Jul

none
Total Imports
China 247 280 344 336 365 480
Mexico 331 360 361 309 330 350
Indonesia 147 162 188 197 195 210
Philippines 157 159 177 179 190 185
Algeria 162 167 126 148 160 140
Russia 126 95 88 60 60 50
Taiwan 24 23 23 24 26 28
Brazil 31 29 25 26 30 25
Japan 59 52 47 39 35 23
Korea, South 23 25 24 17 25 16
Others 32 37 43 46 41 46
Total Foreign 1,339 1,389 1,446 1,381 1,457 1,553
United States 1 1 1 1 1 1
Total 1,340 1,390 1,447 1,382 1,458 1,554
none
Total Exports
European Union 780 816 962 829 845 810
New Zealand 401 358 373 356 390 400
Australia 157 155 128 129 128 150
Belarus 109 121 124 123 125 125
Mexico 29 56 65 36 45 45
Argentina 20 23 22 28 25 35
Canada 72 66 47 39 30 25
Ukraine 29 23 20 16 12 20
India 10 43 8 5 20 15
Russia 2 1 1 2 3 5
Others 3 3 2 3 3 3
Total Foreign 1,612 1,665 1,752 1,566 1,626 1,633
United States 606 712 701 810 825 890
Total 2,218 2,377 2,453 2,376 2,451 2,523

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 19 July 2021

Global Market Analysis
 Whole Milk Powder Production And Consumption: Summary For Selected Countries
1,000 Metric Tons
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2021
Dec Jul

none
Production
New Zealand 1,380 1,450 1,490 1,549 1,535 1,625
China 1,080 965 1,052 992 1,200 950
European Union 760 732 740 750 770 760
Brazil 596 585 596 570 580 580
Argentina 170 192 188 213 250 250
Mexico 139 119 120 122 125 123
Indonesia 76 81 82 87 91 91
Chile 58 62 70 77 78 78
Russia 63 56 65 65 65 65
Belarus 50 50 45 49 52 60
Others 111 98 77 58 65 65
Total Foreign 4,483 4,390 4,525 4,532 4,811 4,647
United States 56 65 64 63 73 65
Total 4,539 4,455 4,589 4,595 4,884 4,712
none
Total Dom. Consumption
China 1,598 1,534 1,722 1,585 1,939 1,824
Brazil 664 652 657 650 669 632
European Union 369 400 447 419 431 432
Algeria 235 245 250 248 270 260
Indonesia 128 142 135 136 140 155
Mexico 110 103 106 105 106 114
Russia 91 100 110 104 100 96
Chile 65 66 71 79 77 85
Argentina 75 75 84 80 98 83
Australia 32 35 33 40 40 40
Others 148 137 145 113 115 100
Total Foreign 3,515 3,489 3,760 3,559 3,985 3,821
United States 52 53 51 44 45 39
Total 3,567 3,542 3,811 3,603 4,030 3,860

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 20 July 2021

Global Market Analysis
 Whole Milk Powder Trade: Summary For Selected Countries
1,000 Metric Tons
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2021
Dec Jul

none
Total Imports
China 470 521 671 644 715 825
Algeria 262 271 236 254 255 245
Indonesia 47 59 54 51 50 70
Brazil 73 68 61 81 90 60
Taiwan 32 34 32 36 35 35
Russia 49 27 46 31 36 32
Australia 28 28 37 43 40 30
Philippines 19 23 32 29 32 20
Chile 12 8 3 9 4 10
Mexico 4 7 3 3 6 7
Others 24 15 21 3 4 4
Total Foreign 1,020 1,061 1,196 1,184 1,267 1,338
United States 22 9 14 23 12 14
Total 1,042 1,070 1,210 1,207 1,279 1,352
none
Total Exports
New Zealand 1,342 1,369 1,536 1,533 1,535 1,650
European Union 393 334 298 332 340 330
Argentina 71 135 97 148 160 160
Australia 55 55 42 37 50 60
Belarus 29 33 23 27 30 40
Mexico 33 23 17 20 25 16
Brazil 5 1 0 1 1 8
Ukraine 4 4 9 4 4 7
China 2 2 1 1 1 1
Chile 4 4 4 2 3 1
Others 1 0 1 3 2 2
Total Foreign 1,939 1,960 2,028 2,108 2,151 2,275
United States 18 28 29 39 41 40
Total 1,957 1,988 2,057 2,147 2,192 2,315

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 21 July 2021

Global Market Analysis