Research approach

Explain the research approaches:

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
The qualitative methodology, as its name suggests, has as
the objective is to describe the qualities of a phenomenon. Look for a concept that
can encompass a part of reality. It is not about proving or measuring in what
a certain quality is found in a certain given event, but rather of
discover as many qualities as possible.
In qualitative research, one must speak of in-depth understanding in
place of accuracy: it is about obtaining the deepest possible understanding.
Among the main characteristics of this methodology we can
mention:
· Qualitative research is inductive.
· It has a holistic perspective, that is, it considers the phenomenon
as a whole.
· These are small-scale studies that are only represented as such.
same
· It emphasizes the validity of the research through the
proximity to the empirical reality that this methodology provides.
· It does not usually test theories or hypotheses. It is primarily a method of
generate theories and hypotheses.
· There are no procedural rules. The data collection method is not
specify beforehand. The variables remain undefined
operatively, nor are they usually susceptible to measurement.
· The basis is intuition. Research is of a flexible nature,
evolutionary and recursive.
· In general, it does not allow for a statistical analysis.
· Findings that were not anticipated can be incorporated.
· Qualitative researchers participate in research through
the interaction with the subjects they study is the measuring instrument.
· They analyze and understand subjects and phenomena from the perspective
of the last two; he must eliminate or set aside his prejudices and beliefs
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUALITATIVE METHODOLOGY
The characteristics of the qualitative methodology that we can point out as a way of
Synopsis are
A primary characteristic of these methods is manifested in their strategy.
to try to understand the facts, processes, structures, and people in their
totality, and not through the measurement of some of its elements. The
the same strategy indicates the use of procedures that provide a
unique character to the observations.
The second characteristic is the use of procedures that make less
comparable observations over time and in different circumstances
cultural, that is to say, this method seeks less generalization and approaches
more to phenomenology and symbolic interactionism.
3. A third important strategic characteristic for this job is
refers to the role of the researcher in their -intensive- interaction with people
involved in the research process, to understand them.
The researcher develops or affirms the guidelines and central problems of his
I work during the same process of the research. For this reason, the
concepts used in qualitative research in most
the cases are not operationalized from the beginning of the
research, that is to say, the indicators are not defined from the outset
that will be taken into account during the research process. This
characteristic refers to another very heated epistemological debate about the
matter of objectivity in social research.

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
It arises in the 18th and 19th centuries, during the process of consolidating Capitalism and
within the bosom of Western Bourgeois Society. With the aim of analyzing the
social conflicts and the economic fact as a complex Universe. Inspired by
the Natural Sciences and these in Newtonian physics starting from the
knowledge of Galileo. With Claude Saint Simon and Auguste Comte arises the
Sociology as Science.
Its rationality is based on Scientism and Rationalism, as
Institutionalist Epistemological Stances. Deep attachment to traditionalism of
the Science and use of value neutrality as a criterion of objectivity, by
what knowledge is based on facts, paying little attention
to the subjectivity of individuals.
Its representation of reality is partial and atomized. The expert becomes
a true authority.
Hurtado and Toro (1998). "They say that quantitative research has a
linear conception, that is to say that there is clarity among the elements that make up
the problem, to have definition, to limit them and to know exactly where it starts
the problem, it is also important for you to know what type of incident exists among
its elements.

QUANTITATIVE METHODOLOGY
Quantitative methodology is the one that allows examining data in a way
numerical, especially in the field of Statistics.
In order for Quantitative Methodology to exist, it is necessary that among the elements of
the research problem is that there is a relationship whose nature is linear. That is,
that there is clarity among the elements of the research problem that
they constitute the problem, to be able to define it, to limit it and to know exactly
Where does the problem start, in which direction does it go, and what type of incident exists?
among its elements.
The elements constituting a linear research problem are
they are called: variables, relationship between variables and unit of observation.

Edelmira G. La Rosa (1995) says that for Quantitative Methodology to exist

there must be clarity between the research elements from where it starts
up to where it ends, the approach to the data is static, meaning is assigned to it
numeric.
The approach to quantitative data is statistical, it makes demonstrations with
the separate aspects of its whole, to which numerical significance is assigned and
make inferences
· Objectivity is the only way to attain knowledge, so
use exhaustive and controlled measurement, trying to seek certainty
of the same.
· The object of study is the singular empirical element. It holds that when
there is an independence relationship between the subject and the object, since the
the researcher has an outside perspective.
· The theory is the fundamental element of social research, it provides
its origin, its framework and its end.
· Explanatory and predictive understanding of reality, under a
objective, unitary, static and reductionist conception.
· Linear conception of research through a strategy
deductive.
· It is of the Hypothetical-Deductive method.
QUANTITATIVE LIMITATIONS
The limitations are located at the level of various distortion risks, the least of which is
which is certainly not the deforming conversion of the qualitative into quantities
artificially calculated on previously transformed ad hoc data

González, Casanova (1975) mentions that the perspective and the quantitative emphasis
are related to many other characteristics of the researcher. In terms of
In general, it can be said that quantitative analysis is typical mainly in the
social sciences that work with populations, is linked to Empiricism and to the
Ideology of the process of Social Sciences.

Researcher Sorokin has indicated the limitations of quantitative research:

· The disguised subjectivity Quantitatively.
· The Quantitative conjugation of groupings to study the systems
Social
· Take a part of the system as an independent variable (cause) and everything
the quantitative data what can be observed in the
traditional investigations.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

The objective of any science is to acquire knowledge and the choice of method.
appropriate that allows us to know reality is therefore fundamental.
The problem arises when accepting erroneous knowledge as true or vice versa.
Inductive and deductive methods have different objectives and could be
summarized as the development of theory and analysis of theory respectively.
Inductive methods are generally associated with research.
qualitative while the deductive method is often associated with the
quantitative research.
· Quantitative research is one in which data is collected and analyzed.
quantitative data on variables.
· Qualitative research avoids quantification. Researchers
Qualitative researchers make narrative records of the phenomena that are
studied using techniques such as participant observation and the
unstructured interviews.
· The fundamental difference between both methodologies is that the
Quantitative studies the association or relationship between quantified variables.
and the qualitative does it in structural and situational contexts.
 · Qualitative research aims to identify the profound nature of
the realities, their system of relationships, their dynamic structure;
while quantitative research seeks to determine the strength of
association or correlation between variables, generalization and objectification
from the results through a sample to make inference to a
population from which all samples are derived. After the study of the
association or correlation aims, in turn, to make causal inference that
explain why things happen or do not happen in a certain way.

The use of both quantitative and qualitative procedures in a

research could probably help correct the biases inherent in each
method, but the fact that quantitative methodology is the most used does not
it is the product of chance but of the evolution of the scientific method over the
years. We believe in this sense that quantification increases and facilitates the
compression of the universe that surrounds us and long before the positivists
Logical or neopositivist Galileo Galilei claimed in this sense 'measure whatever it is'
measurable and make measurable what is not.

Differences between qualitative and quantitative research

Qualitative research Quantitative research

Focused on thephenomenologyand Based on theinductionprobabilistic of

understandingpositivismlogical

Naturalist observation without control Deep and controlled measurement

Subjective Objective

Inferences from your data Inferences beyond the data

Exploratory, inductive Confirmatory, inferential, deductive

descriptive

Process-oriented Result-oriented

rich and deep data solid and repeatable data

Not generalizable Generalizable

Holista Particularist

Dynamic reality Static reality

Advantages and disadvantages of qualitative vs quantitative methods.

Qualitative methods Quantitative methods

Tendency to 'communicate with' the tendency to 'make use of' the subjects of
subjects of the study study

It is limited to asking It is limited to responding

More horizontal communication... between the

researcher and the researched... greater
naturalness and ability to study the
social factors in a scenario
natural

They are strong in terms of validity.

internal, but they are weak in internal validity -almost never do we know if they measure what
external, what they find is not that they want to measure-, but they are strong in
generalizable to the population external validity, what they find is
generalizable to the population

They ask the quantitative researchers: How? They ask the qualitative researchers: Are they?
Are the findings particularizable? Can you generalize your findings?

One of the criticisms often made of quantitative approaches is that

the perspective of qualitative methods is their propensity to use, rather than
communicate with the subjects of the study.