SWOT COMPARATIVE TABLE

NORMS THAT GOVERN THE NORMS THAT GOVERN THE

WATER QUALITY WATER QUALITY
FOR CONSUMPTION FOR CONSUMPTION
HUMANO (VENEZUELA) HUMAN
(ORGANIZATION
WORLD HEALTH

It has a Control urgently

highly qualified personnel pollution and
qualified and prepared preserve the quality of
in all its areas. water around the world.
It has a wide They provide a foundation
and modern framework authorized for the
legal from which effective consideration
important derivations of public health
guidelines for your in the establishment of
integral management.
policies and actions
national or regional
of water
drinkable.

Implement a framework They emphasize the practices

legal and institutional viable and the formulation
that specifies the roles of solid standards.
of the authorities They offer a framework
competent in the management integral
Sector. risk prevention
When implementing the to protect health
Decree 1400, if from the basin to the
will promote the consumer.
generation of summarize the
information about the consequences for the
health related to
supply and demand of
the pollutants in the
water resource.
drinking water and paper
Establish of the evaluation of
mechanisms of risk and management of
incentives for risk in the
promote the need prevention and control
to plan and of diseases.
control the management.
There is information about
Quality of service dangers that indicate that
Unbalance the standards
financial of the nationals are
Companies inadequate for
Hydrological protect health
Network cadastres and public.
clients High demand in
outdated diseases to
consequences of water
 Insufficiency of the like malaria or the
systems. diarrhea.
Scarce application of Risks in the systems
said laws. of water.

Lack of a system of Threats

reliable information. microbiological that
The pilot programs they remain the
of ANC they are main concern
designed to prevent both in countries
water losses, but developed as in
they have not been designed development pathways.
parallel programs Climate change,
in order to produce consequences
make rational use of in the quality and in the
consumption. water scarcity.
The process of Chemical products
planning of the key responsible for
The sector is carried out without effects on health in
consider the large scale by the
sanitary needs exposure to water
of the population and potable.
economic development
and social of the country.

STANDARDS GOVERNING WATER QUALITY FOR CONSUMPTION

HUMANO (VENEZUELA)
The following are some regulations governing water quality in Venezuela:

Venezuelan Standard COVENIN 2634:2002. Natural Waters.

INDUSTRIAL AND RESIDENTIAL. DEFINITIONS

OBJECT
This Venezuelan Standard contains the definitions of the terms used in the analysis and
treatment of natural, industrial, and wastewater.

2. STANDARDS FOR CLASSIFICATION AND QUALITY CONTROL OF

THE BODIES OF WATER AND DISCHARGES OR LIQUID EFFLUENTS
DECREE No. 883
OBJECT
ARTICLE 1. - This Decree aims to establish the rules aimed at
conserve and improve the quality of water bodies by controlling discharges of
liquid effluents.
ARTICLE 2. - Conservation and improvement actions will be directed
mainly to the reduction or prevention of effluent generation, improvement of
the quality of the effluent, the use of cleaner production technologies, the establishment of
maximum limits of pollutant elements in discharges, as well as recycling practices
and reuse.

3. SANITARY STANDARDS FOR DRINKING WATER QUALITY

OBJECT

ARTICLE 1.- The objective of the 'Sanitary Standards for Drinking Water Quality' is
establish the maximum values of those components or characteristics of water that
they represent a risk to the health of the community, or inconveniences for preservation
of the storage and distribution systems of the liquid, as well as the regulation that
ensure your compliance.

ARTICLE 2.- The entities are subject to compliance with these Regulations
responsible for public or private drinking water supply systems.

4. ORGANIC LAW FOR THE PROVISION OF WATER SERVICES

DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION. OFFICIAL GAZETTE NO. 5,568
EXTRAORDINARY FROM DECEMBER 31, 2001
OBJECT
This law aims to regulate the public service of drinking water provision.
sanitation, as well as establishing a system of supervision, control, and evaluation
of these services and promote their development, for the benefit of citizens, in health
public, preserve water resources and protect the environment.

5. RULES FOR LOCATION, CONSTRUCTION, PROTECTION,

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF DRILLED WELLS INTENDED
THE SUPPLY OF DRINKING WATER.
OBJECT
Article 1: The location, test drilling, construction, protection, operation and
maintenance of deep wells intended for water supply for consumption
humans, and the use of water from these wells is subject to monitoring by
Ministry of Health and Social Assistance, through the responsible dependencies of the
functions of Sanitary Engineering, according to the provisions contained in the present
Standards.
6. WATER LAW
OBJECT
ARTICLE 1. This Law aims to establish the provisions governing management.
integral to water, as an indispensable element for life, human well-being and the
sustainable development of the country, and it is of a strategic nature and of state interest.

7. COVENIN STANDARD 2614:1994. DRINKING WATER. SAMPLING

OBJECT
This Venezuelan Standard establishes the procedures that must be followed for the collection.
of drinking water samples (intended for industrial use and/or packaging)
for subsequent chemical, physical, and microbiological analysis.

8. AMONG OTHER REGULATIONS

STANDARDS GOVERNING WATER QUALITY FOR CONSUMPTION

HUMAN (WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION)

GUIDELINES FOR DRINKING WATER QUALITY

OBJECT

The main purpose of the Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality is the
public health protection. The Guidelines provide recommendations for the
World Health Organization (WHO) to manage the risk of hazards that may
compromise the safety of drinking water. The Guidelines support the development and
the execution of risk management strategies that ensure safety
water supply through the control of hazardous components of water. These
strategies may include national or regional standards based on information
scientific that provide the Guidelines. These describe the reasonable minimum requirements that
They must comply with safe practices to protect the health of consumers, and they determine
numeric reference values of water components or indicators of quality
of the water.
 REGULATIONS ON HUMAN CONSUMPTION WATER, POLICIES AND
SUPPORT PROGRAMS

The incorporation of preventive risk management and the approach for prioritization in the
regulations, policies, and programs for the quality of drinking water must:

ensure that the regulations support the prioritization of the parameters of

quality of drinking water that should be analyzed, instead of doing
the analysis of each parameter of these Guidelines is mandatory;
ensure the application of appropriate health measures in the community and in
homes, and promote measures that prevent or mitigate pollution of
the source;
identify the water supplies for human consumption that represent the
greater risks to public health and determine, consequently, the
appropriate allocation of resources.

INTRODUCTION
Drinking water is "that which is suitable for human consumption and for all domestic use.
habitual, including personal hygiene, that does not pose a health risk, during a life
of consumption, and does not generate rejection from consumers.” The definition has
associated with the concepts of acute risk (immediate effect on health, mainly
provoked by pathogenic microorganisms) and chronic (long-term health impact).
The other aspect, which is usually not directly linked to health, refers to that
the water must not generate rejection from consumers, which is often associated with what
The senses can perceive: transparency, smell, taste (organoleptic aspects).

In practice, potability is related to compliance with regulations, which

they establish maximum allowed values (VMP) for certain parameters, and when to
if any of these parameters exceed the MCL, the water is classified as 'non-potable'.
non-potability may be caused by non-compliance with relevant parameters that
they affect health, which represents a serious fact, or by parameters that provoke rejection
of the consumers.
Access to clean water is essential for health, one of the human rights.
basics and a component of effective health protection policies. The Organization
World Health Organization (WHO) published four editions of the Guidelines for drinking-water quality.
potable (in 1983-1984, 1993-1997, 2004 and 2011), as successors to the Standards
international guidelines for drinking water, by WHO, published in 1958, 1963, and 1971.

The preparation of the fourth edition of the Drinking Water Quality Guidelines
human, incorporating the first addendum of the fourth edition, and the supporting documents,
it spanned a period of more than 10 years and involved the participation of hundreds of experts from
many developing and developed countries.

While the Venezuelan Commission of Industrial Standards (COVENIN) was created in

1958, it is the organization responsible for programming and coordinating standardization activities.
and Quality in the country.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://www.paho.org/blogs/etras/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/1.-Revision-of-the-standards-
water-quality-OPS-WHO.pdf

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 CONCLUSION
The quality of any body of water, whether surface or underground, depends on both factors
natural as well as from human action.

Without human action, water quality would be determined by substrate erosion.

mineral, the atmospheric processes of evapotranspiration and sedimentation of sludges and salts,
the natural leaching of organic matter and soil nutrients by the factors
hydrological, and the biological processes in the aquatic environment that can alter the
physical and chemical composition of water.

Generally, water quality is determined by comparing physical characteristics and

chemicals of a water sample with some water quality guidelines or standards. In the
In the case of drinking water, these standards are established to ensure a supply of clean water.
and healthy for human consumption and, in this way, protect the health of people. These
standards are normally based on scientifically acceptable levels of toxicity
for humans as well as for aquatic organisms.

The deterioration of water quality has become a cause for concern at the global level.
worldwide with the growth of the human population, the expansion of industrial activity and
agriculture and the threat of climate change as a cause of significant alterations in the
hydrological cycle.