José Eduardo Bustamante Martínez Career. Bachelor of Psychology Semester.

4
Subject. Human Sexuality

GENDER HOLON

Introduction

Gender, in simple terms, refers to being male or female, or masculine or feminine.

and how this fact defines the roles, opportunities, responsibilities, and relationships

among people. This report will explain the gender holon and what its different

components.

In psychology, gender refers to the formation of individual identity, that is

identity is the internal frame of reference that allows us to know who we are, what we want,

What we do, one of the main components of identity is gender. The identity of

gender is so important in human development that when it cannot be conformed, development cannot take place.

complete comes to a halt. (Money and Erhardt 1992). This concept refers to sameness and

persistence of personal individuality as a man or woman, especially on the plane of the

conduct

Gender construction and its components

The construction of gender is the identity that encompasses the elements of being a man or being

woman, it is a complex process that involves biological, cultural, social, and

psychological.

All people, women and men, are born into a social group that determines that

We must be depending on our sex. Gender theory questions principles and frameworks.

traditional scheme of the

sexuality, and in general the roles stereotyped by culture. (Money and Ehrdardt 1972)
José Eduardo Bustamante Martínez Career. Bachelor's Degree in Psychology Semester. 4
Subject. Human Sexuality

Stereotypical roles constitute ways in which people are grouped in a generalized manner.

unfavorably towards women, they also affect men, reflecting accordingly

with the sex y the characteristics, indicating lo what must to do.

Thus, societies have constructed the idea of differences between men and women.

Anthropologist Virginia Maquieira describes the elements of gender to us in an operational way.

in a way that allows us to understand exactly what we are talking about when we do

reference to the gender system. The main components of Virginia's gender system

son the following:

Sexual division of labor, identity, attributions, ideologies, symbols and metaphors, norms,

prestige and institutions and organizations.

The sexual division of labor consists of the structural assignment of types of tasks and roles.

according to how the conceptualization of what is understood by work is carried out.

Gender identity corresponds to a complex process where feelings come into play,

attitudes, and identification models.

Gender attributions are the social or biological criteria that people use to

identify a others.

The symbols and metaphors complement these components that refer to the gender level.

Social norms are shared expectations regarding appropriate behavior within

a society.

Prestige is the dynamics of social recognition, satisfaction of achievements, and esteem.

social

The institutions and social organizations refer to the construction of relationships

of gender, such as family, education, etc.

Gender orientation.

Gender orientation is an emotional, sexual attraction that is maintained towards others.

people, This is easily distinguished from other components of sexuality. The orientation of

gender ranges from heterosexuality to homosexuality, including forms of bisexuality.

In the case of bisexual people, they may experience emotional attraction towards people.

of the same sex and of the opposite sex. People with homosexual orientation are referred to as

a times gay o lesbians.

Sexual orientation differs from behavior because it refers to feelings and to

concept of oneself. People may or may not express their sexual orientation in their behaviors.

Theories of the origin of gender orientation

There are many theories about the origins of a person's sexual orientation.

Currently, most scientists agree that gender orientation is the result of the

complex interaction of biological, cognitive, and environmental factors.

In most people, gender orientation is defined at a young age.

Some of the most accepted theories about the origin of sexual orientation are as follows:

The sexual orientation theory of Alfred Kinsey.

This theory considers that genetic and hormonal factors intervene in the

determination of a temperamental base during childhood. Such infrastructure

psychological factors lead the child to prefer certain activities with their father, it indicates
José Eduardo Bustamante Martínez Degree. Bachelor of Psychology Semester. 4
Subject. Human Sexuality

that if the child prefers activities that are recognized as typical for children, he will do

who feels identified with these.

Freud's Learning Theory.

Freud clarifies that behavior is learned, that is, all conduct is subject to a

learning, whether by imitation or trial, and sexual behavior is also a

object of learning. This behavior involves the learning of motivations,

like sexual learning in a strict sense, that is to say, it gives and receives pleasure.

Ellis and Ames's sexual orientation theory 1993

This theory holds that in every case where a human was homosexual, it was twice.

more homozygous than when they were Visigothic. The sexual orientation of a person

it often becomes a matter attracted to people of the opposite sex, of the same sex,

or of both sexes.

Gender identity.

At the cognitive level, gender identity has been defined as the recognition of one's own

child in the identification with a determined sex, being aware that one belongs to a sex

male o female. (Huston, 1983

At an emotional level, this sense of belonging is valued, which is why the child

experience a sense of comfort or security as a child.

The gender identity of a boy or a girl is accompanied by hormonal stimulation,

that is acquired during the prenatal and postnatal periods of child development, as well as a series

of psychosocial factors, closely related to the adoption of certain behaviors of

masculinity or femininity that are culturally defined. To this set of

behaviors is what we label as sexual roles. The definition of sexual role makes

reference to the identification and reproduction by the child of certain behaviors considered

socially as prototypes of men and women.

Role/ Gender expression.

The concept of gender role refers to the behaviors that are expected of a person when

to consider themselves adequate simply for being a man or a woman. These are the tasks assigned to men and

women who describe what each one does, what roles they occupy and what their participation is in a

determined social group. (Arce M, n.d.)

Gender expression is characterized as one of the four main characteristics of the

human sexuality, in simple words is the aspect, what others believe we are based on

of our appearance, the expression of our sex and identity, tastes and the way of

behavior that is expected of us. Gender expression is classified into expression of

male, female, and androgynous people, characterized by a blend that can

vary in the two previous ones.

Masculinities and femininities

From a psychological perspective, there are two distinct worlds, masculinity relative to

man and the femininity relative to woman. Both worlds are presented very differently

depending on their sex.

The stereotype of the male model tells us that men must be strong, brave,

aggressive, fiery, conquering, and dedicated to their profession. Men are shaped, they have life
José Eduardo Bustamante Martínez Degree. Lic. Psychology Semester. 4
Subject. Human Sexuality

professionals, compete, must be good professionally, on a sentimental level there is a woman

that loves them, cares for them, and maintains their home.

On the other hand, women should be understanding, kind, affectionate, hardworking, good.

mothers, wives, and dedicated to their family.

Gender violence.

The UN in 1995 defined gender-based violence as: any act of sexist violence that has

as a possible or real result, physical, sexual, or psychological harm, including threats, coercion

or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether it occurs in public life or in private life.

Some of the most significant causes of gender-based violence according to studies conducted have

it has been the macho education where the man believes himself to be superior to the woman, the mistreatment during the

childhood, having a childhood full of abuse, the lack of social skills where the aggressor

does not know how to behave, jealousy here the aggressor feels inferior to another person, frustration,

despair among others.

The phases of gender violence are: Accumulation of tension, explosion of tension, and honeymoon.

of honey. As consequences of gender-based violence we find, isolation, abuse

emotional, economic abuse, sexual abuse, threats, intimidation, related to power and control.

The main way to end gender violence is prevention, including a change.

global in the way of viewing the relationships between women and men, a questioning of the

social roles and language stereotypes.

The gender holon is a potentiality that develops and evolves as time goes by.

time, in this case gender is related to the biological aspect of having a specific sex,

with what we refer to as two forms arising from the same type of organism, to which it
José Eduardo Bustamante Martínez Degree in Psychology Semester. 4
Subject. Human Sexuality

It is called dimorphism from which mental configurations about "being" are constructed.

"man" or "being a woman". (Rubio, 1994). Thus, throughout our development, gender is formed.

that refers to the individual's personal identity to the internal framework of reference that allows him/her

respond who is: man or woman. We could say that interactions are largely

measure, permeated by gender, which permeates almost all human existence.

Bibliographic references.

Rocha Sánchez, Tania Esmeralda. (2009). Development of gender identity from

a psycho-socio-cultural perspective: a conceptual journey. Interamerican Journal of

Psychology, 43(2), 250-259. Retrieved on October 28, 2019, from

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96902009000200006&lng=pt&tlng=es.

Blázquez-Rodríguez, Mª Isabel. (2005). The gender components and their relationship with

nursing. Nursing Index, 14(51), 50-54. Retrieved on October 28

2019 of The provided text is a URL and not translatable content.

12962005000300010&lng=es&tlng=es.

García-Leiva, P. (2005). Gender identity: explanatory models. Writings of

Psychology-Psychological Writings, (7), 71-81.

The men

they also suffer. Qualitative study of women's violence towards men in the

couple context. Clinical Theoretical and Practical Psychological Vanguard Journal, 3(2),

150-159.

Gender Violence
José Eduardo Bustamante Martínez Degree in Psychology Semester. 4
Subject. Human Sexuality

Guzmán, M. J. (2018). A Pedagogical Reflection: About Identity

Gender in Early Education.