tourism

According to Rose (2002:6), tourism can be classified in various ways, whether

by the volume of tourists, by the direction of the flow or even by the spatial coverage of
trips made.

According to the volume of tourists:

a) Mass Tourism - refers to the large number of people who travel

in groups to a tourist destination. It is also related to the spending pattern
two tourists, since it is more economical and more collective.

b) Individual tourism - refers to trips made individually.

isolated and, generally, organized by the tourist themselves. This can be organized
individually or by tourist companies.

According to the direction of tourist flow:

a) Emissive tourism - represents the flow of outgoing tourists who reside in a

locality or country.

b) Inbound tourism - characterized by the influx of tourists entering a destination.

locality or country.

According to the range of travels:

a) Local tourism - when it occurs between neighboring municipalities.

b) Regional tourism – when it covers a radius of 200 to 300 km from the

tourist's area of residence.

c) Domestic or national tourism – when it occurs within the country of

tourist residence.

International tourism - when it takes place outside the tourist's country of residence,
can be intracontinental or intercontinental.

In turn, Oliveira (2002) classifies tourism into 22 types, according to the

characteristics of the activity developed or according to the potentialities
explored, namely: leisure tourism, events tourism, literary tourism, thermal water tourism,
sports, religious, youth, social, cultural, ecological, shopping, adventure
gastronomic
maritime, business, technical, gay, health, ethnic, and nostalgic.

But for the present analysis, we will limit ourselves only to some modalities of
tourism, which is described below:

Leisure tourism - carried out by people who travel for pleasure, it can be practiced
anywhere. People travel just to discover new places,
rest, go on vacation. They look for places that offer good infrastructure and
equipment that provides leisure and entertainment.

Literary tourism - is a means that allows people to socialize and get to know each other.
certain literary environments and communities, authors, museums, residences, and places
frequented by authors, etc., not only about favorite books and authors, but also
a set of other attitudes and other culturally accepted values. In this perspective,
tourism is a form of cultural expression and communication that involves the
appropriation of images between different symbolic systems.

Thermal water tourism - practiced by people seeking spa resorts.

hydromineral for health treatment or simple recreation. It is a type of tourism.
sophisticated and localized, requiring large financial investments and organization.

Cultural tourism – practiced for the acquisition of new knowledge. This type of
tourism consists of a very specific audience. The cultural attraction becomes the
main motivation of consumers to visit a certain destination.

Sports tourism - carried out by those who go to participate in or watch events

sports. For example, the recently held world football championship in
South Africa, or the Olympics, which attract almost the entire world population.

Business tourism - it is practiced by executives who travel to participate in

meetings, visiting suppliers and conducting business. It is a target audience
demanding, requiring a lot of attention. They stay in top hotels and need
specialized services, such as bilingual guides, translators, interpreters, meeting rooms
conferences, among others.
Religious tourism - practiced by people interested in visiting sacred places.
Thousands of pilgrims are traveling to the Vatican in Rome; Jerusalem, in Israel; and
to Mecca, in Saudi Arabia, with the intention of praying and fulfilling vows.

Environmental tourism, ecological or ecotourism - practiced by people who appreciate the

nature. Those who stand out are the residents of developed and industrialized countries who
they seek to maintain contact with the biophysical elements that have already disappeared from the

great cities. The purpose of these visits is to appreciate the beauty of the natural environment,

breathe fresh air, photograph and film the fauna and flora as well as the various elements of
landscape.

Bibliography

MANSO, Francisco Jorge; VICTOR, Ringo. Geography 12th Grade - Pre-

university student. 1st Edition. Longman Mozambique, Maputo, 2010

4. Tourism

4.1. The Concept of Tourism

A tourist is any temporary visitor who stays in the visited location for more than 24 hours.

Etymologically, the term tourism comes from the French word tourisme, although
some authors claim that the adoption of this term by the Portuguese language gave-
it was via English, and not directly from French. This term was first
used in England in 1760, and the activities today classified as tourism
began in the same country in the 18th century.

The matrix of the radical touré is Latin, originating from the noun tornus, from the verb tomare.

whose meaning is: "turn. Return, trip, or movement of going out and returning to the place of
departure.

From much earlier times before the Latin term emerged, the word tour, from ancient Hebrew, in
its pure and literal sense, as a designative expression of 'exploratory journey, of
discovery and recognition." (Rose. 2002:3).
A tourist is any temporary visitor who stays away from their residence.
habitual less than 24h. While visitor is anyone who travels
temporarily away from your usual residence, whether in your own country or
abroad, for a reason other than to engage in a paid activity.

According to various authors who have studied the subject, defining tourism is
something quite controversial. For illustrative purposes, we could say that tourism is related
with the trips. However, one must be cautious that not all trips are considered
as tourism.

However, we would not fail to present some of the related concepts.

commonly used tourism terms, namely: tourist, excursionist, and visitor.

According to Oliveira (2002:36), 'tourism is defined as the set of results of a character

economic, financial, political, social, and cultural produced in a locality,
resulting from the relationship between the visitors and the places visited during the
temporary presence of people who move from their usual place of residence
for others, spontaneously and for non-profit purposes.

In turn, Rose (2002:2) citing the World Tourism Organization

(OMT) defines tourism as: 'A set of activities carried out by people
during your travels and stops in different places that are not your habitat, for a
consecutive period of less than a year, for leisure, business, or other purposes
reasons, non-profit.

Furthermore, according to Baptista (1997) citing the International Association of Experts

Tourism scientists (AIPCT) state that: "tourism is the set of relations and
phenomena produced by the displacement and permanence of people outside their location
habitual residence, as long as these displacements and stay are not
motivated by a primary, permanent or temporary profitable activity.

From the concepts presented above, it is deduced that tourism is understood as being
displacement and stay of people outside their usual place of residence,
motivated by leisure, recreation or other activities, but not including those of a character
merely profitable for a period exceeding 24 hours and less than 12 months.
Tourism is an economic activity belonging to the tertiary sector and consists of
a set of services that is sold to the tourist. Consequently, tourism is a
"industry" that integrates various interdependent companies, thus producing the effect
waterfall. This activity assumes the offer of tourist products available to
consumer.

Tourism is classified into:

Depending on the number of tourists, they can be classified into:

Classification

Also known as private tourism or self-funded tourism,

if planned and executed tourism without the intermediary of an agency
Individual
tourism entity travel.

It is the set of planned, managed tourist activities,

executed by tourism agencies, associations, professional entities,
Organized
clubs or other organizations involving a group of people.

The type of organized tourism for people from social strata whose
the income, without the help of third parties, would not allow them to proclaim
travel
Social
Generally, disrespect for the summer camp of associations of entities
of class, of companies or hostels that operate with resources
governmental or special funds.

Depending on the direction of the flow, tourism can be classified as:

Classification

Internal Set of tourist activities in which people do not leave their

country of residence.

External Set of activities in which people travel to other countries

that does not give your residence, and then temporarily consumes goods and
 services.

Receptive Domestic and international tourism pertain to the emitting core of

tourists; however, when the issuing nucleus is a foreign country, the country
what welcomes the visitor is called receptive.

Due to the scope of travel, tourism can be classified into:

Classification Description

Local When it occurs between neighboring geographic units, for example

between municipality and neighbor.

Regional external When it occurs in locations that are situated 200 or 300 Km away
distance from the tourists' residence.

Domestic When it occurs within the tourist's country of residence.

International When it occurs outside the tourist's country of residence

intra-continental or intercontinental.

The Main Tourist Centers of the World

September 22, 2022 Updated on: September 22, 2022

The distribution of tourist centers in the World

The most industrialized countries in the world have more advanced tourism, both in
issuance, as well as in the reception of tourists.

Making a comparison on a global scale; the USA, Japan, France, Germany,

England and Italy are the largest emitters and receivers of tourists. Spain,
Indonesia, Brazil, Hong Kong (China) are the largest recipients.

In general, the main tourist centers are: Western Europe, Basin

Mediterranean, USA, Canada, Mexico, Caribbean, Japan, Australia, New Zealand
Southeast Asia, the islands of the Western Pacific, historical-cultural places (Pyramids
from Egypt) and religious centers (Mecca, Vatican, Jerusalem). It is worth mentioning that the hemisphere

The North largely dominates tourism in the World.

The importance of tourism

Tourism is of great socio-economic and cultural importance because:

Allows the entry of foreign currencies;

Enables the development of transport and communication routes;

Allows for the creation of more job positions;

Boosts the development of handicrafts and other related services

indústria hoteleira;

It allows for an increase in local product incomes and consumption;

Develop trade and fishing;

Allows the creation of infrastructures;

It is a source of employment for the population, allowing the development of the areas.

rural and urban;

Stimulates rural exodus.

Tourism: Social, Economic and Environmental Impact (in Mozambique)

Tourism

Social, economic and environmental impact

The presence of tourists in a certain place leads to the emergence of prostitution.

of thefts and, sometimes, of violent crimes.

Many people assimilate cultural values from foreigners, regarding

clothing and lifestyle.

On the other hand, tourism activity also has an impact on economic and social life.
this impact manifests itself in various forms: flow of convertible currency, creation of
secondary support activities, fishing and diving supply stores, stations of
service, health centers, more jobs.

Many tourists can also mean inflation of the prices of some products.
food and accommodation, which may eventually reduce purchasing power of the
local population.

The environment is under increasing threat due to different activities.

developed by Man, particularly tourism.

The crowding of tourists, pollution, and the construction of infrastructure in places.

Fragile elements are a concern for all of us.

In our country, the negative impact on the environment manifests itself in many ways.
forms, namely:

Uncontrolled growth of cities in tourist areas, construction of infrastructure

new structures for the reception of tourists, construction of roads, removal of
sand and vegetation for house installation.

Indiscriminate dumping of garbage resulting in loss of aesthetics, proliferation

of diseases, water contamination.

Coastal erosion, which results in land collapse and loss of soil

superficial, as is the case of the city of Beira.

Disappearance of dune vegetation due to the extraction of sands for

construction, which facilitates erosion.

Overload of social infrastructures, such as, for example, sanitation and hospitals.

How to protect the tourist environment?

For the protection and conservation of the environment it is necessary:

Provide environmental education to all stakeholders in the tourism activity

and to the community in general.

Regulate the circulation of vehicles on the coast.

Monitor tourism in parks and animal reserves.

 Involve local communities in tourism management.

Create policies that mitigate the negative impact.

Prohibit the destruction of reefs, corals, coastal vegetation, and dunes.

Bibliography

NONJOLO, Luís Agostinho; ISMAEL, Abdul Ismael. G10 - Geography 10th Grade. Text
Editors, Maputo, 2017.

Impact of tourism

As previously mentioned, tourism activities have numerous impacts.

are positive or negative, in the regions where they develop. These effects are not only
they make you feel in the very place, as they surpass them, reaching distant regions. Thus,
we will highlight the socioeconomic and environmental impacts resulting from the activity
tourist.

Socioeconomic impact

In the positive socioeconomic sphere, tourism stimulates local development and

regional promoting the well-being of populations. This activity is a source of generating
employment for many people, whether directly or indirectly, and it brings earnings in currency

foreign (currencies), economic growth (GDP), infrastructure development

socioeconomic structures such as: hospitals, roads, schools, water wells, bank
and also allows for cultural exchange, etc.

From a negative point of view, it should be noted that tourism contributes to the
road congestion, increase in crime, prostitution and drug use,
breakdown and commercialization of local religious, cultural, or traditional values, loss
of cultural identity through external influence on the traditional way of life, deviation
on economic benefits, inflation, changes in professional occupations, and escape
of labor.

Environmental impact
The environment is an essential factor for tourism. From a positive point of view, the
tourism contributes to the conservation of natural areas, conservation of places
historical and archaeological, as well as the local architectural heritage. It also facilitates the
improvement of the environment, infrastructure, and increases ecological awareness. Despite
therefore, it is often observed an inadequate exploitation, which can cause
the commitment and even the very extinction of the tourist attraction, as the
tourism contributes to the physical alteration of the landscape, as a result of
deforestation and reduction of wildlife to make way for the implementation of the instances

tourist-related. Thus, this causes pollution of water, air, soil, and noise.
visual. In the same view, this activity contributes to the emergence of problems
linked to environmental sanitation, transmission of non-existent diseases in
host region, ecological degradation, land use issues, erosion, waste
solids, damage to historical and archaeological sites and, above all, ecological risks.

Measures to minimize the problems resulting from the impact of tourism

In light of these impacts that can be produced by tourism, the planning of

tourist activity is necessary both to accelerate and maximize the positive effects of
activity, as well as to minimize or mitigate the negative effects arising from this
sector. The careful planning of this sector, therefore, proves to be a powerful
instrument for promoting the socioeconomic development of communities without
compromising current and future uses. Thus, a tourism planning
efficient must establish the following strategies: raise awareness among the population and or
users for the importance of tourism, regarding conservation and preservation
the natural or ecological potentials (fauna, forests, climate, hydrology,
landscapes, etc.), determine the capacity to utilize tourist attractions, engage
the local community in the management of natural resources, that is, to involve the community in

control, use, and conservation of tourist heritage.

Panels or labels should be placed indicating pedestrian circulation areas and

automobiles. It is equally imperative to invest in sustainable tourism, which is the one that
is closely linked to the conservation of natural resources by current generations,
meeting the needs of the moment, without compromising the ability to meet the
needs of future generations.
Bibliography

MANSO, Francisco Jorge; VICTOR, Ringo. Geography 12th Grade - Pre-University.

1st Edition. Longman Mozambique, Maputo, 2010.