12th GRADE

I. PERIODIZATION OF THE HISTORY OF MOZAMBIQUE

1. Distinguish chronology from periodization.

2. State the historical periods and the phases to which the following events belong:

a) Transfer of the capital of the State of Gaza from Mandlakazi to Mussorize

b) Foundation of the factories of Tete and Sena

c) Shipment from Lourenço Marques to Maputo Bay

d) Creation of liberated zones in Mozambique

e) Foundation of the Mozambique Company

3. Explain the importance of oral sources for the reconstruction of History in Mozambique.

4. What care should we take with oral sources?

II. Mozambique - From Hunter-Gatherer Communities to Exploitation Societies

5. Mark the correct option about the economic activities of the first Bantu communities.
Hunting, fishing, and gathering

B agriculture, pastoralism, and iron metallurgy

C agriculture and fishing

6. Mark the option that indicates among the Bantu the role of the chief in land management as
heritage of the lineages.

a) expropriate it for your benefit

b) distribute it according to your whims

c) distribute it among the members of the lineage

7. Knowledge of the history of Bantu migrations is provided to us by...

The investigation of written sources left by the first Portuguese

The investigations of archaeological sources in ancient ruins such as Chiboene

The reading of ancient writings by Arab and Persian merchants.

8. Point to the correct item regarding the Bantu concept:

A set of tribes and races with different characteristics

A set of languages with different characteristics

A set of languages with common characteristics

9. The economic activities of the first Bantu communities allowed for development
of the societies

Nomads and Sedentaries C Semi-nomadic

10. The Bantu peoples brought with them the technique of using instruments of:

A pau and stone Bronze and wood CFerro

11. Indicate the option that shows the area where the first Bantu communities sought to settle.
establish.

A Arid zones Coastal river areas C Semi-desert areas

12. The permanent production relations among the Bantu are determined by the:

A hunting and fishing practice Bpractice of trade exchanges with distant peoples

Practice of agricultural activity

13. The political functions in Bantu societies, both in matrilinear lineage and in
patrilinear, were exercised by:

The Women Men Elderly

14. Among the Bantu, the land was the heritage of the lineages, with the chief's role being to:

Expropriate it for your benefit Distribute it according to your whims

Distribute it among the members of the lineage.

Lobolo was a practice through which the chiefs established relationships between the lineages.

In the south of Mozambique In the center of Mozambique In northern Mozambique

III. THE SOCIAL DIFFERENTIATION AND THE FORMATION OF THE FIRST STATES

16. Indicate the characteristics of the state.

17. Explain the Liberal Theory about the state

18. Complete the following sentence using the words we presented to you.

Administrative Productive Management Integral

The expansion of population groups made the functions of a)_______________ more

complexities that imposed the increase of the people involved and their engagement
b)_____________ of the same in these functions. Thus, the men assigned to the functions
c)___________________ had a tendency to withdraw from tasks d)
___________________.

19. The Zimbabweans were located in high areas around which there was a belt.
human formed by the villages of the peasants.

• Explain the importance of the madzimbabwe considering the statement above.

20. Interpret the meaning of the concentration of traces of prestigious objects inside the
affordable, contrasting with those of lesser value, especially work tools to
return of the same.
21. The Shona-Karanga social formation emerged based on an expansion resulting from the
disaggregation of the State of Zimbabwe.

a) Refer to the factors that were behind this expansion

b) Characterize the socio-economic structure of Shona-Karanga training

Indicate two aspects of the articulation between the musha and the dominant aristocracy.

23. Indicate the limits of the Mwene Mutapa Empire.

24. Mention the vassal states of the State of Mwenemutapa

IV. FOREIGN MERCHANT PENETRATION (ARAB-PERSIAN AND PORTUGUESE)

25. The first phase of the penetration of merchant capital corresponded to the first stage of
integration of the Eastern African Coast in international trade.

a) Identify the main participants in this phase.

Some say that "trade would have created exploitation in the 'Mozambican states'".

Do you agree with this statement? Justify your answer.

27. It points out the traces of the influence of the first merchants in Mozambique.

28. The first merchants who operated in Mozambique were the Arab-Persian.
originating from:

India and Arabia Arabian Peninsula and Persian Gulf. The Persian Empire

29. The expansion and settlement of Arabs in Mozambique were motivated by economic reasons.
and ideological such as:

The rise of Islam, desertification of the lands and the

The diffusion of Christianity in Europe

Overpopulation CSeeking fertile land and Practice of trade, based on textiles,

beads and other products.

From the wars that shook their places of origin

30. Who commanded the first expedition that passed through Mozambique?

A Mouzinho de Albuquerque Vasco da Gama Gonçalo da Silveira DLourenço

Brands
31. Characterize the relations between the Portuguese and the Mwenemutapa between 1505 and 1607.

The power of Mwenemutapa was particularly shaken by the treaty of 1629.

a) Indicate three obligations imposed by the 1629 agreement, by the Portuguese to the Aristocracy of
Mwenemutapa

b) Explain the causes of the armed uprising by Changamire Dombo in 1693 against the
Portuguese.
33. Within the scope of Portuguese trade penetration, new formations emerged in the Zambezi valley.
designated political units deadlines.

Indicate three modalities of land acquisition that gave rise to the system of terms.

34. The merchants who conquered lands in the territory of the Muenemutapa spent a
period of tense relations with the Portuguese crown.
Explain the origin of the tensions that occurred.

The establishment of the deadline system in Mozambique resulted in a failure.

Explain the main consequence of the slave trade for the deadlines.
36. The occupation of the lands that gave rise to the tenures in the Zambezi valley was through:

The donation of mambo, purchase and military conquest

Distribution of lands by the Portuguese crown to merchants,

Agreements between Portuguese and Arab merchants

Request to the local authorities

37. Among the causes of the failure of the deadlines system in Mozambique, we can point out.

The deadlines were located in inland areas, far from the reach of the authorities.
Portugal was powerless to enforce the law and the lands were occupied, without support from the crown;

The African chiefs always defended the pleasures.

The Portuguese crown made few investments in the terms.

38. Slave traffic was one of the causes of the decline of deadlines because:

The slave trade created conflicts among the planters.

The pleasure seekers could not keep up with the movement of abolition.

The pleasurable COs also started selling the a-chicunda;

The slaves were sold below their real value.

39. The company of the Mazanes was founded in:

A1686 in Lisbon B1752 in Goa C1752 in Lisbon D1686 in Goa.

40. One of the characteristics of the second phase of the ivory cycle, in the south of Save, was:

Monopoly of the Portuguese and the rise of King Tembe over Maputo

B Regular arrival of a large number of Dutch ships and the rise of King Tembe over
Maputo

C Regular arrival of a large number of Dutch and English ships and the rise of the king
Maputo on Tembe

41. The ivory traders in the North of Save came from:

Aquilão and Mombasa, Aquilão, Mombasa, and other Swahili port cities

CQuíloa, India and Mombasa.

42. In the south of the Save, the first phase of the ivory cycle took place in:

A1550 to 1800 B1550 to 1750 C1750 1 1800

43. In the south of Save, during the first phase of the ivory cycle, ivory was exchanged for:

Indian fabrics, beads, and brass ingots Indian fabrics

Indian fabrics and beads

The slave cycle was the last stage of merchant capital in Mozambique.

a) Place this stage in time

b) Indicate the causes of its emergence

45. The areas of greatest importance for slave trafficking in Mozambique were:

Zambezi Valley, hinterland of Inhambane and Maputo Bay

Coastal area from the river Ligonha to Maputo Bay

Inhambane Hinterland and Maputo Bay

46. The first trafficked slaves until 1740 in Mozambique were destined for:
Americas and Mascarenhas Islands in the Indian Ocean

Mascarene Islands in the Indian Ocean

Sultanates and States of the Mozambique Coast

47. The main victims of the slave trade in Mozambique were:

The populations of Makua –Lomwé origin

The Shona populations of the Zambezi valley
Tsonga's cuisine is the chop of Southern Mozambique

48. In what period did the clandestine slave trade take place?

Before 1750 B1750 –1842 C1842 Until the beginning of the 20th century

49. Mark with T or F the following characteristics, according to whether they are true or false.
respectively.

The military states of the Zambezi valley emerged as a result of military conquests.
and the strong collaboration of local leaders.

The economic support of the military states of the Zambezi valley was trade.
peasants' products

Socially, the military states of the Zambezi valley were solely constituted by the
Nguni aristocracy and by domestic slaves.
The military states of the Zambezi valley emerged as a result of military conquests.
and of alliances of local leaders.

The economic support of the military states of the Zambezi valley was the slave trade.
and agriculture.

Socially, the military states of the Zambezi valley were composed of the Afro-
Islamic and domestic slaves.

50. The military states of the Zambezi valley were created:

In the 18th century
Between 1800 and 1819.
Between 1820 and 1860.
51. In the local languages of the Zambezi Valley, Muzungu referred to:

A Ivory and slave trade.

Races from other latitudes that appeared to trade gold, ivory, and slaves.

C Europeans, goers and their descendants.

52. The elements that were not part of the social structure of military states are:
The peasants of the mushas and their descendants.

The Mambos and smokes that controlled the peasants.

We are moving chairs.

53. The social structure based on the matrilinear community was found in:

The State of Gaza B Estado de Massangano C Estado de Mataca

54. The a-chisi were specialists in iron work in the State:

To the Military. B Yao C Macua.

55. The social organization of the State of Gaza was composed of:

The dominated populations already integrated into the Nguni social structure.

High aristocracy, middle aristocracy, tonga and changanas.

High aristocracy, middle aristocracy, and tonga.

56. One of the consequences of the M’fecane was:

The migrations of the Nguni population from Zululand only to Gaza, where it came to establish the State.
from Gaza.
Migration of Zuangedaba, Ngaba Msane, and Nguana Maseko to Tete and Niassa where they formed
the State of Macanga.

The unification of Zululand and the migration of Nguni tribes to the north where they originated.
political changes.

57. Among the Zulu chiefs, the one who has family ties with Ngungunhane was:

Azuangedaba. BManicusse.CMzilikazi
58. In the State of Gaza, the main economic activities were:

A Hunting, fishing, and cattle breeding.

Agriculture, hunting, fishing, and cattle farming.

C Handmade production.

The Colonial Period (1890-1930)

59. Indicate the statement that correctly defines colonization.

A( ) Chapter of a long story, an episode or interlude in the multiple and diver

experiences of the peoples of Africa

B( Proof that the Africans had never resigned themselves to conquest and occupation
European

C( ) Occupation of a foreign territory by a political-military power

D( ) Modern phenomenon of essentially European initiative that developed from the century
XV until the mid-20th century

60. Mark with V the true statements and F the false ones about the impact of colonialism on
Africa.

The European colonization of Africa had a beneficial influence or at least was not harmful.
Africa.

The positive effect of colonialism was practically nil.

Colonialism had positive and negative effects, but most of the positive effects...
there were accidental consequences or measures aimed at defending the interests of
colonizers

61. Explain the role of religious ideologies in African resistance.

62. Indicate two reasons for European interest in the interior of Africa starting in the late
18th century.

63. Mark the true statements regarding the exploratory trips of Europeans in Africa

64. The main itineraries of Europeans during exploratory voyages included

A Sahara, Nile, Niger and Mediterranean B Niger, Congo, Nilo, Zambeze

C Equatorial forest, Atlantic coast, Niger River Atlantic, Indian, Mediterranean

The exploratory travels contributed to imperialist expansion in that

A They allowed the exploration of the continent. They provided the

B Europeans with the
knowledge of the continent They onlyCintegrated European travelers. Among the
travelers encountered soldiers, missionaries, and merchants

66. Portugal is not an imperialist country... Portugal is a colonialist country tied to

imperialism, but it is not an imperialist country by its very nature." Amílcar Cabral
• Comment on the idea of Amílcar Cabral expressed in the text, taking into account the following aspects:
a) Portugal's involvement in the European imperialist race for

occupation of Africa.
b) Occupation, colonization and administration of Mozambique

The establishment of colonial borders in Africa was one of the consequences of the application
from the principle of effective occupation.

a) Refer to the project 'map-color-pink', explaining what it consists of and what the context is.
its emergence.
b) Describe the conflicts between Portugal and England in the context of effective occupation.

The definitive course of the southern border of Mozambique has been established:

A( ) In 1820 by William Owen

B( ) In 1875 by the French president Marshal Mac Mahon.

C( ) In 1885 at the Berlin Conference

D( ) In 1887 by Henrique Barros Gomes

69. Mark T for true statements and F for false in relation to the attempts of occupation.
global of the Portuguese territories.

In 1898, England signed an agreement with Germany for the division of Angola and
Mozambique, but in fact I aimed for German neutrality in the Anglo-Boer war and in
conflict with France over Sudan.

By the Treaty of Windsor, England reaffirmed its obligation to protect integrity.

territorial of Portugal against all present and future enemies.
C( ) Through the Treaty of Windsor, Portugal guaranteed military support to England and prohibited the trafficking o
weapons by Lço Marques.

One of the signatories of the Treaty of Windsor was Germany.

70. Indicate the reasons that explain how the Portuguese remained in Lourenço Marques.
until 1870 knowing that its power was very weak and was circumscribed to the fort and surroundings.

a) African chiefs had the support of ivory traders.

b) The Portuguese presence was not a threat to the African states and was important for the
development of commerce.
The Portuguese relied on the support of the Boers and did not get involved in the life of the kingdoms.
Africans

d) The Portuguese had not discovered the riches of Mozambique

71. Show with two examples that the economy of southern Mozambique evolved from 1870.
in connection with the South African economy.

72. Identify the political units that existed in southern Mozambique around 1880.
b) Military States of the Zambezi Valley Gaza State
Ajaua f) Reinos Afro -Islâmicos da Costa g) Cossa h) Matsolo i) Nuamba

73. Identify the factors that contributed to the development of southern Mozambique among
1840 and 1870

a) Intensification of elephant hunting with a reflection on the increase in ivory exports

b) Beginning of diamond mining in Kimberley, in 1871

c) Intensification of Asian trade in southern Mozambique

d) Start of labor export for Christmas

e) Export of peasant production.

f) Beginning of gold mining in Lyndenburg.

g) Emergence of other dependent industries

74. Indicate the year the military post was opened in Angoane

1885 b) 1886 1888 d) 1889

75. To establish the Portuguese image and the effective control of southern Mozambique, António
Enes set immediate goals:
a) Convince the king of Gaza that there would be no attacks on his territory in order to prevent that
militarily prepared;
b) To prevent the alliance of the king of Gaza with the Mozambique Company for the collection of
taxes in your territory;

c) Import by force the Portuguese prestige in the small regulations;

d) Make alliances with the subjugated or intimidated leaders to surround Gaza and dominate.
Ngungunhane

76. The diplomatic actions that preceded the invasion of the State of Gaza aimed to
purpose:
a) Convince the king of Gaza that there would be no attacks on his territory in order to prevent that
to prepare militarily;

b) Forcefully impose Portuguese prestige on the small regulated ones;

c) Make alliances with the submissive or frightened chiefs to surround Gaza and dominate
Ngungunhane
d) Prevent the alliance of the king of Gaza with the Mozambique Company for the collection of
taxes in your territory;

e) Avoid the establishment of negotiations with the British South Africa Company.

77. From 1885 onward, Portugal's interest in the South of Mozambique intensified due to the
following factors:
The discovery of gold in Witwatersrand that led to the development of traffic
traffic and commercial activity inside
B( ) Indication of a Resident Commissioner in the kingdom of Gaza

Opening of a military post in Angoane

D( ) To the establishment of the principle of effective occupation by the Berlin Conference

Appointment of a Resident Commissioner for the Maputo kingdom

78. Mark V for true statements and F for false ones regarding the labor issue.
in the south of Mozambique in the context of regional integration in the early 20th century

The export of labor caused competition for labor between capital

South African miner and Portuguese colonial traders and authorities

One of the measures to normalize the shortage of labor was the use of authority.
politics, having Angola become a true recruitment post.

C( ) From 1889, recruitment difficulties decreased as there began to exist a

central recruitment organization that controlled the competition

Among the factors that contributed to the increase in recruitment difficulties may
it indicates the collaboration between the recruiters and the canteen workers and the raids

The battle of Coolela, near the capital Mandlakazi, culminated in the defeat of the troops.
from Gaza and the destruction of the capital was in:

September 7, 1895

80. How do you explain the great difficulties faced by Portugal in the conquest of
center of Mozambique?

81. After successful military actions in 1902, the Portuguese faced a new rebellion.
in Bárue in 1917.

a) How did the Portuguese manage to subjugate Bárue in 1902?

b) What reasons were behind the Barue revolt in 1917?

82. Points out the obstacles faced by the Portuguese in their attempt to occupy the
north of Mozambique.
83. Until the end of the 19th century, Cabo Delgado was characterized by the following aspects
politicians

a) Existence of large territorial chiefs.

b) Supremacy of the Yao states over the Makonde populations;

c) Nonexistence of large territorial chiefs;

84. The effective occupation of Northern Mozambique took place between:

A( ) 1890-1918 1896-1905

85. The effective occupation of Nampula ended in:

A( ) 1905 B( ) 1897 C ( ) 1753

86. Otiman refers to:

Surprise attacks on the enemy

C( ) Pillaging;

87. The Niassa Company was created:

A( ) Before 1891 B( ) In 1891 C( ) After 1891

88. Mark true statements with V and false ones with F

Until 1890, there was a clear distinction of penalties between 'indigenous' and 'non-indigenous'.

Until 1890, the prison sentence was applied to both 'indigenous' and 'non-indigenous' individuals.
indigenous
The theorists of colonialism defended the uniformity of sentences between indigenous and non-indigenous people.
indigenous people

By 1890, there was already legislation clearly imposing the obligation for black people to work.

89. Colonial legislation began to be published in

A( ) 1890 B( ) 1892 C( ) 1894 D( ) 1899

90. The establishment of the Portuguese colonial state had as its main figures:

A( ) António Enes, Aires de Ornelas, Freire de Andrade

B( ) António Enes, Mouzinho de Albuquerque, Paiva de Andrade

C( ) António Enes, Aires de Ornelas, Paiva de Andrade

D( ) António Enes, Mouzinho de Albuquerque, Freire de Andrade

91. Among the laws introduced by António Enes in the context of establishing the colonial state
stand out:

A( ) The Indigenous Circumscription and the Rural Labor Code of 1899

The Administrative Reform of Mozambique and the Administrative Career

The Indigenous Circumscription and the Administrative Reform of Mozambique

The Administrative Career and the Rural Labor Code of 1899

V. The Colonial Economy

92. Indicate the reason that led Portugal to grant landowners the titles of captain and
sergeant major in the 19th century.

It was a "reward" for the delivery, to the crown, of the lands conquered in wars or raids.
of slave hunting.

B( ) It was a way to attract international capital

C( ) Form of protest against the settlement of foreigners in Chire and Báruè and the establishmen
from BSAC in Mashonaland.
How Portugal could protect itself from the threat that the settlement of foreigners represented and
to ensure control of the Zambezi.

93. After the Berlin Conference, Portugal committed itself more to conquest and subdued
finally the military states starting from:

A( ) 1850 B( ) 1870 1884/5

94. In 1854 a decree "abolished" the deadlines. With this measure:

The lands reverted to the State, with the inhabitants of these lands only subject to the
laws of the colonial state.

The lands were handed over to the companies.

The lands were handed over to new landowners who created the military States of
Zambezi Valley

The administrative machine of the colonial state was set up.

In 1888, the Portuguese government appointed a commission to study reforms in the deadlines.
whose report advised:

A( ) Make Mozambique a plantation colony and meet the deadlines.

B( ) Make Mozambique a plantation colony and end the system of deadlines.

C( ) Attract foreign capital to develop plantations.

D( ) Introduce the obligation to pay mussoco in work.

96. The decision of the Portuguese State to create companies in Mozambique was motivated by:

On the decline of deadlines in the second half of the 18th century

B( Due to the economic weakness of Portugal that did not allow for the exploitation of
Mozambique
C( ) Due to the personal wish of António Enes then Regional Commissioner in Mozambique

D( ) By the necessity of putting an end to the slave trade

97. The first unsuccessful attempts to put an end to the slave trade in their
colonies took place:

From the late 1830s. C( ) In the decade of

1850 Around 1870

98. In the center, the only region where Portugal had some authority and tried to impose a
direct administration and charging the mussoco was:

A( ) Sofala B( ) Sena C( ) Quelimane D ( ) Head

99. The main innovation of the indigenous labor code published in 1875 was:
A( ) Replace the category of servants with that of freedmen

The establishment of the principle that Africans must "work" to be

civilized

C( ) Beginning of censuses to facilitate the direct administration of certain deadlines, in

especially the collection of mussoco.

D( ) Auctioning off the lands in a public sale, with the winners obligated to pay a
part of the tax charged to the state.

100. When was the forced cultivation of cotton declared in Mozambique?

A( ) 1926 B( ) 1930 C( ) 1946 D( ) 1961

101. In the context of forced cultures, the cultivation of cotton has been held responsible:

A( ) to the African peasantsB( ) to the administration agents

C( ) concessionaire companies D( ) The decorticating factories

102. What measures were taken by the colonial authorities in response to the protests against the
forced cultures?

Recruitment of peasants outside cotton production areas

B( ) Introduction of the bite system and extension of working hours.

Increase in police repression

D( ) Introduction of incentives such as subsidies, productivity bonuses, and promotions.

103. Identify the characteristic(s) of the church in Mozambique between 1911 and 1926.

A( ) Predominance of non-Portuguese Protestant missions;

Expansion of Catholic missions due to the secular nature of the state;

C( ) Large state investments in the construction of schools.

D( ) Harmonious coexistence between Catholic and Protestant missions.

104. Mark with V the true statements and F the false ones regarding education in the context of
New State.
A( ) From 1930 onwards, the education of Indigenous people was entrusted, by the colonial state, to the missions.
catholic.
B( ) Starting in 1930, the colonial state directly took over the education of the indigenous people to
better to control them.

From 1930, the education of indigenous people was entrusted by the colonial state to the missions.
Catholics and Protestants.

D( ) To carry out your task of educating the African masses, the Catholic missions we
subsidized and supported by the state.

105. What was the objective of missionary teaching for Africans?

VI. ANTI-COLONIAL RESISTANCE

106. The Five Hundred strike took place:

In the port of Lourenço Marques in 1933

B( ) In Nampula in 1932

C( ) In Nampula in 1933 D( ) At the port of Lourenço Marques in 1932

107. What were the means of the anti-colonial struggle in Mozambique?

Defense against European colonialism

C( ) African emancipation expressed in Pan-Africanism.

108. Mark with V the true statements and F the false ones about the factors of nationalism.
in Africa

After World War II, the USSR and the USA took an anti-colonial position.

After World War II, the USSR was the only power that took a position
anti-colonial.

The creation of the UN in 1945 was one of the factors that discouraged decolonization.
Africa

The Pan-African Congress in Manchester in October 1945 was one of the factors of
nationalism in Africa.

CORRECTION GUIDE

1. While chronology lists events by dates, Periodization

it is the division of historical events into large epochs, highlighting the
main characteristics that distinguish one period from another.
2.

a) Foreign mercantile penetration - European phase

b) Period of foreign mercantile penetration - European phase

c) Foreign mercantile penetration -- European phase

d) Period of Imperialist Aggression -- phase of the crisis and restructuring of colonialism

e) Period of colonialism -- phase of dependence on foreign capital

3. For the reconstruction of the History of Mozambique, the oral source is particularly important.
importance in that in the face of the scarcity of written sources and the difficulties of use
From archaeological sources, the oral source emerges as primordial.

4. Oral sources are very susceptible to distortions, which is why it is important to safeguard them.
situations. To do this, it is necessary to compare information from different sources, inquire various
times the same source, among other measures.

5–B 6-C 7–B 8–C 9–B 10–C 11–B 12—C

With the settling of the Bantu-speaking peoples, the economy began to be based on agriculture.
(farming and herding) alongside hunting, fishing, pottery, weaving, and metallurgy of
iron, as complementary activities of agriculture. The populations became
sedentary. The first forms of social organization also emerged.

14. The factors that contributed to the emergence of exploitation were the execution of tasks.
unproductive by a small group of the population and the emergence of the surplus.

15. Indicate three characteristics of Patrilineal Descent

The children belong to the father's family.

• virilocality, that is, the transfer of the woman to the husband's community upon the
marriage
bride price paid by the groom to the in-laws

The transmission of inheritance is from father to the oldest son.

16. The characteristics of the state are:

The monopolization of power or centralization

The institutionalization of the political hierarchy

Rational legitimation and recognition

17. According to liberal theory, the state is an expression of a rationality inherent to itself.

society, that is, as the expression of the general will of rational human individuals and
books. Thus, the state must ensure the security of social life, must stimulate and enable
the maximum development of the potentialities of individuals. Historically, liberalism
opposes absolutism.

18. a) Management b) Integral c) Administrative productive

19. The implementation of madzimbabwe in high areas surrounded by peasant villages

aimed to demonstrate power, and were physical instruments of domination of a
class and protection.
20. The concentration of traces of prestigious objects inside the walled areas,
contrasting with those of lesser value around them, it is a sample of the profound
social differentiation that existed in the state of Zimbabwe.

21. Factors of Shona Karanga expansion

a) The contradictions that arose between the chiefs of the Rozwi and Torwa clans over control of trade
with the coast; The population increase in a region that is not very fertile, such as the region of the great

Zimbabwe; The reduction of the flow of the Save River, making communication difficult.
coast.

b) The Shona Karanga social formation was characterized by the coexistence of two socio-levels.
economic to the dominant Aristocracy and the village community (musha)

22. The factors of the articulation between the ruling aristocracy and the mushas: Tribute in kind;
Income from work; Holding magical-religious ceremonies.

The state of Mwenemutapa extended from the Indian Ocean to the Kalahari and from the Zambezi to the Limpopo.

24. The vassal states of Mwenemutapa were Sedanda, Quiteve, Bárue, Manica,
Quissanga, Maúngue1. They were the Arabs and the African political formations.

25. It was not trade that created exploitation in Mozambique. Even before the penetration
Foreigners were subjected to some forms of exploitation, especially through taxes.

26. Among the traces of Arab commercial penetration, we can highlight:

Introduction of new plants and animals

Development of navigation techniques and shipbuilding.

The Islamization of the northern coast of Mozambique, that is, the adoption of the religion, habits, of

clothing and other Arab practices.

Emergence of new linguistic groups - Naharra on the Island of Mozambique, Koti in

Angoche, Kimwani in Moma

28 -- B 29 -- B 30 -- B

31. Between 1505 and 1607, there were ongoing efforts by the Portuguese to control the
trade of the Mwenemutapa, in a context of almost always hostile relations.

32. a) Guarantee to the Portuguese of the free movement of people and goods; a
obligation of Mwenemutapa to consult the Portuguese captain of Massapa before taking
any decision; the permission for the merchants to enter the court of Mwenemutapa without
respect the protocol; the authorization for the construction of churches, canteens, etc.

32. b) The survey of 1693 was motivated by the discontent that settled in the state.
in light of the new framework created by the agreement of 1629.

33. The lands were donated by the mambo, purchased or taken by military force.

34. The tensions between the crown and the leaseholders resulted from the fact that the leaseholders had occupied

the lands at their own risk and therefore do not agree to submit to the demands of the
crown.

35. For the deadlines, the trafficking of slaves constituted one of the factors for their disintegration.

as the pleasure-seekers began to sell the a-chikunda that were their arm
armed

36–A 37 -- B 38–C 39 –D 40 --- C 41–B 42–B 43 –B

The cycle of slavery began in the mid-18th century and extended until the early
of the 20th century

The causes of the slave trade were the interest of Europeans in obtaining slaves for
your plantations in the Americas, and the ambition of African chiefs to amass wealth in
cost of the slave trade.

46 --- B 47–B 48 --- C 49 a) F b) F c) F d) V e) V f) F

50 --- C 51–C C 54—B 55—B 56—C 57—B 58—B

59–C 60–C 61–C 62 –C

61. Religious ideologies became the support of African resistance because of their legitimacy
the chiefs was consecrated by a ritual investiture, in addition to the defense of sovereignty,
he relied on symbols and religious concepts.

62. Consider as response alternatives

movement against slavery

missionary movement

The Scientific Curiosity and the Spirit of Adventure

impact of the Industrial Revolution

63–B 64–B

65. a) Not being an imperialist power, Portugal got involved in the imperialist race,
through the sponsorship granted by the great international capital and embarked on
occupation, colonization and administration of Mozambique, through a complex game of
concessions and tactical alliances with the various colonial powers.

b) In this context, the Portuguese colonial state emerged as a mediator between imperialism
in the hunt for colonial superprofits, and in the exploitation of human and natural resources

Mozambique

67. a) The Pink Map is what the plan of Portugal for the occupation of ...
Southern Africa. This plan arose in the context of the partition of Africa, shortly after the Conference of

Berlin.

b) The conflict between Portugal and England emerged as a result of the English challenge to the map
pink. Since there was no agreement on this issue, the conflict evolved into
the military confrontation with the Portuguese having been defeated. The Portuguese government had to

to submit to the English ultimatum thus causing the failure of the Pink Map idea.

68–B

69. a) V b) V c) F d) F

70. b), c)

71. Two examples that show that between 1870 and 1885 the economy of southern Mozambique
evolved connected to the South African economy are diamond mining in Kimberley and gold
in Lyndenburg.

These activities led to an increase in the migration of Mozambicans to South Africa between
other implications.

72. b)

73. solutions: a) V b) V c) F d) F

74. a)

75. c), d)

76. a), d, e,

77. ( ) ---D
78 A( V) B( V) C ( F) D ( F)

79 ---C

80. The difficulties faced by Portugal in the conquest of the center of Mozambique
the great military capacity of the kingdoms and states of the Zambezi valley, thanks to the
slave trade that allowed them to obtain weapons and ammunition.

81. a) The Portuguese managed to subjugate Bárue in 1902 due to the large number of
reinforcements coming from Angola, Inhambane, Lourenço Marques, and northern Mozambique; innovations

technologies in armament and tactical errors and desertions

b) The reasons for the Bárue revolt of 1917 were:

The construction of a road connecting Tete to Macequece passing through Báruè, the increase of
taxes and the recruitment of 5,000 men for the war against the Germans.

In the north of Mozambique, the Portuguese faced strong resistance from

populations that had guerrilla warfare as a combat technique, using the ecological environment as
arms and avoiding confrontation in open field. On the other hand, the warriors of the North

they knew the firearms that they acquired in exchange for slaves, although their use
was limited by the difficulty of obtaining ammunition. They also knew techniques of
fight like Wita and Otiman.

83—C 84 ---B 85--A 86 ---B 87–B

88. a) F b) T c) F d) F

89—C 90 ---A 91---A 92 – A

93—D 94—A B
B 102—A 103—A

104.

A( ) V B( ) F C( ) F D( ) V