PCB DESIGNING &

INTERNET OF THINGS

INTERNSHIP REPORT 2025

Submitted by
PADMANABAN R
Roll No.71772214307

Under the Guidance of

Shri. SUNDARAMOORTHY, CEO
M/s. SUNSHIV ELECTRONIC SOLUTIONS, COIMBATORE
Shri. LOGESHWARI
M/s. EMGLITZ TECHNOLOGIES, COIMBATORE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING
GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
(An Autonomous Institution - affiliated to Anna University)
COIMBATORE 641013 TAMILNADU

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 GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
(An Autonomous Institution - affiliated to Anna University)
COIMBATORE 641013 TAMILNADU

Register No. 71772214307

Certified that this is the Bonafide Report done by Padmanaban R of
VI Semester B.E. Electronics and Communication Engineering
branch during the year 2024-2025.

Submitted for the Internship Viva-Voce on ………………………

at Government of College Technology, Coimbatore 641013.

Department of Consultative Committee Members:

Committee Member 1 Committee Member 2 Committee Member 3

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

S. NO. CONTENT PAGE NO.

1. DECLARATION 5

2. INTERNSHIP DETAILS 6

SUNSHIV ELECTRONIC SOLUTIONS

3. ABOUT THE COMPANY 7

4. COURSE DESCRIPTION 7

5. TYPES OF ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS 8

6. TYPES OF PCB 12

7. DESIGNED CIRCUIT BOARD 17

8. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 23

9. PCB DESIGN IN EAGLE 25

10. CONCLUSION 28

11. INTERNSHIP CERTIFICATE 29

EMGLITZ TECHNOLOGIES

1. ABOUT THE COMPANY 30

2. INTERNET OF THINGS 31

3 3
3. ESP32 MICRO CONTROLLER 33

4. BLYNK APPLICATION AND BLYNK C 34

PROGRAMMING
5. LEARNING IOT BLYNK WIDGETS 35

6. SENSOR INTERFACING WITH BLYNK AND 36

CONTROLLING THROUGH IOT
7. PROJECT DEVELOPMENT: A LOW-COST 37
MONITORING SYSTEM FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM
USING IOT TECHNIQUE
8. CONCLUSION 41

9. INTERNSHIP CERTIFICATE 42

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DECLARATION:

I hereby declare that this internship report entitled “ PCB DESIGNING &
INTERNET OF THINGS” is prepared by me during Sixth Semester in the
academic year 2024 - 2025 under the companies “SUNSHIV ELECTRONIC
SOLUTIONS” from 21.01.2024 to 04.02.2025 and “EMGLITZ
TECHNOLIGIES” from 10.07.2025 to 23.07.2025

PADMANABAN R
Roll No.71772214307

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INTERNSHIP DETAILS:

INTERNSHIP PCB DESIGNING, INTERNET OF THINGS

TITLE ASSEMBLING
COMPANY NAME SUNSHIV ELECTRONIC EMGLITZ TECHNOLOGIES
SOLUTIONS
LOCATION 245, NEW SIDDHAPUDUR, GK SUNDARAM
GANDHIPURAM, STREET,K.K.PUDUR,SAI
COIMBATORE BABA
COLONY,COIMBATORE
DURATION 2 WEEKS(21.01.2025 TO 2 WEEKS(10.07.2025 TO
04.02.2025) 23.07.2025)
GUIDE Shri. SUNDARAMOORTHY Shri. LOGESHWARI

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 SUNSHIV ELECTRONICS REPORT

ABOUT THE COMPANY

SUNSHIV ELECTRONIC SOLUTIONS was established in the year of
1994, to cater industrial needs in Electronics automation and PCB
Designing and Manufacturing.

They have their own integrated setup for:

 Computer aided PCB (Printed Circuit Board) Designing

 Manufacturing of single and Double sided PCBs
 Assembling of PCBs
 Trouble shooting of electronic PCB kits
 Industrial customization Electronic Projects
 Industrial HANDS – ON – TRAINING for Students to elevate
them from engineer to industry ready engineer

COURSE DESCRIPTION
PRODUCT DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING

Product design is the process of ideating, developing, and refining products that
meet specific market needs and solve user problems. A product designer helps
create products that delight customers by defining product and business goals,
and anticipating market opportunities and user needs.

The course involved creating drawing and schematic diagrams, Live

demonstration of electronic components, PCB designing, Trouble shooting,
Circuit creation-Fundamentals, Reverse Engineering Technology and
manufacturing of two industrial products using PCB.

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TYPES OF ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS

ELECTRONIC
COMPONENTS

PCB hole Surface Mount

mountable Device(SMD)
PCB HOLE MOUNTABLE

 Carbon film resistors

 Diodes
 Rectifier diodes
 Inductors
 Capacitors (Axial-Leaded)

There are two types of through-hole components by lead connections - axial

and radial lead components. Axial leads run through a component in a straight
line (axially), with each end of the lead wire attached to the component on
either end. On the other hand, radial lead components protrude from the board,
as its leads are located on one side of the component.

SURFACE MOUNT DEVICE

Surface-mount devices (SMDs) are electronic components mounted directly to

the surface of a printed circuit board (PCB). They have largely replaced

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 through-hole technology (THT) components, which require holes to be drilled in
the PCB for installation. SMD components are preferred due to their smaller
size and higher component density, which allows for more compact and efficient
circuit design. The basic types of SMD components include resistors,
capacitors, and inductors.

COMPONENT VALUE FINDING METHODS

COLOUR CODING

Resistor Color Coding uses colored bands to quickly identify a resistors resistive
value and its percentage of tolerance with the physical size of the resistor
indicating its wattage rating.
Generally, the resistance value, tolerance, and wattage rating are printed on the
body of a resistor as numbers or letters when the resistors body is big enough to
read the print, such as large power resistors.
But when a resistor is smaller (example: 1/4 watt carbon or film type), the print
is too small to read, so the specifications must be shown in another

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 way.

1. NUMERIC METHOD

Because of the small size of SMD resistors, there is often not room for the
traditional color band code to be printed on them. Therefore, new resistor SMD
codes were developed. The most commonly seen codes are the three and four
digit system and an Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) system called EIA-96.
In these systems, the first two or three digits indicate the numerical resistance
value of the resistor and the last digit gives a multiplier. The number of the last
digit indicates the power of ten by which to multiply the given resistor value.
Here are some examples of values under this system.

Three digit system

450 = 45 Ω x 100 is 45 Ω
273 = 27 Ω x 103 is 27,000 Ω (27 kΩ)

2. ALPHA NUMERIC METHOD

Standard-tolerance SMD resistors use a 3-digit code to mark the resistance value
on the part. The first two numbers will indicate the significant digits, and the
third will be the multiplier. 'R' is used to indicate the position of a decimal point.
R and E alphabets in the resistor denote Ohms.

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PCB (PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS)

A printed circuit board (PCB), also called printed wiring board (PWB), is a
medium used to connect or "wire" components to one another in a circuit. It
takes the form of a laminated sandwich structure of conductive and insulating
layers: each of the conductive layers is designed with a pattern of traces, planes
and other features (similar to wires on a flat surface) etched from one or more
sheet layers of copper laminated onto and/or between sheet layers of a non-
conductive substrate.Electrical components may be fixed to conductive pads on
the outer layers in the shape designed to accept the component's terminals,
generally by means of soldering, to both electrically connect and mechanically
fasten them to it.

Printed circuit boards are used in nearly all electronic products. Alternatives to
PCBs include wire wrap and point-to-point construction, both once popular but
now rarely used. PCBs require additional design effort to lay out the circuit, but
manufacturing and assembly can be automated. Electronic design automation
software is available to do much of the work of layout.

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TYPES OF PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS:

Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are classified into various types based on
manufacturing processes, design specifications, and application requirements
such as medical, automotive, defense, and space. More complex designs based
on consumers’ needs and requirements pave the way for manufacturing
different types of PCB boards. Before you pick a PCB, you must look for a few
considerations like space required, stress handling, and mechanical and
electrical stability.

The different types of PCBs available are:

 Single-Sided PCBs
 Double-Sided PCBs
 Multilayer PCBs
 Flexible PCBs

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Single-Sided PCBs:

A single-sided PCB is the most common type of printed circuit board. It has a
single conductive copper layer above the substrate. The electrical components
are soldered or placed on one side of the board, and the entire etched circuit is
visible on the other. Since these boards only have one conducting layer, the
conductive paths cannot intersect or overlap and hence take up a lot of space.

As a result, these PCBs are suitable for low-density design requirements. Single-
sided printed circuit boards (PCBs) are used for basic and low-cost
electrical/electronic instruments such as calculators, power supplies, LED
lighting boards, FM radios, timing circuits, and so on.

Advantages of Single-Sided PCBs:

 Cost-effective
 Easy to manufacture
 Suitable for low-density designs
 Easy to repair if in case something goes wrong
 Easy to design

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Double-Sided PCBs:

A thin layer of conducting material, such as copper, is added to both the top and
bottom sides of the board in a double-sided PCB. Holes in the circuit board
allow metal parts to be connected from one side to the other. These PCBs
connect the circuits on either side using one of two mounting methods, through-
hole technology or surface mount technology. Through-hole technology entails
installing lead components into pre-drilled holes on the circuit board, which are
then soldered to pads on opposite sides. Surface mount technology entails the
precise placement of electrical components on the surface of circuit boards.

Double-sided PCBs are used in a variety of applications such as cell phone

systems, power monitoring, test equipment, amplifiers, HVAC application,
UPS system, and many more.

Advantages of Double-Sided PCBs:

 Reduced size which makes circuit compact
 Relatively lower cost
 More flexible
 Increased circuit density
 Suitable for advanced electronic systems

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Multi-Layer PCBs:

Multilayer PCBs have more than two copper layers. In general, any board
featuring at least three conductive layers is included in this category. Multilayer
PCBs are designed in a ‘sandwich’ fashion, with several double-sided
conductive layers divided by an equal number of insulating material sheets. All
of these must be bonded and laminated together under high pressures and
temperatures to ensure that no air gaps exist and that the final PCB assembly is
properly stable.

Multi-layer PCBs are used in computers, laptops, mobile phones, tablets, medical
equipment, GPS trackers, and many other more complex circuits and devices.

Advantages of Multi Layer PCBs:

 Compact in size
 More robust
 High level of design flexibility
 Suitable for high-speed circuits

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Flexible PCBs:

A flexible printed circuit board is made up of many printed circuits and

components that are arranged on a flexible substrate. Flexible PCBs are
commonly made from polyamide, PEEK (Polyether ether ketone), or a
transparent conductive polyester film. Flex circuit boards, flex PCBs, flex
circuits, and versatile printed circuits are other names for these circuit boards.
These printed circuit boards are made using the same components as rigid
printed circuit boards. The main distinction is that the board is designed to
flex to the desired form throughout the application. These PCBs are available
in single-sided, double-sided, and multilayer configurations. This contributes
to a reduction in the complexity of the unit assembly.

Flex PCBs are used in organic light emitting diode (OLED) fabrication, LCD
fabrication, flex solar cell, automotive industries, cellular telephones, cameras,
and complex electronics products such as laptop computers.

Advantages of Flexible PCBs:

 Save space
 Eliminate connectors
 Thermal management
 Increase reliability and repeatability
 Provide uniform electrical characteristics for high-speed circuitry
 Suitable for applications where high signal trace density is needed

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 DESIGNED CIRCUIT BOARD:

i) LED Chaser Circuit

This LED chaser circuit sequentially turns ON and OFF a series of LEDs one after
another, creating a "running" or "moving" light effect. It's often used in
decorative lighting or for learning basic electronics involving ICs.

Component Value / Part Number Quantity Purpose

Timer IC NE555 Generates clock pulses

Decade Counter IC CD4017 Drives LEDs sequentially

Resistors 330Ω 10 Current limiting for LEDs
Part of 555 timer timing
Resistor 10kΩ
circuit
Adjusts the speed of LED chasing
Potentiometer (POT) 100kΩ
Electrolytic Capacitor 1000μF / 25V Power supply smoothing
Ceramic Capacitor (if any)
~0.01μF or 0.1μF (assumed) or 2 (not clearly seen)
Noise filtering for 555 timer
Diodes 1N4007 Power protection
Standard 5mm LEDs (any
LEDs 10 Visual output (chasing effect)
color)
Connecting Wires (Red & Black) Power input
Custom Printed Circuit Board Holds and connects all components
PCB

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ii)Water Level Indicator

This is a Water Level Indicator Circuit equipped with LED indications and a
buzzer alarm.
It is designed to monitor the water level in a tank and alert when the tank is
full or reaches a critical level. As the water level rises inside the tank, it comes
into contact with various sensor points.
Each sensor point is connected to a circuit input, and when activated, turns on a
corresponding LED to indicate the specific water level.

Component Specification/Value Quantity Purpose

IC CD4066 1 Quad bilateral switch for control

Resistors 330Ω 7 Current limiting for LEDs
LEDs 5mm (any color) 7 Water level indication
Buzzer 5V DC 1 Alarm for full tank
Electrolytic Capacitor 1000µF / 25V 1 Power supply filtering
Connector Pins
7-Pin Male Header (CN1) 1 set Connection for sensor probes
(Header)

Wires Red and Black 2 Power input wires

PCB Custom Designed Board 1 Mounting all components

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ABOUT EAGLE :

EAGLE is a scriptable electronic design automation (EDA) application with

schematic capture, printed circuit board (PCB) layout, auto-router and
computer- aided manufacturing (CAM) features. EAGLE stands for Easily
Applicable Graphical Layout Editor and is developed by CadSoft Computer
GmbH. The company was acquired by Autodesk Inc. in 2016 who announced to
support the product up to 2026 only.

FEATURES:

EAGLE contains a schematic editor, for designing circuit diagrams.

Schematics are stored in files with .SCH extension, parts are defined in device
libraries with .LBR extension. Parts can be placed on many sheets and
connected together through ports.

EAGLE saves Gerber and PostScript layout files as well as Excellon and Sieb
& Meyer drill files. These are standard file formats accepted by PCB
fabrication companies, but given EAGLE's typical user base of small design
firms and hobbyists, many PCB fabricators and assembly shops also accept
EAGLE board files (with extension .BRD) directly to export optimized
production files and pick-and-place data themselves.

EAGLE provides a multi-window graphical user interface and menu system for
editing, project management and to customize the interface and design
parameters. The system can be controlled via mouse, keyboard hotkeys or by
entering specific commands at an embedded command line. Keyboard hotkeys
can be user defined. Multiple repeating commands can be combined into script
files (with file extension .SCR).

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 STEPS IN PCB DESIGNING:
 Circuit analysis
 Types of components, size of PCB
 Placement of components
 Routing by standards
 Checking the connections
 Playing with layers

CIRCUIT ANALYSIS:

With parts and nets organized on the schematic, the next step is to verify that the
circuit will work the intended way. To verify this, employ circuit simulations in a
simulation program with the Integrated Circuit Emphasis tool. These tools allow
PCB engineers to test the circuits they are designing before building the actual
hardware. As such, they can save time and money, making these tools an essential
part of the PCB design process.

The design tools that PCB designers use have many different capabilities,
including the ability to set up design rules and constraints that will keep distinct
nets from overlapping while maintaining the correct amount of distance to
different objects. There are multiple additional aids available to the designer, such
as design grids that can help to place components and route traces in a neat and
orderly manner.

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PLACEMENT OF COMPONENTS:

With your design database set up correctly and the network connectivity
information imported from the schematic, the physical layout of the circuit
board is the next task. The first step is to place the component footprints within
the board outline in the EAGLE system.

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connections displayed as a “ghost-line” image to show the designer which parts
they connect to. Placing these parts for their best performance while being
mindful of connectivity, areas of excessive heat and electrical noise, and other
physical obstructions such as connectors, cables, and mounting hardware is a
task that designers will gain with experience. The demands of the circuit alone
are not the only constraining factor: designers must consider placing the
components so that they can be best assembled by the manufacturer.
Once all components are placed, connect them using the “Net” tool by drawing
green lines between their pins. These nets represent electrical connections and
will show green dots at proper junctions. After completing the schematic design
and connections, switch to the board layout by clicking the “Generate/Switch to
Board” icon. Eagle will prompt you to create a new board based on your
schematic—confirm by clicking “Yes.” In the board layout window, all the
components will appear grouped on one side of the board outline. Use the
“Move” tool to arrange these components logically within the board area,
ensuring minimal trace lengths and appropriate grouping of related
components. You can rotate components using the “Rotate” tool to optimize
space and orientation.
Before proceeding further, perform a Design Rule Check (DRC) by navigating
to “Tools” → “DRC” to ensure your layout meets all spacing and clearance
requirements. Finally, save your design frequently using “File” → “Save.”
Once all components are properly placed and the layout is verified, you can
begin routing the traces manually using the “Route” tool, or optionally use the
Auto Router for simpler designs.

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ROUTING BY STANDARDS:
With the components placed (although they can be moved as needed), it is time
to connect the nets. This is done by converting the rubber-band net connections
into drawn traces and planes. EAGLE tools contain many features that enable
the designer to do this, including some automated routing features that save
ample time. Great care must be taken when routing to make sure that the nets
are the correct length for the signals they are conducting as well as to ensure
they do not cross areas of excessive noise. This can result in cross-talk or other
signal integrity problems that may degrade the performance of the built board.

CHECKING THE CONNECTIONS:

With the component placement, trace routing, and power and ground planes
finished, your PCB design is nearly complete. The next step is to run a final
rules check on it and set up the different text and markings that will be silk
screened on the exterior layers. This will help others find components and label
the board with names, dates, and copyright information. At the same time,
drawings will need to be output that will be used during manufacturing to both
fabricate and assemble the final board. PCB designers will also use their tools
to come up with cost estimates for building the board.

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PLAYING WITH LAYERS:

At this point, the board is ready to be built, and the first step is to send the
output data files to a facility for fabrication. This process includes etching all of
the traces and planes onto the different metal layers and compressing them
together, producing a bare board that is ready for assembly.

At the assembly facility, the board is loaded with the components it needs and
runs through different soldering processes, depending on the type of
components being used. Then the board is inspected and tested and the final
product is ready to be shipped.

SCHEMATIC IN EAGLE:
PCB design in EAGLE is a two-step process. First you design your schematic,
then you lay out a PCB based on that schematic. EAGLE's board and schematic
editors work hand-in-hand. A well-designed schematic is critical to the overall
PCB design process. It will help you catch errors before the board is fabricated,
and it'll help you debug a board when something doesn't work.

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CIRCUITS DIAGRAMS:

TIMER – ADJUSTABLE 1 TO 10 MINUTES:

LIGHT SENSITIVE ALARM:

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SEQUENCER WITH 3 SECONDS INTERVAL:

Revolutions Per Second (RPS) Meter:

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MODULATION TRANSFORMER
(AUDIO OUTPUT TRANSFORMER):

BOARD (PCB DESIGN) IN EAGLE:

TIMER – ADJUSTABLE 1 TO 10 MINUTES:

27
LIGHT SENSITIVE ALARM:

SEQUENCER WITH 3 SECONDS INTERVAL:

28
 Revolutions Per Second (RPS) Meter:

MODULATION TRANSFORMER (AUDIO OUTPUT

TRANSFORMER):

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CONCLUSION:

The internship report has presented an excellent opening for us to explore the
PCB (PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD) from the start of the internship three
words are pushed into mind hard work, smart work and excellence. In the
internship we get a clear view of how these three qualities make difference.

These 2 weeks of internship is one of the best times I have passed in my

academic life. I am really thankful to SUNSHIV ELECTRONIC
SOLUTIONS for presenting me a chance of achieving a practical experience
from the industry. The hardware and software skills I acquired from the course
will certainly help me in my future life.

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INTERNSHIP CERTIFICATE:

31
 EMGLITZ TECHNOLOGIES REPORT

ABOUT THE COMPANY

EMGLITZ TECHNOLOGIES is a leading provider of advanced technology

solutions, established to cater to the growing demand in the field of Internet of Things
(IoT) using platforms like Blynk and microcontrollers like the ESP32.
Their commitment to quality leads them to set a remarkable market share in the IoT
and Embedded Systems sector.
They strive the drive of the commitment continuously to ensure user-friendly design
and error-free IoT applications in service.
They are in commitment to improve Quality of Product / Equipments of their client
with Dedication and Technology.
They provide complete guidance and support to the students of various colleges in
executing the project work with IoT-based automation.
By this exclusive Industrial Training, they provide tailor made solutions to ensure
success and prosperous future, by shaping the student as “INDUSTRY READY
ENGINEER”.

INTERNET OF THINGS
The Internet of Things (IoT) is poised to fundamentally transform
communications, global IT support systems, automation, and business processes in
virtually every industry vertical. IoT originally was manifest in machine-to machine
communications primarily for asset monitoring and logistics within a few industries
such as gas and electric utilities, vending, and fleet management. IoT is evolving to
incorporate increasingly greater aspects of the business ecosystem including supply
chain monitoring and control, CRM, and PLM. In addition to enhanced PLM, IoT
will facilitate products as services in an “as a service” model, services within a
product, and services within a service.

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ESP32 MICRO CONTROLLER:

Getting started with the Arduino IoT Cloud has never been easier; simply sign up for
free today and follow the guides to connect a device to start your project. Arduino
IoT Cloud is fully integrated in the Arduino Create ecosystem, you will be able to
generate a template code in Arduino IoT Cloud and then edit and upload it to your
board using the Arduino Web Editor. The arduino comes with an ATMEGA
microcontroller that processes the data and facilitates the proper working of the IoT
system. And the beauty is that the Arduino can be programmed 'n' number of times
making it possible for you to build various types of IoT projects just by changing a
simple code.

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BLYNK APPLICATION AND BLYNK C PROGRAMMING:

Blynk is an IoT platform for iOS or Android smartphones that is used to control
Arduino, Raspberry Pi and NodeMCU via the Internet. This application is used to
create a graphical interface or human machine interface (HMI) by compiling and
providing the appropriate address on the available widgets. Blynk app opens mutual
ssl/tls connection to Blynk Cloud on port 443 (9443 for local servers). Blynk Cloud is
responsible for forwarding messages between hardware and app. In both (app and
hardware) connections Blynk uses own binary protocol described below. Blynk was
designed for the Internet of Things. It can control hardware remotely, it can display
sensor data, it can store data, vizualize it and do many other cool things.

There are three major components in the platform: Blynk App - allows to you create
amazing interfaces for your projects using various widgets we provide. Blynk Server
- responsible for all the communications between the smartphone and hardware. You
can use our Blynk Cloud or run your private Blynk server locally. It’s open-source,
could easily handle thousands of devices and can even be launched on a Raspberry
Pi. Blynk Libraries - for all the popular hardware platforms - enable communication
with the server and process all the incoming and outcoming commands. Now
imagine: every time you press a Button in the Blynk app, the message travels to space
the Blynk Cloud, where it magically finds its way to your hardware. It works the
same in the opposite direction and everything happens in a blynk of an eye.

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LEARNING IOT BLYNK WIDGETS:

The Blynk App contains an impressive range of pre-built widgets that you can use to
represent data sent from your IoT device and/or control your IoT device.

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SENSOR INTERFACING WITH BLYNK AND CONTROLLING
THROUGH IOT:
Wireless monitoring of temperature and humidity through IoT with the help of Blynk
Application. We can able to monitor the real time temperature and humidity values in
our mobile phone. The increase or decrease in temperature and humidity range will
be displayed on the blynk widget.
HARDWARES REQUIRED
The hardware requirements are arduino, temperature sensor(DHT 11) , red led light,
arduino usb cable and some connecting wires. Connect all the hardwares to the
pins mentioned in the program.

SAMPLE PROGRAM
#define BLYNK_PRINT SwSerial
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
SoftwareSerial SwSerial(10, 11); // RX, TX
#include <BlynkSimpleStream.h>
#include <DHT.h>
char auth[] = "kTJEI89TA3smr6yywsaew4r";
#define DHTPIN 2
#define DHTTYPE DHT11 // DHT 11
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);
BlynkTimer timer;
void sendSensor(){
float h = dht.readHumidity();
float t = dht.readTemperature(); // or dht.readTemperature(true) for Fahrenheit
if (isnan(h) || isnan(t)) {
SwSerial.println("Failed to read from DHT sensor!");
return;
}
Blynk.virtualWrite(V5, h);
Blynk.virtualWrite(V6, t);
}

36
 void setup(){
SwSerial.begin(9600);
Serial.begin(9600);
Blynk.begin(Serial, auth);
dht.begin();
timer.setInterval(1000L, sendSensor);
}
void loop(){
Blynk.run();
timer.run();
}
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT:

A LOW-COST MONITORING SYSTEM FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM USING

IOT TECHNIQUE
OBJECTIVE:

The main objective of this project is to get an optimum power output from the solar
panels during dust is accumulated on it. A solar panel is used that keeps monitoring
the sunlight. Here different parameters like voltage, current and temperature are
monitored using IOT technology.

EXISTING SYSTEM:
Establishment of the Solar Parks have the potential of reducing the cost of electricity
from solar power. The sensors are used to monitor and collect the information about
the climatic condition of the farm like temperature, humidity, day/night mode and
also to check the power generated on the field. GSM-based Wireless Sensor Network
(WSN) has the features of high bandwidth and rate, non-line-transmission ability,
large-scale data collection and high cost effective, realized with Zigbee. For the
wireless section, GSM type network has been used because it is modern wireless
sensor networks. Development of Real-Time atomization of solar power system with
various parameters being controlled by a microcontroller and maintained using the
low power by adaption of wireless technology.

37
PROPOSED SYSTEM:

In the Proposed system, Arduino uno microcontroller is used here to interfacing with
solar panel and sensors. Panel voltage is obtained by applying in voltage sensor in
voltage divider circuit. The current is sensed by current sensing circuit and
temperature by temperature sensor. All the data is then transmitted to remote server
with the help of microcontroller which transfers the data to cloud through Internet of
Things. The cloud data is retrieved by user using mobile application called Blynk.
The proposed system for monitoring the solar module using IoT, helps to implement
a low cost monitoring system. The parameters voltage, current and temperature are
monitored by using the sensor mounted on PV panel and Power Conditioning Units
(PCU).
For sensing the voltage, voltage sensor is used in the methodology, we can see
that the power flow of the model is explained in that the solar radiance energy i.e.
sunlight from the source sun is trapped by solar panels the solar panel converts the
solar energy into electrical energy. This electrical energy is then sensed by various
sensors such as voltage generated by solar panel is sensed by voltage sensor for
measuring voltage with the help of voltage divider principle and current produced by
solar panel is measured by current sensor module and temperature or heat energy
available or fall on solar panel is tracked by the temperature sensor. All collected
data of voltage, current and temperature sensor is then fed to Arduino Uno
microcontroller which converts the signals into digital using serial interface and
microcontroller unit acts as a gateway and sends this data over the cloud server and
then this data is accessed via user over the Blynk mobile application. The real time
location will also be tracked and displayed on the mobile application. In case if any
sensor value varied then an alarm system will also turn ON.

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 LED PROJECT :

PUSH BUTTON PROJECT:

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LED PROJECT 2:

SLIDE SWITCH PROJECT:

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CONCLUSION:
The IoT provides a platform that creates opportunities for people to connect these
devices and control them with big data technology, which in return will promote
efficiency in performance, economic benefits and minimize the need for human
involvement. Blynk was designed for the Internet of Things. It can control hardware
remotely, it can display sensor data, it can store data, vizualize it and do many other
cool things. It is very easy to use and is a great tool for bluetooth capability with
microcontrollers. It supports all controllers like arduino, raspberry pi etc. Everything
with blynk seems easy.

INTERNSHIP CERTIFICATE:

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PROJECT COMPLETION CERTIFICATE:

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