Answers to PIC (Unit 2) Questions
1. Define Type Casting: Type casting is the process of
converting a variable from one data type to another.
Example:
float x = 9.8;
int y = (int)x; // y becomes 9
2. Functions Explanation:
getchar(): Reads a single character from standard input.
putchar(): Writes a single character to standard output.
getch(): Reads a single character without displaying it on
the screen.
putch(): Displays a single character on the console.
3. Use of printf() and scanf() with Examples:
printf():Displays formatted output.
scanf(): Reads formatted input. Example:
int num;
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d", &num);
printf("You entered: %d\n", num);
4. Formatted Input with Examples:
int a;
float b;
printf("Enter an integer and a float: ");
scanf("%d %f", &a, &b);
printf("You entered: %d and %.2f\n", a, b);
5. Logical AND Operator Program:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main() {
int x = 1, y = 0;
clrscr();
if (x && y) {
printf("Both are true");
} else {
printf("At least one is false");
}
getch();
}
6. Increment and Decrement Operator:
Increment (++) and Decrement (--) Examples:
int x = 5;
printf("%d\n", ++x); // Pre-increment
printf("%d\n", x--); // Post-decrement
7. User-defined Function:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void greet() {
printf("Hello, User!\n");
}
void main() {
clrscr();
greet();
getch();
}
8. Conditional Operator:
int a = 5, b = 10;
int max = (a > b) ? a : b;
printf("Max: %d\n", max);
9. Four Keywords in C:
int: Declares integer variables.
float: Declares floating-point variables.
if: Conditional statement.
return: Returns a value from a function.
10. Bitwise Operators:
&: AND
|: OR
^: XOR
~: NOT
Example:
int a = 5, b = 3;
printf("%d\n", a & b);
11. Generic Structure of C Program:
#include <stdio.h>
void main() {
printf("Hello World\n");
}
12. Format Specifiers:
%d: Integer
%f: Float
%c: Character
%s: String
Example:
int x = 10;
printf("Value: %d\n", x);
13. Arithmetic and Logical Operators:
Arithmetic: +, -, *, /, %
Logical: &&, ||, !
Example:
printf("%d\n", 10 + 5);
printf("%d\n", (1 && 0));
14. Formatted Input/Output Statements:
int num;
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d", &num);
printf("You entered: %d\n", num);
15. Special Operators:
sizeof():
Returns the size of a data type
,: Comma operator
*: Pointer operator
.: Member access operator
Example:
int x = 5;
printf("Size: %d\n", sizeof(x));
16. Definitions:
Identifier: Name for variables, functions, etc.
Token: Smallest element in a program.
17. Operator Precedence and Associativity:
Precedence determines operation order; associativity
resolves ties (left-to-right or right-to-left).
18. Four Types of C Language:
Procedural
Structured
Modular
Functional
19. Relational Operators:
==: Equal
!=: Not equal
<: Less than
>=: Greater than or equal
Example:
int a = 5, b = 10;
printf("%d\n", a < b); // Outputs 1
20. Descriptions:
Keyword: Reserved word, e.g., if
Identifier: Name for variable, function
Variable: Data storage
Constant: Fixed value
21. Short Notes:
Escape Sequence Characters: \n, \t
Conversion Specification Characters: %d, %f
22. Difference Between gets() and getchar():
gets():Reads an entire string.
getchar(): Reads a single character.
23. Purpose of scanf(): Reads formatted input from the
user.
24. Output of Given Program: Corrected Output:
value of v1:10
value of v2:11
25. Data Types in C:
int: 2 or 4 bytes
float: 4 bytes
char: 1 byte
double: 8 bytes
