Mist

Introduction to Fog
Fog(1914) is not a novel. It is a "nivola," according to its author.Miguel de Unamuno.Although that new genre created
Although Unamuno did not have much of a following, it is true that Niebla is one of the most important works of fiction by the writer.
Vasco. The book addresses the insecurity of the modern man who worries about his fate and his mortality, a theme
Unamunian forantonomasia
The title is loaded with meaning, given that the book blurs the line between fiction and reality. They are also
vague descriptions of the physical characteristics of characters and places, and even questions the nature of existence
human.

Argument
TheprotagonistHe is Augusto Pérez, a rich young man and professional. He is an only child and when his widowed mother passes away, Augusto does not
he knows what to do with his life. By chance, he meets a pianist, Eugenia Domingo del Arco, and begins to court her.
but Eugenia rejects him because she already has a boyfriend. Augusto forms a friendship with Rosario, one of the maids of
Eugenia begins to question the female sex and wonders if women have souls and if they can be trusted.
they.
As an experiment, Augusto asks Eugenia to marry him to see how she would respond. Eugenia, who at that moment
At that moment, she had fought with her boyfriend Mauricio, and she decides to accept his marriage proposal. However, shortly before
From the wedding, Augusto receives a letter from Eugenia in which she tells him that she has decided not to marry him and that she is going to leave.
the provinces with Mauricio to live off a job that Augusto had gotten for him.

After receiving this news, Augusto contemplates suicide. But before that, he decides to go to Salamanca to see Don Miguel de
Unamuno. In his visit, the writer tells Augusto that he does not exist, that he is only a fictional character in his book and that
he is destined to die, not to commit suicide. Augusto discusses with Don Miguel--who plays the role of God in the life of the
character as the author of the book--and begs him not to kill him. Augusto returns home very confused and there he dies at
side of his dog Orpheus. It is unknown whether Augusto killed himself or if Don Miguel killed him. Victor says in the prologue that Augusto
he committed suicide. Unamuno says in the post-prologue that he decreed Augusto's death.

Topics
Immortality: The human longing for immortality is a recurring theme in Unamuno's work. In Niebla,
Augusto fights against his destiny, begging the author not to kill him.
The inadequacy of the human being: Augusto is unable to resolve everyday dilemmas, such as whether he should take an umbrella.
He/She also cannot make important decisions, such as whether to get married, or resolve existential dilemmas, such as whether existence is real.
oh no.
Existentialism: Augusto is so lost in his thoughts that he is not present in life, as if he did not exist.
For example, he does not see Eugenia when he passes her on the street because he is so distracted in his thoughts. The theme stands out.
even more in the conversation with Don Miguel at the end of the play, when he tells Augusto that he does not exist.
The equality of women: Augusto questions the equality of women. He is not sure if women have souls and if they can
to be true to one's word; wants to explore these doubts.
Themetafiction:Víctor and Augusto talk about the novel or "nivola" that Víctor is writing. Unamuno, through the
character of Víctor, explains his theory of literature and what a 'nivola' is.
Reality or fiction: As the title Fog suggests, this work blurs the line between reality and fiction. Unamuno gets into
within the fiction and the protagonist discovers that he is just a fictional entity.
Structure and style
In this text, monologues and dialogues predominate, and the scarce narration isomniscient.There is very little description.
to the point where it is unknown where or when the story takes place, nor much about the appearance of the characters. This
the lack of description not only characterizes Unamuno's fiction but almost all the narrative of themodernistsmarking
a break with realism and its detailed descriptions, panoramic presentations, and long paragraphs. Another difference
Between fog and the traditional novel is that the reader has an active role and has to interpret the open ending and decide
how did Augusto die.
The work consists of 33 chapters, a prologue, a post-prologue, and an epilogue. It also includes five interspersed stories.
The convergence of reality and fiction reappears in the authorship of certain parts of the work. Víctor Goti, a character
And friend of Augusto, he is the author of the prologue. The post-prologue was written by Unamuno and the epilogue by the dog Orpheus.

SUMMARY

Chapter I

Augusto was at the door of his house when he noticed it was raining. Aimlessly and not knowing where to head.
walk, began to follow a girl.

This girl arrived at a house, where Augusto interrogated her doorkeeper about who that girl was. She informed him in detail.
and Augusto was rewarded.

Then she sat on a bench to reflect on Eugenia, the girl.

When he got home, he sat down to write to his beloved. When he finished the letter, in which he asked for an opportunity to
to meet each other, went to the Alameda to deliver the letter.

He gave it to the doorkeeper, and he also gave her a coin as a reward. She told him that it was not the first letter she had received.
about suitors, and she told him that she had a prospective boyfriend.

Augusto marched happily to have something to do, a goal, and finally to have a direction in his daily walks.

Chapter III

Augusto ended up at the casino, where he played a game of chess with Víctor, in which he couldn't concentrate because he was thinking about
Eugenia. When she told her friend that she was in love, he wasn't too impressed because he had already known.
Noted. Besides, I already knew Eugenia.

Chapter IV

He arrived home, where he would always play a game of tute with his server before going to bed. While they played, they chatted.
About the marriage and when she mentioned Eugenia, the maid said that she knew her.

Augusto noticed that everyone knew her except for him. He had realized how boring his life had been since
his mother died. Reflecting, he fell asleep.

Chapter V

He was dreaming of an eagle when a voice woke him up and asked for breakfast earlier than usual, and then he went home.
from Eugenia to find out about the news through the doorkeeper. She told her that she had asked her to
She would communicate that she was engaged, something that did not matter to Augusto.

Augusto began to remember his deceased parents. His mother would help him with math. As he thought...
he found an abandoned dog, hungry, which he picked up and took to his home to feed it. He named it Orpheus and it became
in his confidant.

Chapter VI

Augusto was at Eugenia's house when he saw a lady from the second floor taking her canary out into the sun, when
suddenly the cage came apart and fell. Augusto managed to grab the cage and lifted it back to the lady. He told her that she was
about her niece Eugenia, and the aunt told her that she was spoiled.

When Eugenia arrived home, she was informed about Augusto's visit.

Chapter VII

In this chapter, Augusto speaks to his dog Orpheus, reflecting on the things in life, sharing with him his
thoughts; although Orpheus did not truly understand him.

Chapter VIII

Augusto was at his beloved's house, and his uncles told him to wait for her arrival so that he could meet her.
When she arrived, Augusto became very nervous. Upon meeting, she appeared distant, cold, and of strong character.
bother Augusto, but quite the opposite; he was more attracted to that independence. His uncles showed him all their support to
to manage to win over the girl.

Chapter IX

Eugenia was talking to her boyfriend Mauricio. She was asking him to finally make up his mind to get married, otherwise her uncles
they would be pressuring her a lot to marry Augusto, although she didn't like him. He had to look for a job.
once everything would end.

Chapter X
Augusto went out to the Casino, and suddenly he realized that he had been following another girl to her house. To himself
he gave thanks to God for creating such beautiful women. He saw and saw many pretty girls, but none like her.
Eugenia.

Suddenly he ran into Víctor, who asked him where he was heading since he had been waiting for him at the casino. Augusto
then he told her that since he fell in love with Eugenia, he found all the girls beautiful, something he didn't understand,
but Victor explained to him that what was happening was that he had discovered love, that he was actually not in love with
heart, but from the head.

At his house, he talked to Liduvina about the same topic. He wanted to know what it was like to be truly in love.

Chapter XI

Augusto visits Eugenia's house again, where she was waiting for him alone, without her uncles. She tells him that he is deceived, that he has
boyfriend she is in love with. Her aunt cannot understand it, but her uncle defends her freedom of choice, as it is.
anarchist. Augusto, for his part, just wants her happiness, no matter the cost. So he decided to do an act
heroic for her; to pay all the outstanding mortgages of her deceased father.

Chapter XII

The ironer arrived at Augusto's house as usual, but this time Augusto really noticed her, which is
he made her blush. He told her how beautiful she was, and Rosario broke down in tears. Augusto also remembered that
her love was unrequited, and Rosario felt pity for him. So she asked him if she would love him, since Eugenia
No, and Rosario said yes. Then Liduvina caught them and told him that he was really in love because of the silliness that
I had just done.

Chapter XIII

Augusto suddenly receives a visit from Eugenia, which surprised him. She came to ask him why he had
bought the mortgage. I had thought he was doing it to buy her, to win her over, and he got angry. He tried to talk,
to tell her that he only wanted her happiness, but Eugenia did not listen to him.

He walked in distress until he reached a church, where he entered without thinking and found Don Avito, who told him that
In life, you only learn by living. He also told him that he usually went to church even though he didn't even know if he believed...
He recommended that she marry as soon as possible to make up for the loss of her mother, even if it was with a girl she didn't
I wanted.

Chapter XIV

Victor was acting strange, so Augusto asked him. Then he told him his whole story with his wife; that they had not been able to
Having children initially negatively affected the relationship. But once that was overcome, misfortune struck again:
Elena was pregnant! They were going through a tough time again because his wife was embarrassed.

Augusto returned thinking about what his two friends had told him, and then he vented to Orfeo.

Chapter XV

Eugenia arrived home very angry about what Augusto had done and complained to her aunt. She was stunned and replied
she said she had done wrong, because her boyfriend is a jerk who doesn't even have a job. Suddenly the maid informed her that
Don Augusto was waiting to see her, but she didn't want to. When Augusto entered, he found Ermelinda. He told her that
he had unencumbered the house, but he wished for Eugenia to know his true intentions: that he did not want
to buy her, just to make her happy, and to be the godfather of her wedding if she allowed him, as well as to find her a good job.
I worked for Mauricio so they could live well. When they called her, she had already left.

Chapter XVI

Eugenia insists to her boyfriend that he should get his act together and look for a job, or otherwise she would accept Augusto's rent.
Surprisingly, Mauricio encourages him to do so. Suddenly, he opens up and confesses that he is very afraid of marriage;
that he loves her very much but doesn’t feel like working and supporting children, so he suggests she marry someone else.
Augusto and they while they would be lovers. She was shocked by his rudeness and, crying, returned to her home. She lay down and
he got a fever.

Meanwhile, Mauricio was talking to a friend of his and told him that he had started seeing that girl without any strings attached.
commitments and now she was trying to tie him down, something he didn't want. He decided he would be free.

Chapter XVII
Augusto and Víctor were sharing stories about marriages, like that of Don Eloíno, who married the owner of a hotel.
just so that I could take care of him in his last days of life, since he was going to die. But after we got married, he lasted a while longer,
and she ended up cruelly throwing him out of her house. Victor intended to tell this whole story in a novel, a novel
with a lot of dialogue.

Upon arriving home, Rosario was waiting for Augusto.

Chapter XVIII

Augusto told Rosarito to forget about the other day, because it had been madness. But he repeated what he said last time; the
She sat on his knees and spoke to him. She asked if he had a boyfriend and she, while speaking, started to cry on Don's shoulder.
Augusto. He intimidated her. He kissed her again, went half crazy, asked her to accompany him on a trip and told her that
he/she will leave.

When he left, he reflected in bed and realized that he was lying to her and to himself. Together with Orpheus, he gave himself
It accounts for how simple love was, it was the fruit of jealousy, of society; without them, love would not exist.

Chapter XIX

Emelinda and Augusto talked. She explained to him that her niece was regretful of her attitude towards him, and that, without
commitment, she accepted the gift that he had previously offered. Augusto was offended that she tried to take advantage.
about him now that his boyfriend had left him; and he told him that he forgave him, that he accepted his apologies, but only as
friends.

Eugenia, when she was informed of this conversation, still thought that she would easily win him back.

Augusto, upon thinking about it, refused to let that woman try to play with him. There were too many women in the world.
like to worry.

He went out into the street and thought of him, but around everyone he felt very small. He remained seated in a square, full
of trees and children playing and continued thinking and thinking…

Chapter XX

She was deciding whether she would take the planned trip when suddenly Eugenia arrived at her house. She was tempted to decline the
visit, but believed it was better to be strong.

They started talking about their relationship, there was a moment when Augusto kissed her on the forehead and on the eyes, pressing her.
strongly against her chest, but she resisted; it did not clear up. Suddenly Rosario arrived, and Augusto turned white.

Rosario told him that that woman was cheating on him. She said it from the heart, because she had a lot of affection for him and suggested
who would trust her. He was going crazy between the two women and while playing tote with Domingo, he asked him
what one should do when falling in love with two women at the same time. He replied that having a lot of money
I could do whatever I wanted, even marry both of them, because a woman's jealousy only comes when there are children.
of that man.

Chapter XXI

Antonio and Augusto were talking in a little corner of the casino. Antonio was telling him that the woman he had was not his wife.
legitimate, but another. And that despite the fact that her children were hers, she was also married to someone else. Her previous wife
he fell in love with her for being quiet and reserved until one day she left him for another man. Sad and desolate, he decided to visit
and offer hospitality to the woman of the man who had run away with his wife. At first, she rejected his money but
After insisting so much, he ended up accepting. Later, they even went to live together, and Antonio began to grow very fond.
to her "stepdaughter". One day she found out that her wife had a child with her lover and felt like she was dying of jealousy. Since the girl
they asked for a little brother, one night, in a fit of jealousy, they conceived a child.

He was never in love with her, he never felt desire, until during the birth of their fourth child he almost died and then
it was when he realized that he truly loved her.

Chapter XXII

Victor and Augusto talk about marriage; about when one doesn't realize that his wife is aging and becoming unattractive. Victor tells him
he recommends that she doesn't get married, but Augusto wants to do it, and he tells her a Portuguese legend.

Then Augustus gives coins to a poor man with seven children.

Augusto was scared of being so infatuated. He had thought of writing some monographs about women; about
Eugenia and Rosario. For that, I would ask for advice from Antolín S. Paparrigópulos, an intelligent philosopher. He was interested in history.
from Spain, the problems of literature and the study of women. When she went to ask him for advice, he told her that the
women have no personality, that they all belong to a collective soul, and that by studying a single woman one would have
plenty. But Augusto wanted to study two.

Chapter XXIV

Augusto decided to study Liduvina, Rosario, and Eugenia. While he thought that for that psychological test
He would court Eugenia again, Rosarito arrived. He asked her if women should keep the promises they made and
she replied that it was much better not to say a word. They talked and talked when in a fit of rage she threw herself at him.
he grabbed her arms and began to kiss her harshly. He caressed her calves and threw her onto a sofa, but quickly recovered.
the composure and apologized. She could only think that the man was crazy. She had to leave her house when
An odd feeling overwhelmed him upon seeing the maid, and once he was on the street, he relaxed and was able to return.

Chapter XXV

Víctor tells Augusto that the best way to understand female psychology is through marriage, but Augusto doesn't know.
which woman to marry, and he is not too willing either. At the end of the chapter, there is a note from the author.

Chapter XXVI

Augusto returns in search of Eugenia to ask for her hand and she accepts, but forbids him to touch her. But he
he truly wanted to marry her for his experiment, and it had backfired. He felt like a frog when
Your uncles invited you to dinner and offered you the house as if it were your own.

Chapter XXVII

Augusto spent a lot of time at Eugenia's house. He wrote her poems while playing the piano. One day Eugenia
he warned Orpheus that when they got married, he should say goodbye because he doesn't want dogs.

Mauricio, her ex, threatened to compromise her if she didn't find him a good job. Eugenia asked him for help.
August for them, and he looked for a job for him far away.

Chapter XXVIII

Mauricio visits Augusto to thank him for that job. Augusto asked him to leave, not to talk about the
that she was going to be his wife, but Mauricio told her that he was with Rosario and that meant he knew everything that was happening.
what happened between the two of them. Scared, Augusto grabbed him by the neck and threatened him.

After what happened, she didn't know if she had dreamed it or if Mauricio really said all that to her. She had to talk to Orfeo.
to clarify.

Chapter XXIX

The wedding was near. He wanted a modest and intimate one, but she wanted the complete opposite. Sometimes he had panic attacks.
jealousy over Mauricio and Rosario, and he felt angry seeing himself stuck with Eugenia while they laughed at him.

One day, he received a letter from her: she was leaving for the town where Mauricio was assigned to work; she had used him!
He abandoned her and with her Rosario. He was stunned by the news and went to talk to the uncles. They couldn't do anything,
They were also shocked by the news and the way of doing things of the niece. She cried a lot when she realized.
It accounts for the fact that both Mauricio and Eugenia, and even Rosario, were laughing at him.

Chapter XXX

Víctor couldn't help but mock him either. Augusto had to accept that he intended to fool the girl and in the end he
they had caught him like a frog. He suggested that he use himself for experimentation, that he devour himself. He needed
to distract oneself and not think.

Chapter XXXI

Augusto decided to commit suicide. But before doing so, he wanted to talk to the author of the work, to consult him. He traveled to Salamanca.
and entered his office, where he told him how much he admired his philosophical works and was amazed by everything that
that man knew about him. Miguel told him that he could not commit suicide because he did not exist, he was simply an invention of his
same. But Miguel was even more amazed when his character said to him: what if you are the one who doesn't exist? They argued about
that issue, and for a long time. Augusto insisted on committing suicide, and Miguel did not... they argued so much that finally Miguel
he decided that he would kill him himself, despite Augusto's opposition. Augusto told him that he was capable of killing him.
but that was actually not possible; a fictional character cannot kill its creator. Miguel had already written it, it was already
irrevocably that I would die.

Chapter XXXII

When he was returning by train, he was heartbroken thinking that he would die, thinking that all his life was merely a
dream created by another. When he arrived, he ate everything he could and came to the conclusion that he was immortal, since an entity
fictitious was an idea, and an idea did not die; it survived. Suddenly he began to feel unwell and noticed that he could not keep himself standing.
on foot. He asked Domingo for help and begged him to sleep that night with him. He woke up feeling very unwell and was taken to the doctor. He ate
too much and died.

Chapter XXXIII

The author, Miguel, thought about resurrecting Augusto. When he fell asleep, he dreamed of him, and he said no, that it was a
impossibility to resurrect him. He also dreamed that he himself was dying and when he woke up he felt a pressure in his chest.

MAIN CHARACTERS

Augusto: a very reflective and philosophical man. He easily fell in love after discovering love. Never
he had a clear goal in life, and he took daily aimless walks.

woman whom Augusto falls in love with. Orphan, lives with her uncles and is a pianist. Not excessively friendly,
and very demanding with her priorities in life. She has a not very intelligent and hardworking boyfriend but she loves him, and she rejects
Augusto. He doesn't like to be influenced by his uncles and that’s why he rebels frequently.

Victor and Antonio: friends of Augusto who help him reflect on everyday problems.

Liduvina and Domingo: servants of Augusto who live with him, and are a couple.

Ermelinda and Fermín: Eugenia's uncles, who take care of her. Fermín is an anarchist and continuously reflects his
ideology throughout the work. They do not particularly like Mauricio, their niece's boyfriend, and support at all times.
Augusto, who is considered a good match for Eugenia.

Mauricio: Eugenia's boyfriend, lazy, sluggish, and very shameless who neither works nor makes an effort to do so.

Rosarito: the ironer of Augusto whom he believes he is falling in love with and with whom he does what he wants, and she lets it happen.

Orfeo: pet dog of Augusto, with whom he talks in his worst moments and problems. He found him abandoned and
quickly adopted it.

BIOGRAPHY:

Miguel de Unamuno was born in Bilbao in 1864, the son of a returnee merchant. After completing his bachelor's degree.
in his hometown, he moved to Madrid in 1880 to study at the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, where he obtained the
a doctorate with a thesis on the Basque people. Upon returning to Bilbao, he dedicates himself to giving private lessons, until, in
In 1891, he obtains the chair of Greek in Salamanca, a city where he will live for the rest of his life, except for periods of exile.
and the deportation he had to endure due to his political ideas. That same year he marries Concepción Lizárraga.
Initially, Unamuno is supportive of positivist ideas, but later he leans towards socialism, and
he joined the Socialist Party in 1894. Around 1897, he experiences a profound personal crisis that sharpens his
religious concerns, as reflected in his Private Diary. In 1900 he is appointed Rector of the
University of Salamanca, from which he was dispossessed in 1914 for declaring himself a supporter of the allies. Six years
Later, Unamuno is prosecuted for writing a defamatory article against King Alfonso XIII. Deported to the island of
Fuerteventura in 1924, later he goes into exile in Hendaya and then in Paris. In 1931 he returns to Salamanca and returns to
to be appointed Rector of the University, but once again is stripped of it, this time by the Government of the
Republic, for having joined the uprising of General Franco. Very shortly after, it would face a serious
confrontation with General Millán Astray. That same year he dies in Salamanca, on December 31. Unamuno was
a man with an original and exuberant personality, very controversial and, at times, contradictory, both in his thinking
as in his political activity. He is not a systematic thinker: his ideas are scattered in essays, poems, novels
and dramas. Among the essays, the following stand out: Life of Don Quixote and Sancho (1905). Of the feeling
tragic of life in men and in peoples (1913). The agony of Christianity (1926-1931). Additionally, he wrote
interesting novels, such as Niebla (1914), Abel Sánchez (1917) or San Manuel Bueno, Mártir (1933), and great poems of
quality and deep feeling, like The Christ of Velázquez (1920).
TIME, HISTORICAL CONTEXT:

Despite the numerous political imbalances and social vicissitudes that affected the Spanish scene during
In the first third of the 20th century, cultural creativity witnessed a renewed splendor, which led to certain
observers talking about a Silver Age that began in 1898 and ended with the outbreak of the Civil War
1936.

The first of these dates marks the loss of the last Spanish colonies and, in general terms, the end of the long
decline period that began in the 17th century. A large group of writers reacted to this fact, inquiring into
its causes and trying to find remedies for the regeneration of Spain. They were known as the Generation of
98 and include among them some important literary figures. Their activities, however, were not limited to
literature, but they extended to the fields of science, medicine, history, and essay.

At the same time, Modernism emerged, a movement related to French symbolism, pictorial Impressionism and
musical, the modern decorative style and the Pre-Raphaelitism, among other trends. Catalonia, always more open to the
Winds of change that frequently reached Spain were experienced with particular intensity. The brilliant
The architect Antonio Gaudí was its main figure, being linked to the Renaixença (Renaissance) of culture.
Catalan that had emerged from the prosperity of a cultivated industrial bourgeoisie with a growing inclination to support
regionalist ideas. Gaudí's extremely personal art, filled with botanical and animal suggestions, with works
as revolutionary as the unfinished Sagrada Familia and the fantastic garden of Park Guell, one can admire
mainly in Barcelona. In this Catalan modernist environment, two great painters would also emerge: Picasso
and Nonell.

At the beginning of the century, the echoes of musical nationalism that resonated throughout the continent also reached Spain.
Two composers gained international recognition within this movement: they were Isaac Albéniz and Enrique.
Granados. LaSuites Iberia for piano, a creation by Albéniz, synthesizes Impressionist, virtuosic, and romantic lightness.
with the picturesque Baroque and the color of popular Spanish music. In The Spanish Dances and Goyescas, one of the
Granados' compositions reveal an intimate romanticism with accents from all regions of Spain.

In the field of painting, Ignacio Zuloaga represented, with his robust brushstrokes and typically Spanish figures, a
world intimately linked to the literature of the Generation of 98. In a different aesthetic line, we can categorize the
Valencian Joaquín Sorolla as a post-impressionist who makes use of brilliant color. Beyond the anecdote.
portrayed in each canvas, the Levantine light is the great protagonist of its coastal scenes, which can be admired in
the Sorolla Museum in Madrid. Another Catalan impressionist, Mariano Benlliure, stood out as a brilliant sculptor of
monuments, busts, and bullfighting scenes.

The Generation of '98 was almost obsessively concerned about what was called the 'Spanish problem', and from this
they rediscovered the beauty of the sober Castilian landscape and developed a considerable stylistic renewal
avoiding the rhetorical characteristic of the 19th century.

Some members of this generation achieved genuinely universal renown, such as the case of the Basque.
Miguel de Unamuno, who in his Tragic Feeling of Life anticipates the reflections and basic themes of
existentialism. Another Basque, Pío Baroja, the great novelist of realism, narrates with such simplicity, naturalness, and dynamism.
It is not surprising that Hemingway proclaimed him his master. The Valencian Azorín sang with sensitivity.
impressionist to the serene Castilla and its people, to the "beauty of the everyday." The Galician Ramón María del Valle Inclán
he gave musicality to Spanish prose, first from a modernist aesthetic and later, in a Spanish expressionism
known as "grotesque." The Andalusian Antonio Machado began contemporary Spanish poetry by mixing the
reflective seriousness, deep temporal meditation and civic motives with symbolism. In this same sentimental line
the poetry of Nobel Prize winner Juan Ramón Jiménez emerged, which evolved over time, driven by perfectionism,
towards a deeper, more abstract, and complex lyricism.

The Spanish intellectuals of this period felt the influence of European culture with particular intensity and
they made a remarkable effort to incorporate the latest advances. The philosopher Ortega y Gasset studied in
Germany brought many novelties of contemporary vitalism to Spain. He was the founder of the 'Magazine of
"Occidente", one of the first intellectual publications of Europe at that time. Ramón Pérez de Ayala was attracted
by the English liberal spirit, and he expressed it in his essays and intellectual novels that allowed him to enjoy a
considerable prestige in Europe. The essayist and art critic Eugenio d'Ors wrote in three languages: Catalan, Spanish
and French, and he was one of the renovators of baroque art criticism in Europe. Almost all of these authors wrote
usually for newspapers, providing information and promoting cultural education. They were responsible for
the renewal of national sensitivity, exposing it to European modernity.

General conclusion:

Fog is a book with events that can happen to anyone, but seen in a much more reflective way.
Many phrases included in this book make you think, and they can make you see things you hadn't known before, and
to learn them.

The story is not very original or clever, but the way Unamuno tells it is pleasing.