8.3 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Development strategy helps to maintain the quality of life of both future and present generation without compromising the availability of resources stock. It is a modern variant concept of development where all the natural resources, human resources, physical and financial asserts are managed for increasing the long term wealth and well- being of society. It is based on two key concepts:- 1-The first concept it based on “needs” which means to fulfil the basic requirements of human being to achieve quality of life. 2-The second concept is based on economic, social and ecological balance such as literacy, democratic values, good health of human being and the environment which is essential for a nation development. Three pillars of Sustainable development 1, Economic development (creating job opportunities) 2. Community development (shelter, food, health, education etc.) 3. Environmental protection (safe water, clean water, quality environment ete.) What is the difference between sustainability and sustainable development? Sustainability is generally considered as a long-term goal (ic, a more stable environment), whereas sustainable development refers to the various processes and methods that can lead to achieve sustainability (e.g. sustainable production and consumption, sustainable agriculture and forestry, good research and technology required by government along with education and training on this etc). PO La pier aa Fane Porat Cees Pov Eiirnrg Source-hitps://www.quora.com/What-are-the-advantages-of-Sustainable-development 152SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS Is the 7 stainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of 17 global goals established by the ed Nations in 2015 as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, These goals provide @ <0 mprehensive framework for addressing social, economic, and environmental chalenges 10 achieve a sustainable future for all. The SDGs build upon the earlier Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) but are more comprehensive and ambitious in their scope. They addre’ Tange of interconnected issues, including poverty eradication, education, jend it = heat gender equality, clean energy, environmental protection, and sustainable economic The baa Provide a holistic framework for governments,. businesses, civil society enable eh and individuals to work together towards a more equitable, inclusive, and sustainable world. Achieving these goals requires collective action, innovative approaches, and strong partnerships across all sectors of society. All these 17 goals are interconnected, and progress in one goal often relies on progress in others. The SDGs recognize the integrated nature of sustainable development and call for collaborative and holistic approaches to achieve a more equitable, inclusive and sustainable world for present and future generations. - List of 17 Sustainable Development Goals No Poverty Zero Hunger Good Health and Well-being Quality Education Gender Equality Clean Water and Sanitation Affordable and Clean Energy Decent Work and Economic Growth Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure 10. _ Reduced Inequality 41. Sustainable Cities and Communities 42. Responsible Consumption and Production 13, Climate Action 14. Life Below Water 15. Life on Land 46. Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions 47. Partnerships for the Goals OPOENABARYON> GOAL 1: No Poverty The first of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals aim to eradicate extreme poverty for all People everywhere by 2030. Poverty is a multidimensional issue, and this goal focuses on creating policies that address income generation, access to basic services, and socialing poverty by ed to reduci s protection. Sustainable Development Goals India is meee ‘and schemes. promoting social and economic inclusion through various Pro} GOAL 2: Zero Hunger al omote sustainable The second goal aims to end hunger, achieve food security, ang Groin g the resilience gricultural productivity, IMPOW india plays a agriculture. Zero Hunger involves increasing a 4. f01 of food systems, and ensuring access to nutri significant role in achieving this goal by implem security and agricultural sustainability. itious and sufficient foo fo onting policies and programs to improve od GOAL 3: Good Health and Well-being L-being for all, regardless of age. peng ‘communicable and non- ignificant strides in e Sustainable The third goal seeks to ensure healthy lives and promote well This involves reducing maternal and child mortality, fighting against com communicable diseases, and promoting mental health. India has made si improving healthcare access and outcomes, contributing to the achievement of th Development Goals 2030. GOAL 4: Quality Education The fourth goal aims to provide inclusive and equitable quality education, as well as promote lifelong learning opportunities for all. Sustainable Development Goals Quality Education focuses on increasing access to education, improving learning outcomes, and reducing gender disparities in educational opportunities. India has made considerable progress in this area through various policies and initiatives. GOAL 5: Gender Equality The fifth goal strives to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls. This goal addresses various forms of discrimination, violence, and harmful practices against women, while also promoting women's participation in leadership roles and decision-making. India has been working towards gender equality through various policies, legislation, and awareness campaigns. GOAL 6: Clean Water and Sanitation The sixth goal aims to ensure the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. This involves improving water quality, increasing water-use efficiency, and protecting water-related ecosystems. India has undertaken numerous initiatives to improve access to clean water and sanitation, contributing to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. GOAL 7: Affordable and Clean Energy The seventh goal seeks to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modem energy for all. This includes increasing the share of renewable energy, improving energy éfficiency, and ensuring universal access to clean energy services. India has made significant progress in expanding its renewable energy capacity and promoting energy efficiency, .GOAL 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth he eighth goal aims to promote sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic eet and productive employment, and decent work for all. This involves improving lal Ae io d ernditions, supporting entrepreneurship, and fostering innovation. India fies. implore a cofious policies and programs to boost economic growth, create jobs, and enhance rights. GOAL 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure The ninth goal focuses on building resilient infrastructure, promoting inclusive Pec oaerpa dine industrialization, and fostering innovation. This includes increasing access io sustainable Gommunication technology, supporting research and development, and promelig Ne fndustial practices. India has been investing in infrastructure development and P! culture of innovation to achieve this goal. GOAL 10: Reduced Inequality ‘The tenth goal aims to reduce inequality within and among countries by promoting social, teonormig, sand political inclusion. This involves ensuring equal opportunities, clming ng discriminatory policies, and fostering global partnerships for development. India has beer working to reduce income inequality and promote social inclusion through various policies ant programs. GOAL 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities ‘The eleventh goal seeks to make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable, This involves ensuring access to affordable housing, improving urban planning, and enhancing the sustainability of cities. India has launched several initiatives to address urbanization challenges and promote sustainable urban development. GOAL 12: Responsible Consumption and Production ‘The twelfth goal aims to ensure sustainable. consumption and production patterns by promoting resource efficiency, reducing waste, and encouraging sustainable business practices. India has been working to implement sustainable production and consumption practices through various policies, regulations, and awareness campaigns. GOAL 13: Climate Action The thirteenth goal focuses on taking urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, enhancing climate resilience and supporting climate adaptation efforts. India has been actively involved in international climate negotiations and has implemented various domestic tives to address climate change. GOAL 14: Life Below Water The fourteenth goal aims to conserve and su: istainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources for sustainable development. This includes preventing marine pollution, protectingmarine ecosystems, and ensuring sustainable fisheries, India has been working to protect its marine resources and ecosyste: ms through various conservation and sustainable management efforts. GOAL 15: Life on Land The fifteenth goal focuses on protecting, restoring, and promoting sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, halting biodiversity loss, an ; , id combating desertification. India has made significant effors in forest conservation, wildlife protection, and promoting sustainable land management practices. GOAL 16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions The sixteenth goal seeks to promote peaceful and inclusive societies, provide access to justice for all, and build effective, accountable, and inclusive institutions, India has been working towards ensuring the rule of law, Teducing corruption, and enhancing transparency and accountability in its institutions. GOAL 17: Partnerships to achieve the Goal The seventeenth goal emphasizes the importance of global partnerships to support and achieve Sustainable Development Goals. This includes enhancing international cooperation, Promoting sustainable development investments, and fostering multi-stakeholder partnerships. India has been actively engaged in international partnerships and collaborations to achieve the 17 Sustainable Development GoalsMEASURES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT REDUCE, REUSE AND RECYCLE The three R's - reduce, reuse and recycle - all help to cut down on the amount of waste we throw away. They conserve natural resources, landfill space and energy. Plus, the three R's save land and money communities must use to dispose of waste in landfills, Siting a new landfill has become difficult and more expensive due to environmental regulations and public opposition. REDUCE: The best way to manage waste is to not produce It This can be done by shopping carefully and being aware of a few guidelines: + Buy products in bulk. Larger, economy-size products or ones in BUY ohtrated form use less packaging and usually cost less per unc. «Avoid over-packaged goods, especially ones packed with several materials ayeh ag foil’ paper, and plastic. They are difficult to recycle, plus you Pay more for the package. « Avoid disposable goods, such as paper plates, cups, napkins, razors, and lighters. Throwaways contribute to the problem, and cost more because they must be replaced again and again. «Buy durable goods ~ ones that are well-built or that carry good warranties. They will last longer, save money in the long run and save landfill space. ‘At work, make two-sided copies when ever possible. Maintain central files rather than using several files for individuals. Use electronic mail or main bulletin board. Remove your name from the mailing lists of materials you no longer want to receive: write to Mail Preference Service, c/o Direct Marketing Assoc., P.O. Box 90008, Farmingdale, NY 11735. + Use cloth napkins instead of paper napkins. + Use a dish cloth instead of paper towels. REUSE: It makes economic and environmental sense to reuse products. Sometimes it takes creativity: = Reuse products for the same purpose. Save paper and plastic bags, and repair broken appliances, furniture and toys. + Reuse products in different ways. Use a coffee can to pack a lunch; use plastic microwave dinner trays as picnic dishes. + Sell old clothes, appliances, toys, and furniture in gar donate them to charities. ete + Use reseal able containers rather than plastic wrap. + Use a ceramic coffee mug Instead of paper cups. grocery bags or bring your own cloth bags to th a bag from the store unless you need one, te the sere. Pe.net ie FEN ans Lh series of steps that takes a used material and processes, and sells it as a new product. Begin recycling at home and at work:ok for the recycling symbol oF jg one of tWO ask store manager | xerial, or the item can be things - either the product is teria OF ceycling syibo stance, mi eae ade recyeed Tiered cod jes what type of plastic resin it is made with @ dwever, just because the container has this code does Can be easily recycled locally. ae i Check collection centers and curbside pickup services Creek “and begin collecting those materials. Tel ‘can ecwrepapers, paper products, glass, plastics and OF eal cee rap purchasing recycled materials at work when purchasing ™m for office supply, office equipment or manufacturing. : eae Sreak to store managers and ask for products and packaging that help cut down on waste, such as recycled pro ‘d products that a + Buy prod to see what they include metal cans, ducts an packaged. ; . Buy products made from material that is collected for recycling in your community. per and newsletters «Use recycled paper for letterhead, copier pa EFFICIENCY ENHANCEMENT hancement measures could be significant in The contribution of energy efficiency en! ble Development Goals (SDGs): the realization of the following Sustainal « §DG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy - Energy efficiency measures can help Feduce energy consumption and increase the use of renewable energy sources, leading to a more affordable and cleaner energy system. . SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities - Energy-efficient buildings and transport systems can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve the quality of life in urban areas. « SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production - Energy efficiency measures can help reduce resource consumption and waste generation, leading to more responsible consumption and production patterns. « SDG 13: Climate Action - Energy efficiency measures can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the impacts of climate change. POLICY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS 1. Reducing poverty: The foremost policy is to redut TI j o if ce poverty, Thi pPortunities for peor shoudl be conan ty. The projects with greater employment Investments in willimprovs 2° Civie amenities e.g. supply of drinking water, sanitation facilities etc, vironment of country.2. Removal of subsidies: To reduce environmental damages, the subsidies given for use of resources as _ electricity, fertilizers, pesticides and diesel etc. should be removed. These subsidies lead to their wasteful use. These also generate environmental problems. 3. Market based approaches: ‘These is urgent need for adopting market based approaches for the protection of environment. They aim at pointing to the consumer and industries about the cost of using natural resources on environment, The market based instruments approach is the best policy. These instruments are in the form of environmental taxes which include pollution charges and user charges. 4, Economic incentives: Economic incentives regarding price, quantity and technology can also help to greater extent. Incentives are usually giv6n in the form of variable fees to resource users for the quantity of pollutants in air, water and land use. They are given rebates if less waste or pollution is generated than the standards laid down by the Govt. 5. Public awareness: Public awareness and participation are quite effective to improve environmental conditions. Formal and informal education programmes relating to environment management should be conducted. Public participation can render useful assistance in afforestation, conservation of wildlife, management of parks etc. 6. Participation of Global environmental efforts: It is felt that participation in global environmental efforts can help to minimise damages made by degradation of environment. So efforts should be made to make agreements on environmental protection. 7. Trade Policy: Trade policy stresses on the establishment of less polluting industries away from the cities and the use of environmental friendly processes for polluting industries b adopting cleaner technologies, 7 iAGENDA 21 OF RIO EARTH SUMMIT INTRODUCTION Agenda 21 - Structure Agenda 21 ions’ Agenda 21 is a non-binding action plan for sustainable neiro, Brazil, Earth Summit, a United Nations The United Nati development. It is a result of the 4992 Rio de Jal conference on environment and development, an action plan that may be carried out at the local, national, and internati levels by the UN, other multilateral organizations, and various a inet Every local government should create its own Total Agenda 21 as one of the project's " main goals. The initial goal of Ag ainable development by the e 21st century. n Environment agement of it (UNCED) enda 21 was to achieve global sust year 2000; the "21" in the name refers to the intended year of th Yrore than 178 governments adopted Agenda 21, the Rio Declaration of dnd Development, and the Statement of Principles for the Sustainable Man Forests at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Developmen in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from June 3 to 14, 1992 Section | (Social and Economic Dimensions): The goals of Section | are to reduce poverty, especially in emerging ‘nations, alter consumption patterns, advance health, perease population sustainability ‘and integrate sustainability into decision-making. Section Il (Conservation and Management of Resources for Development): Protecting the atmosphere, i ‘orestation, safeguarding vulnerable ecosystems; preserving biological Riversity, reducing pollution, ravaging biotechnology, and managing pics covered in Section Il. Section Ill (Strengthening the Bosition of Major Groups): The responsibilities of and industry, and children and youth, women, NGOs, local authorities, business workers are di it ion Ill. Additionally, the role “of indigenous peoples, their hened. communities, Section IV (Means of Impl a international institutions, and financial me’ ical transfer, education, ded in Section IV. cience, technologi hanisms are all inclu h-level forum on - Implementation ind sessions The Commission on sustainable Development serves as a high-| sustainable development and has served as 2 planning body for summits al i nda 21 into action. oP om aon’ secretariat is the UN Division for Sustainabl rk of" Agenda 21. member state implemet al, and local levels le Development, which tation is still discretionary. ‘ant to be a part of the were me laws or given ion has varied, and jaws at as suggested in i the world, national, region: imy lementation of Agenda 21. Local level: Some national and state governments have passed guidance directing local governments tO carry out the plan locally,Chapter 28 of the document. These Inltlatives are frequently referred to as "Loca, pect Levels Tho Economie and Social Affairs Division for i : The UN Department of Ect : . Peli tracks and assesses the development of Agenda 21 in each i i the general public to view, t publishes these reports online for t eral public fe eat eal governments were identified as participating in bosal Agenda 4 initiatives in 113 countries by the Rio+10 report, a fran ines Ea in less . 5120 local governments, or 80% of them, ; ir pe. Trot nee “been a noticeable tise in the number of nations with active Laay procedures, with some even having multiple processes going on at once. Agenda 21 - Significance + Agenda 21 addresses today's pressing issues while also preparing the world for the challenges of the next century. ; + Itreflects a global consensus and high-level political commitment to development and environmental cooperation. : : : : + Governments are primarily responsible for its successful implementation. National strategies, plans, policies, and processes will be essential in accomplishing this. + Such national efforts should be supported and supplemented by international cooperation. + The United Nations system plays an important role in this context. Other international, regional, and subregional organizations are also being asked to help with this effort. + The broadest possible public participation, as well as the active Participation of non- governmental organizations and other groups, should be encouraged. Agenda 21 - Successes * The idea of sustainable development was introduced into Popular culture through Agenda 21 (and the original Rio Earth Summit in general), if not quite making it a household term. + It had a significant impact on the terminology used in later international papers and accords. * In contrast to more technologically driven "solutions flecades” of the 1960s and 1970s, Agenda 21 has hel human development at the center of development + By establishing the in the so-called "development ped put the idea of sustainable * For instance, Agenda 21 has significantly increased iversi our knowledge of biodiversity, the rol earculure Plays in the development and the Place of indigenous peoples inagenda 21 - Challenges . Cer ane: sector-based structure of Agenda 21 may have made the idea of , Which is at the core of sustainable development and aims to promote on solutions, less effective. + Another problem is that Agenda 21 left out several industri 's all i ) eral industries. The document's all- inclusive character was compromised by this. For instance, important industries like mini ici a s like mit d electricity were not featured as separate chapters. ining and electricity + While production systems have improved in efficiency, consumption patterns seem to have gotten worse. + This trend is aided and abetted by production's globalization: and there aren't many national policies or strategies in place to encourage adjustments in unsustainable consumption patterns. Conclusion twenty years after the Earth Summit, Agenda 21 is still highly relevant and is still the UN system's most comprehensive effort to promote sustainable development. The problems that humanity is facing today are more or less identical to those ‘addressed in the chapters of lAgenda 21, despite significant coverage gaps. Although Agenda 21 has received a lot of seer ion from nation states, neither its implementation nor its efficacy has been fully realized. ateMnajority of Agenda 21's goals have still not been attained, notwithstanding certain components of excellent practice and spotty progress.