DAY 2 SERVICE ROBOT

Help humans in everyday life or

business settings
ICT
Vacuum robots, delivery robots
MECHATRONICS
MEDICAL ROBOT
Mechatronics is a multidisciplinary
field combining mechanical Assist in surgery, rehabilitation, or
engineering, electronics, computer hospital tasks
science, and control engineering to
Surgical robots
design and create smart systems
and products. EXPLORATION ROBOT

ROBOTICS Designed to go where humans

can’t go
Robotics is the branch of
technology that deals with the Mars Rovers (NASA), deep-sea bots
design, construction, operation,
MILITARY ROBOT
and use of robots.
Used in defense for surveillance,
To build machines (robots) that can
bomb disposal, etc.
assist or replace human activities,
especially in dangerous, repetitive, Drones, bomb-disposal robots
or precise tasks.
HUMANOID ROBOT
ROBOTS
Robots that resemble the human
A robot is a programmable machine body or behavior
designed to perform tasks
Sophia the Robot, ASIMO
automatically or with human
guidance. AGRICULTURAL ROBOT

Robots can be manual, sensory, or Automate farming processes

autonomous, depending on their
Drones for spraying, harvest bots
design and control system.
DOMESTIC ROBOT
TYPES OF ROBOTS
Used at home for chores and
INDUSTRIAL ROBOT
personal use
Used in manufacturing to automate
Roomba, lawn-mowing robots
processes

Robotic arms for car assembly

 Often controlled through remote
controls, joysticks, or direct input.

SENSATE ROBOT

Robots that use sensors to perceive

and respond to their environment.
TYPES OF ROBOTS BY
ENVIRONMENT

LAND ROBOT
Can detect heat, light, sound,
Robots that operate on solid
pressure, motion, or touch.
surfaces (ground, roads, floors,
etc.). Used in homes, industries, Enhance interaction with
agriculture, and exploration. surroundings for safer and efficient
operation.
Cleaning, patrolling, delivery,
construction, exploration SEQUENTIAL ROBOT

AIR ROBOT Operate based on step-by-step

instructions (sequences).
Robots that fly or hover in the air.
They are often controlled remotely Follow pre-programmed routines
or programmed to fly and cannot adapt outside given
autonomously. orders.

Delivery, filming, search and Efficient in repetitive tasks.

rescue, surveillance, agriculture
SMART ROBOT
spraying
Robots with artificial intelligence
WATER ROBOT
(AI) and ability to learn, adapt, and
Robots designed to operate in or on make decisions.
water — either floating on the
Can adjust their actions based on
surface or diving underwater.
experience and environmental
Marine research, underwater data.
inspection, cleaning, defense
Often equipped with machine
MANUAL ROBOTS learning, speech recognition, and
vision systems.
Operated directly by humans.

Do not have independent decision-

making capabilities.
 ULTRASONIC MOTOR

Measures distance using sound

waves (like sonar).

Can detect objects up to 255 cm

away.

Useful for collision avoidance and

object detection.

SOUND MOTOR

Detects sound levels in decibels

(dB).

Allows robots to respond to claps,

voices, or noises.

LEGO BRICKS
SERVO MOTOR The basic building blocks of the
A precise motor that allows robot.
controlled rotation. Used to construct the body, frame,
Can turn by specific degrees (0– or casing of the robot.
360°) or run continuously. PEGS / PINS
Used for moving robot parts like Small connectors that hold LEGO
wheels, arms, or claws. parts together.
TOUCH MOTOR Provide joint flexibility and stability.
A digital sensor that detects AXLES
physical contact (pressed or
released). Rod-like parts that allow rotation of
wheels and gears.
Helps robots respond to obstacles,
like bumping into a wall. Important for movement and
mechanical transfers.
LIGHT MOTOR
BEAMS
Detects light intensity and color
contrast. Long support structures used to
build frames.
Used for line-following robots,
differentiating bright and dark Work together with axles and gears
surfaces. for stability.
CROSS BLOCKS Programmable wires in the NXT
software (not physical).
Connector pieces that join axles
and beams at 90° or multiple Used to transfer values (numbers,
angles. signals, or sensor data) between
programming blocks.
Used for strong joints in robotic
frames. NXT BALL

GEARS Acts like a ball caster or support

wheel.
Toothed wheels that transfer
motion and force. Allows robots to balance and move
smoothly in multiple directions.
Used to increase speed, torque, or
change direction of movement. TANK TRACKS

HUB AND TIRE Chain-like belts used instead of

wheels.
Hubs attach to axles, allowing tires
to spin. Provide better traction on rough
terrain and stability for heavy
Tires provide grip and mobility on
robots.
different surfaces.

BUSHINGS

Small circular parts that prevent

axles from sliding.

Help stabilize moving parts.

RUBBER BELT

A flexible band used to transfer

rotational movement between
gears or axles.

Works like a pulley system.

CABLE WIRE

Electrical connectors that link

sensors and motors to the NXT
Intelligent Brick.

Carry power and data signals.

DATA WIRES
 - June 24,2022; 26 states in US
near total ban in abortion
- 72 countries and territories
permit women to terminate
their pregnancies at their
request.

Inalienable Rights
- Pregnant woman
- The rights of unborn child
- 37 countries made abortion
illegal unless it saves the
mother’s life

Gestational Rights
- Span to legalize abortion
- 12 - 13 weeks
- Gender bias: China- boy child

Polusyon
- Harmful materials into the
environment

Air pollution
- Harmful Gasses
- Can be visible & invisible
- Natural disasters can also cause
air pollution
AP
- Natural dust, volcanic eruption,
Mga Kontemporaryong Issue cow fart, agricultural activities,
pesticides
Abortion
Water pollution
- the termination of a pregnancy
- Muddy, smells bad, garbage
Roe v. Wade floating, harmful chemicals

- set to ship women across the Organic: vegetables, algae

US of their constitutional right
to abortion Chemical: factory chemical,
- legalizing abortion unscented chemicals
- 1973 in US
- 24 countries globally do not Land pollution
permit abortion under any - Same pollutants tat foul the
circumstances (Chile, Vatican) water also harm the land
- Centre for Reproductive Rights
(organization)
 - Non-renewable source: 1000yrs subordinate to men in the
to renew a soil workplace, politics, and at
- Dry lands, quarry, mining home.

Paggamit ng illegal na Droga Kontemporaryo isyu

- Majority of drug dependents in - Anu mang pangyayari na may
the country are Poly-Drug users kaugnayan sa Lipunan sa
- Marijuana o Cannabis Satiua kasalukuyan
remains to be the most abused
- Methamphetamine, hydro Mga uri ng isyu:
chlorine, shabu, and - Politika
methylenedioxymethamphetam - Ekonomiya
ine - Kultura
(MDMA), ecstasy of “party drug” - Kalusugan
Terorismo - Lipunan (social)
- Teknolohiya
- Morphed into a global - Kapaligiran
phenomenon that could cause - Edukasyon
massive pain and destruction
anywhere Kontemporaryo
- This strategies recognized the - Nagagnap sa kasalukuyan
value of involving local
communities, private sectors, Isyu
the media, and other groups in
the society - Hinahanapan ng kakulangang
- September 11, 2001, a series of solusyon o kasagutan
coordinated terrorist attacks by Contemporary: “Dr. Mactal” (2018)
al-Qaeda resulted in the deaths
of nearly 3,000 people in the CONTEMPORARIUS
United States
Together with Time
Sexual Harassment
Con: kasabay ng
- Violence Against Women (VAW)
country’s pervasive social Tempo: panahon
problems
- In 2017, National Demographic - Kasabayang panahon
and Health Survey conducted - Living/occurring at the same
by the Philippine Statistics time
Authority (PSA), one in four - Current affairs/events
Filipino women aged 15-49 has
Primaryang Sanggunian
experienced physical
harassment. - Orihinal a tala ng mga
pangyayaring isinulat o nilikha
Diskriminasyon
ng mga taong nakararanas ng
- Gender based discrimination mga ito.
has long kept women and girls
Primary Sources: 3 elements of disaster
- Sulat 1. Pagkalantad sa panganib o
- Larawan (rizal playing fencing) hazard
- Legal Documents (PSA) 2. Pag-iral ng mga kondisyon ng
- Journal (Queen Victoria) bulnerabilidad (conditions of
- Autobiography vulnerability)
- Video or Audio Recordings 3. Hindi sapat na kapasidad
- Artifacts (insufficient capacity)
- Talumpati
HAZARD + VULNERABILITY =
Sekundaryang Sanggunian DISASTER
- Impormasyo o interpretasyon Hazard
batay sa primarying sanggunian
- Anumang panganib na
Secondary Sources: nangyare na
- Books/Aklat (base sa 2 types of hazard
pagkakaintindi ng sumulat)
- Guhit 1. Likas/natural (landslide,
- Articles tsunami)
2. Gawa ng tao (anthropogenic)
“May mga limitasyon sa paglalakad (plane crash, pollution)
ng katotohanan at tunay na
kaganapan sa nangyayari.” Natural:
- Geophysical disaster
Primaryang Sanggunian
- Hydro- meteorological disaster
- Nakalimutan ang ibang detalye - Biological disaster
ng saksi sa pangyayari
Geophysical
Sekundaryang Sanggunian
- Hydrological
- Nagbabago ang imposmasyon - Climatological
ayon sa sumulat o naglahad ng - Biological
mga pangayayari: opinion, - Extraterrestrial hazard
pagkaunawa, ideya
Anthropogenic disaster
Kalamidad
1. Technological disaster
- Hindi inaasahang pangyayare 2. Sociological disaster
sanhi ng mga proseso sa
Vulnerability:
kalikasan
- “Long Term Underlying Causes”
Disaster
Kapasidad
- Malubhang sakuna o
kapahamakang nangyayari sa - Kombinasyon ng kalakasan at
isang pook sanhi ng kalamidad pinagkukunang yaman na
(aftermath ng kalamidad) mayroon and isang komunidad
 Uri ng kalamidad Biglaang pagbaha (Flash Flood)

1. Pacific ring of fire - Pagkatapos ng malakas na

- bahagi ng daidig kung saan pagbuhos ng ulan
nagtatagpo ang 2 tectonic plate - Rumaragasang tubig
- Pacific plate at Eurasian plate
El Nino (little boy)
2. 60% ng PH ay exposed sa
hazard - Tagtuyot sa Pilipinas
3. 66% ng tropical cyclones ay - El Navidad sa US (dec)
mula sa Pacific Ocean every
year sa buong daigdig La Nina (little girl)
4. PAR – estimated 90 to 20 ang
- El Viejo or cold event
bilang ng bagyo
5. PAGASA- 20 to 30 ang bagyo sa Storm Surge
PH
6. Pilipinas ay nasa Typhoon Belt - Daluyong ng bagyo o hindi
ng western pacific basin karaniwang pagtaas ng tubig
- Malalakas na hangin na
Bagyo tumutulak sa tubig dagat
patungong dalampasigan
- Isang malakas na hangin na
may kasamang ulan Tsunami (harbor waves)
- 6 to 7 ang naglalandfall sa lupa
- 5 to 7 ang destructive na bagyo - Higanteng alon
- “Most Prevailing Disaster” - Dahil sa pagalaw ng ilalim ng
dagat
Typhoon: Pacific Ocean - Morogulf sa Mindanao (aug 17
1976)
Hurricane: Atlantic Ocean
Landslide
Cyclone: Indian Ocean
- Pagguho ng lupa at pag-agos ng
PAGASA: Philippine Atmosphere putik
Geophysical and Astronomical
Services Administration Buhawi (tornado)
- Nabubuo kasama ng
SIGNAL #1: 39-61km/h
thunderstorm
SIGNAL #2: 62-88km/h - Malamig na hangin sa
himpapawid
SIGNAL #3: 89-117km/h
Ipo-Ipo: water
SIGNAL #4: 118-184km/h
Buhawi: land
SIGNAL #5: 185km/h or higher
Pagputok ng Bulkan
- Higit 300 bulkan at 24 ang
aktibo sa bansa
- Camiguin born of fire PAGPAPATUPAD NG BATAS
- 1871, pumutok ang Mt. Vulcan
sa camiguin at winasak nito at Mahigpit na pagpapatupad ng
pinalubog sa dagat ang bayan mga building codes, zoning
ng Catarman ordinances, at environmental
laws upang maiwasan ang
PHILVOLCS: Philippine Institute
pinsala.
of Volcanology and Seismology
PAGBUO NG EARLY WARNING
Lindol
SYSTEM
- Paggalaw ng lupa dullot ng
nagkikiskisang tectonic plates Pagkakaroon ng alerts, alarms,
at communication systems para
Heatwave
agad makapaghanda ang mga
- Mahabang panaging matindi tao bago ang sakuna.
ang init
- Sinasabayan ng DISASTER RELIEF AND
pagkahalumigmig ng hangin RESPONSE
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION Mga agarang hakbang na
AND MANAGEMENT (DRRM) ginagawa kapag tinamaan na
ang isang kalamidad.
Ang DRRM ay proseso ng pag-
iwas, paghahanda, pagtugon, at RESCUE OPERATIONS
pagbangon mula sa mga sakuna
Paghahanap at pagliligtas ng
upang mabawasan ang epekto
mga taong naipit o
nito sa tao, kapaligiran, at
nanganganib.
ekonomiya.
RELIEF DISTRIBUTIONS
HAZARD MAPPING
Pamamahagi ng pagkain, tubig,
Pagkilala at pagtukoy ng mga
damit, at iba pang pangunahing
lugar na delikado sa lindol,
pangangailangan.
baha, landslide, bagyo, at iba
pa. MEDICAL ASSISTANCE
CAPACITY NG BUILDING Pagbibigay ng unang lunas,
gamot, at serbisyong medikal.
Pagsisiguro na ang mga gusali,
tulay, at imprastruktura ay may TEMPORARY SHELTER
disaster-resilient designs.
Pagbibigay ng evacuation
centers, tents, o
pansamantalang tirahan sa mga Umaabsent sa klase para
nawalan ng bahay. iprotesta ang kakulangan ng
aksyon sa climate change.
3 PANGUNAHING YUGTO NG
MGA AKTIBIDAD AT Nagbigay-inspirasyon sa
HAKBANG NA international movement (Fridays
ISINAKATUPARAN SA for Future).
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
“It felt like I was the only one
who cared about the climate
and ecological crisis.”
1 BAGO ANG PAGTAMA NG
DISASTER (MITIGATION AND Ano ang pagkakaiba ng global
PREPAREDNESS ACTIVITIES) warming sa climate change?

Hazard mapping, training, drills,

stockpiling of goods,
Global Warming → Long-term
strengthening infrastructure.
heating ng surface ng mundo
2 HABANG NANGYAYARI ANG simula industrial period (1850–
DISASTER (EMERGENCY 1900), dulot ng fossil fuels at
RESPONSE ACTIVITIES) greenhouse gases.

Rescue operations, relief,

evacuation, communication,
Climate Change → Mas
coordination.
malawak na pagbabago sa klima
3 PAGKATAPOS NG PAGTAMA ng mundo o rehiyon sa
NG DISASTER (RESPONSE mahabang panahon (hal.
AND RECOVERY ACTIVITIES) pagbabago sa ulan, bagyo,
drought, heatwaves).
Rehabilitation, reconstruction,
livelihood support, trauma GREENHOUSE EFFECT
healing, resilience-building.
Ang init mula sa araw ay na-trap
GRETA THUNBERG ng greenhouse gases (carbon
dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide,
Swedish climate activist,
water vapor), kaya umiinit ang
nagsimula ng School Strike for
mundo.
Climate.

Naging 22 years old noong

2025. PAGKAKAHATI-HATI NG GASES
SA MUNDO

CARBON DIOXIDE
30 billion kalamidad (typhoon belt +
Pacific Ring of Fire).
Fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas),
deforestation, industry Madalas kulang ang budget
allocation para sa climate
CARBON ALONE
change adaptation.
8 billion
Ang PH ay No.1 in advocacy
Agriculture (livestock, rice laban sa climate change, pero
paddies), landfills, fossil fuel weak implementation ng
production policies.

LAND POLLUTION R.A NO. 9729

3.0 billion CLIMATE CHANGE ACT OF

2009
Agriculture (fertilizers),
industrial processes, combustion Layunin: Tugunan ang banta ng
climate change sa bansa at
gawing mas organisado ang
WATER POLLUTION pagtugon dito.
2 billion Gumawa ng sistema (CCC) para
sa pambansang koordinasyon
Refrigeration, air conditioning,
ng climate change action.
industrial gases, aerosols
Ano ang ibig sabihin ng CCC sa
AIR POLLUTION
AP?
3 Billion
Climate change commision na
Carbon Dioxide, Carbon direktang nasa ilalim ng office of
Monoxide, Sulfur Dioxide, the president. Gumawa ng
Nitrogen Oxides, greenhouse National Framework Strategy on
gases (like CO₂, CH₄), toxic Climate Change at Action Plan
gases (CO, SO₂, NOₓ, VOCs), para gabayan ang lahat ng
and particulate matter that ahensya at LGUs.
together damage human health,
ecosystems, and the climate.
R.A NO. 10174

PEOPLE’S SURVIVAL FUND

RISK EXPOSURE
ACT
Ang Pilipinas ay isa sa mga
Layunin: Magbigay ng dagdag
pinaka-exposed na bansa sa
pondo para sa mga proyekto ng
 local government units (LGUs) Epimetheus- lumikha ng hayop
at communities laban sa climate (pakpak, tuka, balahibo)
change.
- Asawa ni pandora
Itinatag: People’s Survival Fund Prometheus- lumikha ng tao
(PSF) na may ₱1 bilyon kada
taon bilang panimulang pondo. - Humiling ng apoy
- Ikinadena sa bundok caucus
Nagbigay ng pera (PSF) para
Agila- alaga ni Haring Zeus
magawa talaga ang mga plano
at proyekto sa lokal na antas. - Ang tumutuka sa atay ni
Prometheus
Pinapadali nito ang pag-access
ng mga LGU at komunidad sa Herakles- pumatay sa agila
pondo upang maisagawa ang - Gamit ang palaso (bala ng
mga hakbang gawa ng disaster pana)
preparedness, food security
Hephaestos- diyos ng apoy at
projects, and iba pang
bulkan
sustainable practices.
Athena- nagbigay ng damit
Ano ang pinagkaiba ng
deforestation sa illegal logging? Aphrodite- nagbigay ng hindi pang
karaniwang kagandahan
Deforestation – Malawakang
pagputol ng kagubatan para Hermes- naghatid kay Pandora kay
gawing sakahan, subdivision, Epimetheus
mining, o komersyal na gamit.
Pandora- griyego word means
“lahat ay handog”

Illegal Logging – Pagpuputol Langkay-langkay na itim na

ng kahoy nang walang permit o insekto:
labag sa batas (pwedeng maliit
- Galit - Digmaan
o malakihan). - Inggit -
Panibugho
FILIPINO
- Kasakiman - Gutom
Ang Kahon ni Pandora - Kahirapan - Kamatayan

- Mula Mediterranean
- Mitolohiya
Maganda at maningning na insekto
Sutla- silk
- Espiritu ng pag asa
Titan- malalaking tao
Aspekto ng pandiwa
Haring Zeus- leader ng olimpian
Pandiwa- kilos o galaw

Perpektibo- tapos na o nangyari na Ang parabula ng sampung

dalaga
Imperpektibo- kasalukuyang
nangyayari 5- hangal: bumili ng langis

Kontemplatibo- mangyayari palang 5- matatalino: may extrang Langis

Pandi Perpek Imperpe Kontempl Dote- per ana ibinibigay sa girl ng
wa tibo ktibo atibo boy
kain kumain kumakai kakain
n Ilawan- lampara
sulat sumula sumusul susulat
t at Lumayo ang binate mahigit isang
taon upang maghanda sa kanilang
titirahan
5 uri ng panlapi
“Daig ng maagap ang masipag”
Panlapi- ikinikabit sa pandiwa o
salitang ugat Ang apat na buwan ko sa
espanya
Salitang Ugat- buo at punong salita
- Isang sanaysay
Unlapi- ikinakabit sa unahan
Rebecca De Dios- 16yrs old
Gitlapi- ikinakabit sa gitna
- Anak ng mag aswang OFW sa
Hulapi- ikinakabit sa hulihan Barcelona, Espanya na
nagtatrabaho sa malaking hotel
Kabilaan- ikinakabit sa unahan at
sa Barcelona
hulihan
Alagad ng Sining:
Laguhan- ikinakabit sa unahan,
gitna at hulihan - Salvador Dali - Pablo Picasso
- Joan Miro - Antoni Tapies
pandiwa ugat panlapi Uri
akitin akit in hulapi Museum:
Naglakbay lakb nag unlapi
- Reina Sofia sa Madrid
ay
- National Art Museum of Catalina
nagbatian bati Nag, kabila
an an Pinakamatandang lungsod sa
dumating dati um gitlapi
ng
Espanya
pinagsumik sika Pi,nag, laguh - Palacio Real sa Madrid
apan p an an - Toledo’s Ancient Rooftops

Basilica de la Sagrada Familia

- Heritage Site
 - Antoni Gaudi (1883) Matatandang Babae: kasuotan
Lumang gusali na disenyo ni Antoni - Blusa at palda, bestida
Gaudi
Kalalakihan: kasuotan
- Casa Vicens
- Collared shirt, slacks, sapatos
- Casa Battlo
na balat
- Guell Pavilions

Dialects: Spanish o Castalian Ang ilan ay nagging impluwensya

sa Pilipinas dahil sa matagal nilang
- Galacian - Catalan pananakop (300yrs)
- Basque
Ang Munting Bariles
Almusal: El Desayuno
- Guy De Maupassant
- Kapeng may gatas at tinapay
Jules Chicot
Tapas(meat ng horse): Fingerfood
- Spreville hotel
- Pritong maliliit na pusit
- Tinapay na may kamatis at keso Nanay Magloire
- Nakatuhog na tuna at olive
- Uminom ng alak
Tanghalian: La Comida - Nagbalat ng patatas
- Pumunta sa isang abogado
Paboritong putahe- Paella, Gambas,
Cochinillo Asado TALASALITAAN:

Siesta: madaliang pagtulog Kopita- baso

pagkatapos kumain Francs- pera
5pm/5:30pm: La Merienda Bariles- lalagyan ng alak
- Tinapay na may palaman Sinimsim- unti unting tinikman
lamang
Sumusuray- gumagewang
6pm: La Cena
Uri ng Panghalip
- Pritong itlog o isda at
ensaladang gulay Panghalip- salitang pamalit o
Paboritong Minatamis: Leche Flan panghalili sa panggalan

- Itlog at gatas 1. Panghalip Panao

- Ipinapalit sa ngalan ng tao
Soccer o Football at bullfight: Laro
Unang Panauhan
Real Madrid: (228m supporters)
- Nagsasalita
- Koponan ng soccer - Ako, ko
- Pinaka popular na soccer club
Ikalawang Panauhan
 - Kinakausap CLVE
- Ikaw, kaw, sayo (iyo), mo,
kita Lumen gentium

Ikatlong Panauhan -second Vatican document

- Pinag-uusapan -1962-1965
- Sila, nila, siya, niya, kanya,
kina -light of nations
2. Panghalip Pananong
Kenosis
- Ginagamit sa pagtatanong
- Sino, ano, kanino, alin -Christ’s “self emptying”
(isahan)
-Philippians 2:7
Pagpapahayag ng sariling
pananaw Threefold mission of Christ
(baptism)

-priestly

*preach the mission

-prophetic

*spread the good news of the Lord

-kingly

*to lead

Mother Teresa of Calcutta

(august 26,1910 – sept 5, 1997)

-helped the sick,poor,young

- in India

-canonized 2016

Presbyterorum Ordinis

-Vatican 2 degree

-focus on ministry and life of a

Reduplikasyon priest
- pag uulit ng pantig sa salita -by Pope Paul VI
- alis = aalis Charity

-soul of the Church’s social mission

Justice

-Rights, equality, fairness

Deus Caritas Est Church’s Hierarchy

-God is love/charity in English Pope

-Pope Benedict XVI first encyclical -successor or st peter

letter
-visible head of the church
-dec 25,2005
-vicar of Christ
- 3 type of love agape, philia, eros
-supreme pontiff
Threefold mission
-chief sheperd
responsibility of the church
Cardinal
-proclaim the word of God
(kerygma- martyria) -senior clergy

*spread the gospel through -serves as close advisers to the

preaching, cathecist, and pope
missionary work
Archbishops
-celebrating the sacraments
-metropolitant bishops
(Leitourgia)
-in short bishops who oversees
*church sanctifies, in short mass
their neighbor dioceses
-exercising the ministry of
charity (diakonia) (diocese- a group of churches that
is shepered by a bishop)
*Church loves through justice and
service to the SPY Bishops

Role of laity -gives the sacrament of holy orders

-sharing Christ threefold mission Priest

-living a lifewitness and service -assigned to administer parishes

-active participation in the church Deacon

CCC 873 -ordained minister who serves at

the liturgy
-highlights that the church while a
unified body is structed with a 2 tpyes of deacon
distinct roles
Transitional-preparing for the especially in the documents Lumen
ordination to priesthood Gentium and Christus Dominus.
(traditional)

Permanent-Deacons that can

have the sacrament of marriage
What is the difference between
Threefold Office of the Bishop:
Novus Ordo and Tridentine
Teaching Office mass?

- Preaching/ Evangelization The Tridentine Mass, also known

as the Traditional Latin Mass or
Ex: Catechetical Program, Retreat,
the Extraordinary Form, was
Pastoral Letter
codified after the Council of Trent
Sanctifying - celebrating the (1570) by Pope Pius V. It is
sacraments celebrated entirely in Latin, with
the priest facing ad orientem
Ex: Holy Mass, Eucharistic
(towards the altar), symbolizing
Adoration, Celebration of the
that both priest and people face
Sacraments, Liturgy of the Hours
God together.
Governing - leading and making
important decision
The Novus Ordo Mass, also called
Ex: Appointing new parish priests,
the Mass of Paul VI or the Ordinary
mediates the conflict in the
Form, was introduced in 1969
parishes, issuing policies
following the Second Vatican
Council. Unlike the Tridentine
Mass, it is often celebrated in the
-COLLEGIALITY
vernacular language of the people,
Definition: Refers to the shared though it may still be said in Latin.
responsibility and collaboration The priest usually faces the
among bishops, in union with the congregation (versus
Pope, in governing and guiding the populum), encouraging active
universal Church. participation by the faithful through
responses, lay readers, offertory
Roots: Traced to the early Christian
processions, and local hymns.
community as seen in the Acts of
the Apostles. -HISTORICAL AND
THEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND
Formal Development: Clearly
articulated during the Second
Vatican Council (1962–1965),
Collegiality means the bishops form balancing the primacy of the Pope
a body (college) with the Pope as with the responsibility of bishops.
their head.
The order of bishops... is also the
This college of bishops succeeds subject of supreme and full power
the apostolic college, ensuring over the universal Church, provided
unity, shared responsibility, and it is always understood that this
continuity of apostolic mission. college is united with its head, the
Roman Pontiff.
Emphasizes that bishops are not
isolated leaders, but are called to BIBLICAL FOUNDATIONS
work together for the whole
MT 18:18-20
Church.
Emphasizes communal
discernment and authority (“where
-DEVELOPMENT IN VATICAN II two or three are gathered in my
name…”).
Highlighted in Lumen Gentium
(Dogmatic Constitution on the
Church) and supported by Christus
Dominus (Decree on the Pastoral
Office of Bishops). ACTS 1:15-26 AND 6:1-6

Collegiality was most clearly Apostolic decisions made

developed in the Dogmatic collectively (replacement of Judas
Constitution Lumen Gentium. Iscariot, appointment of the first
where the bishops are described as deacons).
members of an episcopal college
that succeeds the college of the
apostles. GALATIANS 2:1-10

-LUMEN GENTIUM, NO. 22 St. Paul’s recognition of the

authority of the apostles (Peter,
“The order of bishops… is also the
James, John) shows respect for
subject of supreme and full power
collective leadership.
over the universal Church, provided
it is always understood that this
college is united with its head, the
-SYNODALITY
Roman Pontiff.”
Synodality comes from the Greek
Collegiality was a major theological
word synodos, meaning “a
development of Vatican II,
coming together” or “walking
together.”
It has been practiced throughout Synodality is the action of the Spirit
Church history in the form of local, in the communion of the Body of
regional, and ecumenical councils. Christ during the missionary
journey of the People of God.
Pope Francis describes synodality
as the “Path which God expects It signifies a way of “walking
of the Church in the 3rd together” where all members
millennium.” He emphasizes participate in the Church’s journey
listening, discernment, and and mission.
participation as essential aspects of
-LUMEN GENTIUM, NO.22
being a Church that journeys
together. “The order of bishops… is also the
subject of supreme and full power
BIBLICAL FOUNDATION
over the universal Church, provided
GALATIANS 2:1-10 it is always understood that this
college is united with its head, the
St. Paul’s submission to the
Roman Pontiff.”
authority of the other apostles
shows respect for collective Shows how synodality is connected
leadership. to collegiality, since the bishops act
together with the Pope as head.

INSTRUMENTUM LABORIS

A working document used in the

Synod of Bishops.
-MAGISTERAL CLARIFICATION
Serves as an instrument for prayer,
Synodality involves clergy, dialogue, and discernment.
religious, and laity, not just
Not a final teaching but a guide for
bishops.
listening sessions and consultations
It is a response to a deeply in the Church.
ecclesial call to dialogue, co-
3 PILLARS OF SYNODALITY
responsibility, and unity in
diversity. COMMUNION

It does not replace hierarchy, but

enriches the Church by fostering
Refers to the unity and fraternity
participation and listening among
experienced by all members,
all the baptized.
reflecting the Trinitarian nature of
-SYNODALITY IN THE LIFE AND God.
MISSION OF THE CHURCH NO. 6
PARTICIPATION prayer and service, not as a
cloistered nun.

EARLY LIFE AND FAMILY

Highlights the active involvement
of all the baptized, ensuring that no Born to Giacomo Benincasa (a
one is excluded from the Church’s wool dyer) and Lapa Piagenti
life. (mother of 25 children).

MISSION

Twin Sister Giovanna: Catherine

had a twin named Giovanna, who
Refers to the Church’s calling to
sadly died shortly after birth.
share the Gospel and make God’s
Catherine survived, which her
love tangible in the world.
family considered a special sign of
God’s purpose.

Full Name: Caterina di Giacomo di

Benincasa
Catherine was the 24th child in the
family, though many siblings did
not survive infancy.
Birth: March 25, 1347, in Siena,
Italy

From childhood, she showed signs

of holiness: at age 7, she
Death: April 29, 1380 (aged 33)
consecrated her virginity to Christ
She was initially buried at the
and experienced her first vision of
Basilica of Santa Maria sopra
Jesus.
Minerva in Rome, which is still her
major shrine today.

Feast Day: April 29

Titles: Virgin, Mystic, Doctor of the

Church, Co-Patroness of Europe,
Patroness of Italy
SPIRITUAL LIFE
Religious Affiliation: Third Order
Dominican (Tertiary) – she lived Lived in prayer, penance, and
as a laywoman dedicated to service to the poor and sick.
Practiced extreme fasting and Pope Gregory XI – Catherine
asceticism, especially in her later influenced him to return the
years when she lived almost papacy from Avignon to Rome in
entirely on the Eucharist. 1377, a turning point in Church
history.

Experienced visions and mystical

experiences, including her famous
“Mystical Marriage” with Christ,
Her Disciples / “Caterinati” – A
where Jesus placed a ring (invisible
group of followers including clergy,
to others) on her finger.
nuns, and laypeople who
PEOPLE IN HER LIFE considered her a spiritual mother.

Giovanna (Twin Sister) – Died in

infancy; Catherine grew up with a
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CHURCH
sense of being specially chosen.
Mediator & Peacemaker:
Lapa Piagenti (Mother) – At first
Intervened in political conflicts
opposed Catherine’s desire to
among Italian states.
remain unmarried, wanting her to
marry. Later, she respected her Avignon Papacy: Persuaded Pope
religious calling. Gregory XI to return the papacy to
Rome.
Giacomo Benincasa (Father) –
More supportive of Catherine’s PRIESTLY MISSION
religious devotion.
She lived out the priestly mission of
Blessed Raymond of Capua Christ though her life of prayer,
(Spiritual Director & Confessor) penance and intercession for
– Dominican priest who became her others.
mentor and biographer, writing The
PROPHETIC MISSION
Life of St. Catherine of Siena. He
helped spread her teachings. Boldly proclaimed the truth of
Served as St. Catherine of Siena's Christ and called for reform in the
spiritual director and confessor. He church, living out her prophetic
became her close advisor and is mission.
also known for writing her
KINGLY MISSION
biography, Legenda Major.
She cared for the sick, poor and
marginalized, living out Christ’s
servant leadership.
She reconciled warring families and DIALOGUE OF DIVINE
factions, fostering peace and unity PROVIDENCE
in Italy.
Her most famous spiritual work.
She showed great courage in
The Dialogue of Divine Providence
guiding secular and Church leaders
was dictated while she was in
towards justice and charity.
ecstasy probably between October
As a layperson, she exercised her 1377 and November 1378, though
kingly mission by humbly serving probably re-edited by her later.
others and working tirelessly to
reform both the church and society.
Dialogue of Divine Providence is
CANONIZATION
both a theological and mystical
Date of Canonization: October 29, text, guiding Christians in their
1461 spiritual journey by teaching about
God’s providence, Christ’s
Where: St. Peter’s basilica where
redemption, the virtues, the
he delivered an oration
Church, and the path to holiness.
“Catherinam Senensem”
highlighting her holiness, life and
miracles.

By: Pope Pius II (Enea Silvio

Piccolomini), who was himself from
Siena, Italy.

Reason for Canonization:

Recognized for her holiness,
mystical experiences, writings,
service to the Church, and
influence on the papacy.

was St. Catherine of Siena

declared a Doctor of the Church
by Pope St. Paul VI on October
4, 1970. This title recognizes her
profound wisdom and spiritual
insights, particularly her
contributions to theology and
mystical writings.