powar druven eH raved a 10) Hare] deeen Held rivet ese eens Tees PDS 100 por qo 40 270 wor | 8° £0 aso > Busted connection '— ott ef J The nominal da of rived sale bo be shank dioS unde cold cord’s and gpost dia of rave taken an £ dio. of hole +The derangth ob u revel & bused on Ue grease diet under the axsueophin thal revel fells the: hole conplely "For ease tn connedion dia of hele ca taken tanger, than ominal dia of rivel thus a pen 1s. code, Fare nominal dia asmnm Gross Ata= pominal cha + 2m 7 «Number off rivals ruses] Ti eee ne $ | Rus mn? of 5 oH + Atceong of jocnd [sk ‘beating vate 2 tonst votve of. Psebb PE. gio 0 N=. Taeanath of cold plod * “rang Reed : Pye whoarang strength of Jott Pi > bearing ” d hstsihalt? Teaming 1 Aled foun for enkee Pode © 2 Werbaveto ensunaithat Pee less because recived failure a monte chrgertavs. + « For Entire plate? 4 deut valve of Ps, PiPé x 190 (Seah of sole] mmunplole CB -faddx # 8F ay ' & xen Ft aan KIC, 7 oe => ne Pe Length : eae Ma cape XFL go ne aan Fe > ne Sn > n g Revels 3 A RIVES Ha raveled jocrd ont arceargedl to two {foreg, Parelly pp chaan raveting: @ Diamond Fevediny Lai 100° ae nibh ; abe « “an chain cuiveding he, rivals are : rel on shower ee I ; ici, as ond act ene te either side of the jourd tecig fe 8g" «secon 3-3 thwerdtical suchen Jon the coven plate pain plete aoAS Dire Pattern of rdvelng stebpreisty utbtip2raiitoy| 2° Felli iis Mena: Ce 0m bea tobe checked! for! main plate én Conmyiny & o required Loc » Jon muin plode, Pea = (a4) xt KEE Pa-a = CR-ad)x tx Fe t Ry Pa-ae Cohrungth for cover. pode Pa-as Ce-ad) xtnhe Pe-a= (8-24) RE SEE Ee Seettseley ae ETE * Minimum end and ee distance, Kaas Faapara food, bo} Jon caver plate the fash seckion ‘a checket fort iNet Note, 4» of Br the etl ava chapre Cho end same ind rd he PAE distance wgpaller “han F mm, thas Re recommended Yelves tn compassion ¥ teoston Zend ore rea Dae SS Eoertaaes hy SO, HE, Fer. caring , ’ © Mun pékb= xt are 300TH Conta” of 283" For donsion !- Max? pilch= gut ore 00m min” of he hoe ) ) should oot be roore than wos bit ot gc@ rm *Gtawye | iia ae ee chose et reece * Whur nana any eepaied to crnosten, them Pane: of This’ pucommandodion « pridvicled | fo pravent Hsu type cok stone shar ies tee deilou dn phtes «> splitng ne pote fo, oh plates ‘ 3 Bewl d lure a, plate | * Edge clan and end distance Caine) “The, aleve pteviston’ w vais ne | "The ih paetlel 1 he & done by michere ot elements rEdge distance & end distance Cmioinm) =he¥ wear o: dishunce ¢ obne by band riven elements * *Bub fore analysts alse saree caine and end destance C gateimar = 20K GOH | die. of rived « rite G ¢ 4 2A gross dia Gf daveb (oochine cd clement) ron etn a : f mevet (band droiven +The above preovisters «vale ore the” a den fed cf i "Tau Riv & thay oe So a nt ay 7 csferoclvral eomponort at Single yrds “They dete conn] omy Lows} bcoz we taal an when two seg adage: dtp s rad a + 100 mm th cose o tension + Less than gon mm ep cose of compression + The atve racomendasionast, valid Sor botheP Nate Fire ficdd rcivel, the pnmssite shruss (6 roche byio ®) The permissible tress im rive uber wind ood cond” as Per S£0D can be tnereared by 25% - 9 The permissible cheese to rE yr wind ang carcthepoke cond as pert IS £00 can be (ncreaued by $57 Cover plate shod pol be KEE ns 800508) Toble no -_ 3° Chay B)"%S woo! 2003 Axsertton in duatgn of ruvebul joord ©The applied ena dead & assume to be chard by abt te rive © The tensile dress Co: 6 fy) Shear tras Comfy) ae etn sruss of thure respective centres afte amamed te be under 2 The eed of obenchiny stussia lected - 1 Grup fangth w the som of Fides of eo, ph ysgchsm) ews) dor Ab Girdp length Ly af ir, a bp toh HS © The fruchoo force iw 4he" plodedite oagleded L& GAD HL oR Come Inport eorateratiod )oiov ot wick Q/ To colevisle ran of caver, plates Bilt up Moinyan ston for raved Inlesdo beat 1 o> 10% » 13% FISH © Pier > soled comedion A ae Hhruosle) ak the othr ene] 40 raceive a nud» + Veron dupe of bois are” ONS Block bolt/ erlang bolt / vinta bi “t ‘Plohan thickness. of covert. plate, es red gives tan Te Waieal «7 bolt & a metal pin with o heed of $one onl and 6 chunk panic 2 haw. 9 9 83h ty the temod expanuve balls, vsee for: Light, Heychyua abjecked 0 Woke ood) and fore secershary mernbens ach 04 pins, bg * They arm ot reccommencesl Jor connedions subjected fo émpuch tea, brwdion & fodique - * The bolts ot aveilable from smm fo 26mm india. and are designated os ms fo NOt. "old ph propery clas 4:6 means 1) UHemfe h of bolt (Jus) = 400MPa 4D Yield shrargth of belt Ch yn): 0°6x400 = uO MPa sty sors) hod ue - Tet be chun area (As6) tray ake root of Hered (Ane 0-9¢ A) KPShrinal erg ae lek hear fihey — TSk co Lins dade hab covbines ood br fersion fuslune on one plane ¢ shes ate Joikire on another plane « ae a ay cet aban ‘and bolt Doorn of at els Undere norumat. sthuastian dia of bolt hole ode cobank arta fo facilitate enedtor faregert than the + (oie? pitch and gavage epg * Whera d a r spi a thesRalha ore kept part ef a sifted deka one a mote pitch @& FF ensured due to" © Th prevent bearing, Feuer of mombir 'befawen the fic Fells, + Te permd offedive tostaldion of bef. i O For dension member + PF [6 Lor 200 mM ‘ O Fee Compression rmumber + P Flat ae Jelmey @ Fore rows near dhe edye P Pat + 100mm or Voom @ etaggered pilch + When the gauge doer nel orice 75 mm the pitches 9 124 So my be increased by 5O% when bolis ant rraqulonly sh @ Maruca guyee geaxt on 300mm Corte ea + Norxienns” pilehs = 19} ce desireable 9 to ho “Followiney Measons » 1 Te reduce the Cerys of connedivn # quad plafe ie fo have ce compact joint \ Te. have undone feus w Wale’ fon wide paste, pech u cefens lance of bolls rreaserted along the lon place, the bolt, so vcventhy claed Jogpether Jor sd balls ved as cordre fo confine dd agi of the comedion @ Llgr A dolore —s «Minimum end ort edge: ditante = b3da ae Con sheeted ote hard: flame cot eke) + Munirna ord of ede distance = ee Cor machine eet and plained eelyss) Here de «a diamefer: of bolt hole + Mox™ end on edge distances 12 tE % 4 thickens sae ple CPs pot a aS “> > edhe didenge . aE a * Cdhan the rebar eh sa 4‘on edye didunce J omuahip oth s ‘ sox edye chfunte Hom Ate» ai sive ervéreanemer rt” | | Talry os e + May” pach = 3al ere ome (when pote ane neh expr fo we + ax™ pilch = 14 on 200% Cuter $end 2” «Fro fuse mamiara pled buck, te back, the moseram pitch of totking ale Z4ercmm 2 SD WELDE INECTION. Re ONES 44 + Theo) thickness & a designed 40 em ey bea 2 wel V “size of uald a minimum ot min S10rty) Gq = pereetssible, drwy under hana Be oerUer te i ic eee TE) dae KS Caepends one velve) ‘ prea Aye ayor gues 250" /uTO. 42 OF 8S eek mn TENS Gg = given pe Onl xhege) = © Eat wad 10 be conneded 6 This Aype of weld ca ysed echo the mambots ovarap eathothire iA Sued aad & @ wal of approrimalaly Grciangvlaer cmos: uring tuoe seefucer approxsrorlehy od cog angles to each otha jocnk on tee foced : ota part of wld ubith t+ camel f9 be cHlechve én texans fie drm co colled, thrend © hte easvroed thal Jil wel ahonig oon csv Joe of sheo: rt fe design only for.Bine os net jhan x4 hikes The elledive Uorgh of fille wold cbovld bot be less ‘ett SThe sie of noremad fillel hull be fake as fine rn! wold lag sxe ~ Filled ae not be vied i the angle befsnen fusion face ca <60°% y (aut on we Cun sa on weld angle shosld be belween cate 120" + + Horo Fiche (Aa) = Kx SCRE of weld) [Home 22 4 only sxe of weld cs given | Bre fe 26S sinus? ser oS ion of filled contd i aya, i seco rages, + When the cross sed! A te town ws ordved “sella weld + wahon the creuss- section of ae filleb uk cs 30 te Go" Proany xoows 04 & gpecial fllel weld e The landed ast fillel weld a genercodly uses! concave filled weld are conven Julel fe wel face in concave, de + A fille weld ao formed oc cool on ordre -flleh weld epersrvg, om 1 Convex or eappronimulely slo HA Sillel okt a formed od noremal filled well om deap penelrehi felted weld depending upon te depth of prnedrcedion beypral the rtook ta less trun gee Ore Nyeree raspedivdy [ - [hy concave et O side Lilet veld 1 fale] wokl strused 79 oa ew, re odie hy he My chun porate tee ord felled woel . tee thon of that opel Lond: ts also Formed as Longphudinl 1 Cece dale © End filleh sold fe ed akasad toronewwee hal Os oe, the onus of bch o& 09 raghhiedes 4a, he licadion of applied! “Oh ts alto clormed ax Arcarsverse Fill i - TT SO Diagpnat file eakl'- ot & of ‘lef welel the caus of hich, cs todinesl bo the dirauhon of the applied Covel A alee ts placed on the sides or end of the base mefad and dar Gubjeded fo shear dtleey with tension on comprasslen or usually burly 3% Minium sige of weld 4 depends upon the Thidkneis of Jhichen plule OF thicknws i nol given, than we astume $= amm Thierens of dhrckon plate (rom) _ Nin" size of weld . o-t0 a 41-20 5 ai-aa & pe g, Cig ps0, dhntorm) St me doen ; 12 em ~ qbyckpus atm ~ Sar Min® ske of wd = 5 O Sicoof filet {Tale -at) G4 shal pol be Lass than 3mm | suahan tbe minimum sige ob dhe lhe welds grtadon than the ‘phicxpes of Fhe thinner por, the minirourn <4 of thy well shold be eejvatto the Fhickpes of thinner pod: + yohera tha Ahicker port more fun SOM, Spe ave 40 be Juke ial pra howdy wll eooer pled? Redes on sqvare eye ES e— | Sm id Max? sige of wald = hickners of thinner PI case? A ripend edge! - Max -aige of wold= oft (75% of i + gb depends upon the Fhickniens of cose-! reas of thane~ A Dee dt 8 4A nS aes ELladhes tgh sb sell) upon the size of wel] St depends : a length of eaeld = duct Gayl of weld ax Size of weld a eed ength of weld ahould not be fess than 4 ttme the the size of wold eee tke of +} sxe of weld _pwz . weld [ Elodie cross _sechionad. Ores ef uahl ( Thread waa) = Le xt Aran. eff of wad tase Sewegth of vl pe « Ley le Fe > permissible shear dros, Fo = Hon Pa (ws) Ci-2s fare shop wold # 1-5 for fled wel) Jo = vliimode tensile gras i” Useel metal pasha woud «Fore wie] 0 Compression Zen? max mex” pith p2l6t on go0mm ™ pelth p=

Torsional shear straws od: pod £ 4 P Tee a Shuage of 1 edbion ae “ . Vina, vi CPE Tx Fran } Calculate rusollend jour. Delet plane woulda! ecanteic connedion * i +The cHed of eccentaic Lood P of the (om CG 4 weld ull be: diel food and a Beil rican ae a pDeple the cad led &, vii hor ‘+ Due fo berlir Ths bering ime kransfercrud a& horizontal sheer Wrest the well tera efor the eesuHonk shea wuss Feo] tag + QriFa tor ae" taedion Fa> VRttR? Corspression Yerbar Re ee « chad oben subjeed Ho eal Compression rt compan font + The design a gpromed by shang cand buckling * Mod commen) used Compression Mamba & cebvrnn Othert compression Members orce sfrvt, drtuss, Frame dc. Column + Dbyeded to Conprassian, + Lending moment cn also enist to his rember + used You freame consfadion Mbe, Rec frame, Heet frame Stow +BM is BN + tenslon and compression, ‘Ghanchion variceal RCC > Colvmny compass olen: sled bulding —>stunchion “The principal compression nouns to a crane a cole bee, Dade 2h dallure of oben sheyothi + Local fa *Flexunal * Tensionat + + Flexural Lonsiona buekling mmarnend the bendhiny tens" leases are develaped 0 the braced le 1 Since dhe Hone strases ant shear sawed © Etelve ergy co 8 Ca spy sSqunshing = When the 1s realy salt andthe cor ponent ‘Bole elarands are pravented Arar fecal busing thon the column ul be able to attain Us ful stray 6¢ sqyutah loud ecquush ood = Yield eras x area of crm sedion Lucet pulling '= Failure oceura by bckiny of ane ore mare trdividel Pte eGhox alemend s : énp: flange oF eb loclty Prien 4e averal bactng of cohen Eloxurcat_byckling'- 9p this mode, fuslure of the momber occut by ercessive defledian tn the plane cof weaker principal ands + Op dhe fy Tax 2 Dy So the rastfance abou! yy cous @ leis Qt compared 40 a-¥ ows - Hance buckling will occure cdbovt Y-¥ OS TLBrnsonat bekling $= This type of Suilure caused by facticg. ‘bak Uanactdinel cus q noernberr oF can cecurconly Em vhf agyprret russ section uth vary Jet serdey cous secloral atten Eloxureat torsiondt budeling * SH & caused by cembinod ion of Slexural and torsional bckliny . The member ex B YY Gms arte showy » bonds. und dane SStonuHuniavshy. This Hype of fazlane [Beare only tm uniyrindtntoh Creass sechons and singh gymmedad cat eooss-sediion | Loseprtea Qength of column +~ 9} is rmx” cleare cliunce belween otions oy the Slter level ard top of deem heore (0) a 2 Eiledive Length of cobme = ‘31 Length of column, belacen pond ot ‘oro remark or didune bohoten punt of coniroflenur. EHledive tuyth $ JP SOM, ue we peoretical valve, ars] (7 Gscode) velo Decign we use TS reaconwmend io ar «Bere (ocad cour, cove valve ome Cereased 8 57: “Fon ball ered cohen cfwve Values oie encrtaared by 10% Ahan the travel sly of soppord Ln ec %g The offedtive dlenderness rafio of a cantileyer_cohmn 4 o> os Ya i au Yn © /n OvtheSendernes calio of @ colvmn i xoro when ds length dn OF Efe lerglh equetl 40 aclual Lengths 1 & vary tage 55 cpt to & celia of yyrotion CAT. sopport onal sides Ahaaugitbot ce leet Fox c cantiler beam of (owfh ‘Le Covknams od spt ord pordialy rtestrained cain Jacsion o} the support ora drat of jhe und, the oHfedive un © coped tel ® bea ® (eat ® l= ost & L, cstoophy Supported. bean end — custrouned ogained forssion ; end-oy compression flange purely rasfrained Ogaintt Coder a> Le spon > Leo esspan > > 75 Spon AL = oF spon ¥y Ww Aran Effockive Sore onl = geaidhous OF gfrcsiony ye) Letfedive Fino Radios of gyration “— 94 a distance ouchdhel ds site routteplieg) by orua que rumen’ of encadia abo) the given aus Eade Jeng of Set wots sat a. tnvhgan baba? hao jo tf te called os disconti nuove cut ‘eas + St ao atreut span overr mare {han 4wo joins then fib ced ca continins Hert 7 + Sb a Snale ange disconfinwcs The ange ef tacng wont vedic a 4" 70° (walang cleat) + S46 dlecremwes, Langll of facing wll emacs, + Effective tangth Fore Single “Lociny Ley = bt + For dvble + Ley= aah For welled lacing Lett =0 alt + Minima Fhyckness of facing monber Tha sh Hun aegle Locirg) tins Lt Chon dose lsieg ) * Minimum wid of (acing. poembert Dt depends upon the nominal clia of rivel % 99 cose of welling, width of (acity bare & Som ( 4 Meo wecth of Lacy mrembes 16 rm some 18 mm somm 0 rom 60m 22 mm rm Kecuss 9 Lang poimber. * Lacing syshm t dexgoee) fo rash o tranverse shear frve of V=ae5% of column feed + The Fransverse chearrforce on cath Caring bare ee +2 donoles ro: parallel plabes + For singe tacing sytem of hoo paral fore sgplom the foe to euch cate bat = 75g as "Far dole Lacing sym amas G4 The eHedhve clenderness readio of laced column, comparad to Gclvat mor" slerdennets pedi chat be considered as Od 1.05 fimer o bp b+10 termes lacing - 57 a & 1615 tomes es % pao times. iG Battns yw oh + Ob behave (eke very salt bears membare f° Hi Gubjeded fo BN + Tho Leif. of butlrresl column shoudl be cncracees) Won, s Minimum 9p of bation = eprovide batten on opposite fuces suzh that one Ghoul be the minor cena e of ofan: « Sigh edema ete a» 2 Cincre axed by 10% tn budtens dxe-2 rn? achved shendennes rent @ ESfesbux cept . + EHfedive depth shisld nol be fess than the chutame Cantrocd component emambert« de AKEriective depth chovle] net be fess than twice the wotdih oF OPE TTT” 8p plane of baltencs) de {2b Beams bi Kederally ypreedsd bow — Ladacally voupeetel bean 84 the comprussion flange of Sf the compression large of beam bears ix nif rastrauned agin 24 rasta qacunit Ladera reed Loderal moment , then Aca calles} then fees coded as Loderatt ‘4 "Y SY EMedive length of batten «chan tntraased by op [0% > 7% (4 Lodexatly unsvpperied beemon Supported beam or Coches 2 (at Cferealty sdrceuines| bean Restrained bear Paw Fre rod dab oe] lah bose Sab bse Compeast Sang ‘ AI + Porumicsible tensile sfrass of bolt ; | _ercthicall ae arms en al a ssedhon dor «5p the dakyp of benm, wo ase Shot Era cep of vb ’ re fe and chad - i cane are used Heh ond Ot vestry reaching abeor 6 taken os vaca dapth of He bas, $2 "94 cokrmn foed a anotythen 9 Tae alee tes Theives of hase pte a grenty| \ t= |S% (¢?_ 2) (user 19k occurs de to diasanal ae strand ed (se | 4 + wcupard precy 0m afore compuision 16 yaa \ Ses bose plate, Mir tobi «& precdeedl due fo cheurt force th webs 254 (g? orb) CL Se . ee jx are smal pes backing occurs belwean fue of eed ou atton of bise plude: beyond the wcll Pee tt Gs web . “eee Pabanih bean | Palio krows os web criphing coroprassive dass (0 base Hole + use pear the partion fal Concantralitn bends fo Wile eal Ee flanger e& calle as web Ly + Developed due to Large aa ed ca + Gkrass concentitadion occurs of the junction of web ee Slane - ] eghich one of the -llaang Sudun dass oot ofleck the fuferat bul Strang of w shoot T-Ledtion undexyoeny bending about as mujer a ®% Lodereally 95} unsupported daneth of thx coropresssion flame g LAF Raslions of ayrefion abowt ae cons of a se ant 9 Bondy cand” ot the ends Jy Rosters of gyration abovt he miner ons of the sedi | yeows 4 on tel at Cyseel bus a + Adopt when the foo! eh ried erfruat teed accompalned by BM + Hayy eceninic teodling erAreeaccan be incrected, pepe * od one transfer + Cndlical section fon BM ts od toe of used plabe Cone 9 weno] : Ot 4 the eral portion al o/s appied , fencion will not be dovels peal oleae Tldoplsanen Lands &o cobews ane erly ean ga "The bearing capacity of sot] for te area genet /slab a nol enoyyb + Distribtton ercea & very Conye . sl eh ee adn, cathin sahth bod 2sWeb creipph 1 } —— Scilurte occur meas the support due he lack of beanueg cupuely | incense Wek crcppling — Web butkliing A SF web crapping generally ocr of the Socrd where 2} BM trax” b> SF & Pio” com: toad och 4S Delledion cy max” «sa beang Cranley Circle Wawro Gtantrey Gueder cre subjeded to > Gravity Ceca, Cee ches Lud + Uve (eel + eye of crane tres op tntghd of ally ©) D Lederal (cod de fu shading or Stopping of nel) 2 2 tonypheinal oul Colo starry sopping of crane) These 3 Loe) cute rovhualty 40 each ober Horizontal & vereficat toad ae ciples} sirmbtaniovly ctourie cotress in qumlny girder aru encremtedl lox Reel (tod de fe tropa eraditional drop (gal Tyre ef nding SEATED il 257. gta” Holic had Load 10%, of max” Horizontat Force Transverse fo Reil be Fon E+0-C To of way of dolly * weg Wfted as Fon M06 ae F " Horizontal force along #4 raul — 51 6f dodic wheel ood. Sepud Allowance F-o-¢ > dlednicaliy oparaded crane M0-C > mandy + ° © 8¢ cahich of dhe Follasing conmuch rogprdang qui gras > ob federally snpted ewcepl al + Coluoms UAE OF te subjetedl tu mmpud Love) <> St shovel Ble analysed for naymmaakeut bering 4) SH & rok subjected do Larychetinalded . & cobted of he fallout Lowa 6 nol omtler em pty grder a) Langpllina Wa ¥ gpevity Loud > loderat Soc} LAF wind toa ey The rman” wheel dove] 4 obtuinel hen a> crane crak 4 farcihed fh gunty grok uacerane crab & docest fo ey crane crab 4 not wstichec 4) crane cra cs oF mie Apu Y The aN. due to decd loud of gired ert nat” af a> on Ys distance of span eratisite, © end of span AD conta of spun Plude ger '— 0 lade quero vivaly Fingpl o Sonu ‘udhore eres. sedion & campuses of plate olaments, flange plate, o7 andl wab- oquiveden - +34 built up boum can nal wellstune| appliesl locad hon plate qed + plate giredere concish of flange plite, flare cafe? uch plate. ae . oo E ee chest depth dy ; \ ith flange cover plothy russion rue : +k coratl of flange plate , lunge org ned woh axpivekrd «web eqpivalenle Aha web area orbeded bea? toy flange angle + 9m comprussion zone Marge veh aqpivalenl ts Faken oxen q.ith on Oe $ + SH consist of flange plate, angle and web eqvalent 4.9m tension zone, waob equivant ts karen as “3 # + 3 gb cos, uch beng che fo shea it rf happy se fh aru nd provide. The woh uit! be unsti Hes! +3 =A > 85, vordical Hifena are provided fo provend bldg ©}, web dve 4o diagonal comprssianubichacecipd fF + St fs damm, horazenl hilo arp ene Nhe pravend behing ofuch de lo bendngconprive fro = 51 gh pasn, then adalat hiffoors ora pre is +3 # pacn , Then sedion crusd be realesignes] Alor pro ‘panel should not exceed 140 bw + Graal clear clmension, of web panel 22%0 key widing cll the expan ta smell 9 fouds ose heavy pan is cma & Loud cre Lg Pspan te farye & loud are ugk Oy Why platy geen & ies oven ase er ? o> Bq cepenes coslly meuntanance &> bigun vortcal clearance reaped Lome Po Han FG) ey cod of fabrication of Pa % bly Mason Th 4 # walled box plate Gisder => economical I, depth u fienied £ Di The mombuns # conned Oo inpalticd Ratrileulacs Lowel: are 400 org. Ue Jec} fo oral tension a calle) Toon Neches 0 A streuhuul rvsehol rxenbst, SUP ‘ renrban? Con) Tit p ae ie lions re $0 anaanyed thal econtracity CP fhe connate ¢ Ranking chess ara ooh dovlapd cay Seely Non urifnan cfraaning of runkar dit Fo fern cate Deon + hewn redue th olticiony of tension membor thud are nd connected fo the quesel plate + For readveing shear Leg Lengthening of cohnectons * todd in officioncy arte done Allen he nes ae. est te sat plece of, angle useet $o cont the ovtstan £6g of the Gtrvdlural membor ty she ase ple +The purpose of Saey 1s fo tashee She Log of cannedion fo gist Hebe ard carce the shear fg efled : Shaan Oey effeck tu reseed by errs ng He teglh of come aaa by Providing hey ong sit ty f + Sf hug onile are us, the ebiiony of Aension roamber tn 38 ‘Lexy hs tocraesed, Shor shear leg ed, decwaied bk eficiancy aso decreased 1, tug angle id Lesa then eHigory tal ons abenmlegpe raed yadhe e rerganed (ne radveina da & < wes pwcampanerds of ruse ‘= kt hen a part @ to be ‘porn |. Honizonfoll baat Spornin belvcan the teo> aalacenl 4 ora uses} tu join fw seckions us} rach ens apse ment ate JM > sai sk pound whens the + tohan © splice oceura (0 an angle, cham, Jer ort jord section, He oP alopeny P choral meek - Joma ex raceivesl from gee Lbroygh hu connedtion 09 De scauae! aigeheod cuppa of estde of joint and francferaud £9 the spe cover pie "d witha vo sim ute A Broan C cowally cols) Dorma Hesbere osell ploe Bectom chords (CD := the Lows Langthudioal rember of ass Canteen += part of struthwal member thud exberds beyprd Ss csupporl » \ cunfilven strut i= wtb tbo jount he ictiom chord cutove “the. bearing ‘pont to the Aap chord of a cantilevered truss ov t= exension of the Lop choral of u. brwse bo yore the beaniny “supporch « Se LS Top chord ore Refer! horvigonlat eurkart haf establishes Al Upper eae of a truss hub Gnd: dross Sype formed by the troneon of a porunal Ardonglan truss « Web! membares fab joen the top re otis chads fo farm Artorgon patton , * The force than cattries| Foriag)h these Covers. cacrcots the jot ta transforcead| ko othe porchon of momber threoxgh the connection Ly Re EE" CY A column splice tt seal fo incrtoue LF Long of cheno 9 heangh of cohen © Grow sectenal oreo. colury a None of the clove As pare 1870 Foe al eek = “properchionall atmd — 10 -220 Yom? Yield stung - 230-280 Yin? a y= 2410-5 30 rom? Fruchre chunglb - 20-300 rm? eloggstion of fremedure — a3 trash Bauntog huss = 0-454. Tepe of truss te oof Truss Tru art rang Frame wank, consiing of excentiodly anidlly Piuthc analysts l- cchape dackor Loaded) merberes which ore MORE offcciert ¢° malig peoost ter + ince the oross-sedion & nearly uniformly drassee. eThey ore entensively sed to gon flange Gert “yd a + Truss are used crooks. of a fore conde “a ; fang spanjloon t of motley bully» rash gravity FTrewse ore also used tm alt and horizontit plna of dodobrvat bucklings 40 rusisd faderal fool 8