1.

Kohlberg Theory of development is concerned His operation is again divided into five types
with (1) Cognition
(a) Language Development (2) Recall
(b) Social Development (3) Conventional Thinking
(c) Moral Development (4) Non-conventional thinking
(d) Physical Development (5) Evaluation
Ans. (c) : Kohlberg theory of development is concerned 5. Eight years old Sudhir has mental age of ten.
with moral development. Kohlberg’s theory of moral What is his IQ?
development is a theory that focuses on how children
(a) 80
develop morality and moral reasoning. Kohlberg’s
theory suggests that moral development occurs in a (b) 100
series of six stages. This theory also suggests that moral (c) 110
logic is primarily focused on seeking and maintaining (d) 125
justice. Ans. (d) : Given that,
2. The Concept of Programmed Learning was Mental age = 10 year
given by Chronological age = 8 year
(a) Hull (b) Thorndike Mental age
(c) Skinner (d) Watson From the formula of- IQ = ×100
Chronological age
Ans. (c) : The concept of programmed learning was
given by Skinner. Programmed learning received its 10
So, IQ = = 125
major impetus from the work done in the mid-1950’s by 8
the America on behavioural psychologist B. F Skinner
and it is based on the theory. That learning in many 6. Which theory of emotion deals with the idea
areas is best accomplished by small, incremental aspects “Emotional experience depends upon
with immediate reinforcement or reward for the learner. emotional behaviour”?
3. A relatively permanent change in behavioural (a) James-Lange Theory
potentiality that occurs as a result of reinforced (b) Hypothalamic Theory
practice is (c) Activation Theory
(a) Learning (b) Motivation (d) Motivational Theory
(c) Attitude (d) Aptitude Ans. (a) : James-Lange Theory of emotion deal with
Ans. (a) : A relatively permanent change in the idea "Emotional experience depends upon emotional
behavioural potentially that occurs as a result of behaviour." The James-Lange theory of emotion
reinforced practice is learning. When we observe any suggested that emotions occur as a result of
change in a person’s behaviour, we can say that learning physiological reaction to events. In other words, this
has taken place. Learning means the act, process, or theory proposes that people have a physiological
experience of gaining knowledge or skill. It can change response to environmental stimuli and that their
our behaviour. interpretation of that physical response then results in an
4. Cognition is a part of which Intelligence emotional experience.
Theory? 7. Emotional tension, resulting from a blocking of
(a) Sampling Theory
a desire or need is called
(b) Group Factor Theory
(a) Conflict (b) Frustration
(c) Guilford’s Theory
(d) Fluid & Crystallized Theory (c) Anxiety (d) Tension
Ans. (c) : Cognition is a part of Guilford’s Theory. J. P Ans. (b) : Emotional tension, resulting from a blocking
Guilford and his colleagues presented a three of a desire or need is called frustration. Frustration is a
dimensional model of intelligence. According to him common emotional response to opposition, related to
intelligence can be viewed from the perspective of three anger, annoyance and disappointment.
dimensions- 8. Which of the following is not the law of
(1) Material learning?
(2) Operation (a) Law of readiness (b) Law of stress
(3) Product (c) Law of effect (d) Law of exercise
Ans. (b) : Law of stress is not the law of learning. The Ans. (a) : Binet-Simon gave the concept of mental age.
other three-law of readiness, law of effect and law of Mental age is an estimate of a person’s cognitive
exercise are the rules of learning which thorndike gave development derived from raw score performance on
in his learning theory of effort and error. intelligence, achievement or neuropsychological tests.
9. Piaget is mainly known for studying Mental age is most frequently estimated in children, likely
(a) Language development due to the emergence and protracted developmental course
(b) Sexual development of cognitive skills during this period.
(c) Cognitive development 15. According to Terman, child having I.Q ranges
(d) Social development from 90-100 is considered
Ans. (c) : Piaget is mainly known for studying (a) Dullness
cognitive development. Jean Piaget’s theory of (b) Average Intelligence
cognitive development suggests that intelligence (c) Superior intelligence
changes as children grow. A Childs cognitive (d) Feeble Mindedness
development is not just about acquiring knowledge, the Ans. (b) : According to Terman, child having I.Q ranges
Child has to develop or construct a mental model of the from 90-100 is considered as average Intelligence.
world. I.Q Classification
10. When training given to one part of human 140-169 Genius
body gets transferred to the other part, then it 120-139 Very Superior or gifted
is called 110-119 Superior
(a) Vertical Transfer (b) Horizontal Transfer 90-109 Average
(c) Bilateral Transfer (d) None of the above 80-89 Slow learner
Ans. (c) : When training given to one part of human 70-79 Border line
body gets transferred to the other part, then it is called 50-69 Morons
Bilateral Transfer. Bilateral Transfer of learning or 25-49 Imbeciles
training is the phenomenon of practicing a novel task Below 24 Idiots
with one limb which then typically facilitates 16. In learning, Pavlov’s conditioning theory, he
subsequent learning and performance by the opposite, experimented on
untrained limb in the same task. (a) Cat (b) Dog
11. The score in a given set of data that appears (c) Monkey (d) Rat
most frequently is called Ans. (b) : In learning, Pavlov’s conditioning theory, he
(a) Mode (b) Mean experimented on Dog. Ivan Pavlov was researching
(c) Median (d) Standard Deviation salivation in dogs in response to being Fed. During his
Ans. (a) : The score in a given set of data that appears studies on the digestive system of dogs; Pavlov noted
most frequently is called Mode. The mode is the value that the animals salivated naturally upon the
that appears most often in a set of data value. presentation of food.
12. Operant Conditioning Theory was propounded 17. Learning by insight theory was propounded by
by (a) Thorndike (b) Kohler
(a) Pavlov (b) Skinner (c) Pavlov (d) Woodworth
(c) Thorndike (d) Kohler Ans. (b) : Learning by insight theory was propounded
Ans. (b) : Operant Conditioning, also known as by Kohler. Insight learning is a process that leads to a
instrumental conditioning is a method of learning sudden realization regarding a problem. Often, the
normally attributed to B. F Skinner. Where the learner has tried to understand the problem, but steps
consequence of a response determine the probability of away before the change in perception occurs. Insight
it being repeated. Through operant conditioning learning is often compared to trial and error learning but
behaviour which is reinforced will likely be repeated it’s slightly different.
and behaviour which is punished will occurs less 18. Process of arousing, sustaining and regulating
frequently. activity is
13. Albert Bandura is associated with which of the (a) Motivation (b) Sensation
following? (c) Learning (d) Perception
(a) Social Learning Theory Ans. (a) : Motivation is the process of arousing,
(b) Behavioural Theory sustaining and regulating activity. In other words
(c) Cognitive Theory of Development motivation is the process that initiates, guides and
(d) Psycho-Social Theory of Development maintains goal-oriented behaviours. It is what causes
Ans. (a) : Albert Bandura is associated with Social you to act, whether it is getting a glass of water to
learning theory. Social learning theory emphasizes the reduce thirst or reading a book to gain knowledge.
importance of observing, modeling and imitating the 19. Way of minimizing forgetfulness
behaviour, attitudes and emotional reactions of others. (a) Under learning
14. Who gave the concept of mental age? (b) Defective method of learning
(a) Binet-Simon (b) Stern (c) Repetition of lesson
(c) Terman (d) Cyril Burt (d) Lesser attention in memorising
367
Ans. (c) : When a person fouls to bring his past (c) Development of Values
experiences or learner things into consciousness, than it (d) Psychology of Adolescents
is called forgetfulness. Therefore, In order to reduce Ans. (d) : Stanley hall in his book Adolescence
forgetfulness, it is necessary that the things learned or published in 1904, has explained the development of
experiences are repeated. adolescence under ‘theory of sudden development’.
20. Anger and fear is a type of According to him, The Physical, mental and emotional
(a) Motivation (b) Emotion changes that occur in adolescence are sudden. Hence,
(c) Hypothesis (d) Instinct Hall’s explains the psychology of adolescents.
Ans. (b) : Anger and fear is a type of emotion. There 26. Psycho-sexual development of human
are 14 emotions have been described by Mcdogall. personality has been emphasized by
Emotion is a complex state in which some body
(a) Comenius (b) Hall
reactions such as changes in heart rate, changes in blood
pressure, changes in breathing rate and changes in (c) Hollingworth (d) Freud
external organs occur. Ans. (d) : Psycho-sexual development of human
21. Copying of the external behaviour of another personality has been emphasized by Freud. According
individual is to Freud there are five different stages- Oral, Anal,
(a) Learning (b) Imitation Phallic latent and genital. Each Stage has its own traits
(c) Imagination (d) Thinking and characteristics that are indicative of its primary
Ans. (b) : Copying of the external behaviour of another source of pleasure.
individual is Imitation. In other word imitation is the 27. First laboratory of psychology was established

�
reproduction or performance of an act that is stimulated by
by the perception of a similar act by another animal or (a) W. Wundt (b) Sigmund Freud

--
1
person (c) Pavlov (d) Watson
22. If previous knowledge and past experience Ans. (a) : Wilhelm Wundt acclaimed as the father of
helps in new type of learning, it is called experimental Psychology, established the first
(a) Negative transfer of training psychological research and teaching laboratory within
(b) Positive transfer of training the philosophy department at Leipzig in around 1876.
(c) Transfer of training
(d) Learning 28. Who is the founder of Gestalt psychology?
Ans. (c) : If previous knowledge and past experience (a) Franz Brentano (b) Max Wertheimer
helps in new type of learning, it is called transfer of (c) Edgar Rubin (d) Kurt Lewin
training. Transfer of learning is usually described as the Ans. (b) : Max Wertheimer is the founder of gestalt
process and the effective extent to which past psychology Gestalt psychology is a school of thought
experiences. (also referred to as the transfer source) that looks at the human mind and behavior as a whole.
affect learning and performance in a new situation. When trying to make sense of the world around us,
23. Failing to retain or to be able to recall what has Gestalt psychology suggests that we do not simply
been acquired is called focus on every small component. Instead, our minds
(a) Imagination (b) Memory tend to perceive objects as part of a greater whole and
(c) Forgetting (d) Attention as elements of more complex systems.
Ans. (c) : Failing to retain or to be able to recall what 29. Consolidation Theory is associated with which
has been acquired is called forgetting. Forgetting is the of the following?
loss or change in information that was previously stored
in short-term or long-term memory. It can occur (a) Learning (b) Motivation
suddenly or it can occur gradually as old memories the (c) Memory (d) Creativity
lost. While it is usually normal, excessive or unusual. Ans. (c) : Consolidation theory is associated with
Forgetting might be a sign of a more serious problem. memory. Memories are solidified in long-term stores
24. Bhatia Battery is used to measure which of the over’s days weeks, months and years. This process is
following? referred to as consolidation. In this theory, an old
(a) Personality (b) Interest concept that refers to how long term memory develops
(c) Intelligence (d) Aptitude over time after initial acquisition.
Ans. (c) : Bhatia Battery is used to measure 30. Field Theory is the contribution of
Intelligence. Bhatia Battery is one of the popular (a) Behaviourists (b) Structuralists
intelligence tests in the Indian subcontinent. The battery (c) Psychoanalysts (d) Gestaltists
of test consist of 5 subtests. Koh’s Block Design (BD),
Alexander’s Pass-along (PA), Pattern Drawing (PD), Ans. (d) : The Field Theory of learning has been
Picture Construction (PC) and immediate memory (IM) propounded by Kurt lewin. Lewin is a gestaltists
Test. psychologist lewin field theory states in general terms
25. Hall’s theory explains which of the following? that human behaviour is a product of both the individual
(a) Nature of Intelligence and environment, which can be denoted by
(b) Role of Motivation in Learning B = F (PE)
1. Concept of "Collective unconscious" was given • According to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic
by ––––– . theory of personality, the superego is the component
(a) Pavlov (b) Skinner of personality composed of the internalized ideals
(c) Freud (d) Jung that we have acquired from our parents and society.
Ans. (d) : Collective unconscious, term introduced by The super ego works to suppress the urges of the Id
psychiatrist Carl Jung to represent a form of the and tries to make the ego behave morally, rather
unconscious (that part of the mind containing memories than realistically.
and impulses of which the individual is not aware) • The 'Id' is trying to get you to do thing like eat cakes
common to making as a whole and originating in the and not go jogging, and the Superego is trying to get
inherited structure of the brain. you to make good decisions and be an upstanding
For example, if we dream of an old man talking to us, person. So the Id and the Superego are always
we can decide it is a sign we are on the right track in life fighting with each other and the ego steps in
and approaching our personal inner wisdom. between the two.
The collective unconscious is also a way to feel
4. Cholecystokinin is a hormone which when
connected, instead of separated, from others in the
world. injected in human body
(a) Increase appetite
2. The term "Eros" is related to –––– .
(b) Increases appetite and thirst
(a) Life Instinct (b) Death Instinct
(c) Fear Instinct (d) Natural Instinct (c) Decreases appetite
(d) Decreases appetite and thirst
Ans. (a) : According to Freud, Eros is the drive of life,
love, creativity and sexuality, self-satisfaction and Ans. (c) : Cholecystokinin (CCK), formerly called
species preservation. Sigmund Freud referred to Eros as pancreozymin a digestive hormone released with
life instinct. secretin when food from the stomach reaches the first
• The counterpart of Eros is Thanatos - which is the part of the small intestind.
death instinct. It is responsible for violence, • It seems to be involved with appetite by increasing
aggression and hate-like negative feelings. the sensation of fullness in the short-term, that is,
• Fear is one of the basic emotions. Our natural during a meal rather than between meals.
instinct fear of violence, frightening things comes • Cholecystokinin stimulates the release of bile juices
under fear instinct. from the liver and gall bladder which improves
• Fear, anxiety, anger, frustration all comes under digestion.
natural instinct. • It regulates the movement of food through the
3. "Ego" is guided by stomach that helps in the effective absorption of
(a) Pleasure principle (b) Reality principle nutrients from the good.
(c) Idealistic principle (d) General principle • During this process, the human body feels satiated /
Ans. (b): According to Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalytic full and does not feel hunger. Thus the release of
theory, these are three parts to the personality: The Ego, cholecystokinin hormone decreases the appetite.
The Id and The Superego. 5. A child of 16 years scores 75 in an IQ test, his
• The Ego is the psychological component of the mental age will be ––––– years.
decision personality that is represented by our (a) 12 (b) 8
conscious making process. The Ego is controlled by
(c) 14 (d) 15
the reality principle, which is the idea that the
desires of the Id must by satisfied in a method that is Ans. (a) : I.Q. was introduced by the German
both socially appropriate and realistic. Psychologist Willam Stern which was widely spread by
According to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory of Tarman. It can be alulated with the formula.
personality, the 'Id' is the personality component made Mental Age
up of unconscious psychic energy that works to satisfy IQ = × 100
Chrono log ical Age
basic urges, needs and desires.
∴ Mental Age (MA) = [Intelligence Quotient (IQ) × • The main idea behind behaviouristic theory of
Chronological Age (CA)/100 learning is that learning is a change in, overt
Given, IQ = 75, CA = 16 MA = ? behavior of the learner occurring as result of
∴ MA = (75 × 16)/100 reinforced practice.
Hence, it could be concluded that Thorndike's theory
= 1200/100
falls under 'Behaviouristic theory.'
= 12 years.
10. Learning curves are indicator of
6. Central nervous system consists of –––––– .
(a) Progress in learning
(a) All organs (b) Brain
(b) Originality in learning
(c) Spinal cord (d) Brain and spinal cord
(c) Dynamic character of learning
Ans. (d) : The central nervous system is made up of the
(d) Creativity in learning
brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system is
made up of nerves that branch off from the spinal cord Ans. (a) : Learning curves are indicator of progress in
and extend to all parts of the body. learning.
• It is referred to as "central" because it combines • Learning curve is a correlation between a learner's
information from the entire body and co-ordinates performance on a task and the number of attempts or
activity across the whole organism. time required to complete the task, this can be
7. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is ––––––– . represented as direct proportion on a graph.
(a) Dissociative disorder • In all types of learning situations, the course of
(b) Adjustment disorder learning can be depicted and described graphically
(c) Anxiety disorder by drawing learning curves against the x and y- axis.
(d) Somatoform disorder 11. Social Learning Theory of Personality was
Ans. (c) : Obsessive - compulsive disorder is an anxiety given by
disorder in which people have recurring unwanted (a) Bandura & Walters (b) Dollard & Miller
thought, ideas or sensations (obsessions) that make (c) Carl Rogers (d) Jung
them feel driven to do something repetitively Ans. (a) : Social Learning Theory of Personality was
(compulsions). The repetitive behaviours, such as hand given by Bandura & Walters.
washing, checking on things or cleaning, can
• Albert Bandura proposed the Social Learning
significantly interfere with a person's daily activities
Theory of Personality. Bandura has presented his
and social interaction.
theory in a series of books.
8. Who framed the 'Test of Creative Thinking' to
• With Richard Walters as a junior author, Bandura
identify creativity?
wrote Adolescent Aggression in which Social
(a) Merrifield (b) Torrance
Learning principles were used to describe
(c) Cole and Bruce (d) Kent personality development.
Ans. (b) : Ellis Paul Torrance framed the 'Test of
12. Mirror Drawing Test is used to measure which
Creative Thinking' to identify creativity. It involved
of the following?
simple test of divergent thinking and other problem
solving skills, which we are scored on five scales - (a) Personality (b) Intelligence
fluency, flexibility, originality, elaboration and (c) Learning (d) Morality
abstractness. Ans. (c) : Mirror Drawing Test is psychological
• It was first published in 1966. assessment used to measure the rate of learning.
9. Thorndike's theory falls under which of the • The mirror drawing test is a Psychological test that
following categories? may be evaluated according to the speed and
(a) Behaviouristic theory accuracy in tracing, as well as can be judged in
(b) Cognitive theory terms of qualitative reactions.
(c) Psychoanalytic theory 13. ––––– is one of the measures of central
(d) None of these tendency.
Ans. (a) : Edward Thorndike is famous in Psychology (a) Range
for his work on learning theory that lead to the (b) Median
development of operant conditioning within (c) Average Deviation
behaviorism. (d) Standard Deviation
• Stimulus- Response is a concept that implies that Ans. (b) : Measures of central tendency are sometimes
behavour manifests as a result of the interplay also known as measures of central location. They are
between stimulus and response. also categorized as summary statistics.
The three most common measures of central tendency Law of exercise:- It is based on practice and drills to
in statics are mean, median and mode. Each of these learn something for a long period.
measures describes different indication of the typical or Law of readiness:- It refers to the degree of eagerness
central value in the distribution. and inquisitiveness to learn something new.
According to the option - (b) option is correct. 18. Which of the following involves longitudinal
14. Find the odd one out amongst following. approach of investigation?
(a) T.A.T. (b) 16 - PF (a) Case Study (b) Experimentation
(c) Cloud Picture Test (d) Draw-a-man Test (c) Survey (d) Introspection
Ans. (b) : The odd on is 16 - PF. Ans. (c) : The survey involves the longitudinal
• The Sixteen Personality Factor questionnaire is a approach of investigation. This is used on a large
self-report personality test developed over several population. But instead of studying to whole of the
decades of empirical research by Raymond B. population, a sample is studied.
Cattell, Maurice Tatsuoka and Herbert Eber. • Case study involves studying a few cases in contrast
to the large sample in the survey.
15. The concept of Development Task was
proposed by • Experimental research is concerned with the cause
and effect relationship.
(a) Hollingworth (b) Havighurst
(c) Jean Piaget (d) Hall • Introspection is the examination of one's own
conscious thoughts and feelings.
Ans. (b) : The concept of Developmental Task was
Option (c) is correct but according to commission right
proposed by Robert Havighurst in the 1950s.
is option (a) - case study.
According to R. Havighurst, the term refers to tasks
which arise in a social context during an individual 19. When a person's learning in one situation
lifetime. influences his learning and performance in
another situation. It is called –––– .
In development task theory, Havighurst identified six
age specific life stage covering birth to old age, each (a) Thinking
with a discrete set of developmental tasks. (b) Memory
According Havighurst, developmental tasks derived (c) Transfer of learning
from physical maturation, personal values and the (d) Intellectual development
pressures of society. Ans. (c) : The concept of 'Transfer of learning' is
16. Escape learning is based on introduced by E. Thorndike and S. Woodworth.
(a) Positive reinforcement • Transfer of learning means the use of previously
(b) Negative reinforcement acquired knowledge and skills in new learning or
problem solving situations. Thereby similarities ad
(c) Delayed reinforcement
analogies between previous and actual learning
(d) Omission of reinforcement
content and processes may a crucial role.
Ans. (b) : Escape learning is based on 'Negative Hence, it could be concluded that the above mentioned
reinforcement.' phenomenon is called transfer of learning.
• Escape learning occurs to terminate an unpleasant 20. According to G. Wallas the first stage in
stimulus uh as annoyance or pain, thereby creative thinking is
negativety reinforcing the behaviour. (a) Incubation (b) Illumination
• Negative reinforcement is part of operant (c) Evaluation (d) Preparation
conditioning which was a theory of learning that
Ans. (d) : Creativity is the phenomenon whereby
B.F. Skinner developed in 1930s.
imaginative and original ideas are turned into reality.
17. ––––– is one of the primary laws of learning. • Groham Walls Proposed one of the first complete
(a) Law of attitude models of the creative process. Wallas described
(b) Law of effect how it consists of the four stage process of
(c) Law of analogy preparation (or saturation), incubation, illumination
(d) Law of associative shifting and verification.
Ans. (b) : Thorndike developed the first three primary • The first stage in creative thinking is preparation.
laws of learning - readiness, exercise and effect. 21. The principle of trial and error was
These primary law are propounded by
Law of effect:- It is based on motivation and (a) Pavlov (b) Hegarty
reinforcement to make the learning experience pleasant. (c) Thorndike (d) Ross
Ans. (c) : E. L. Thorndike propounded 'Trial and error Ans. (d) : According to Woodworth, "Memory consists in
theory' which represents that learning is the result of learning what was previously learned he identified there
classification forming between stimulus and responses. dimension of memory relation, recall and recognition.
• "Mistakes teaches individual" statement is based on Hence reasoning is not a dimension of memory.
'Trial and error theory". 26. T.A.T. was designed by ––––––– .
• According to Thorndike learning take place by trial (a) Rorschach (b) Allport
and error. Some people call it, "learning by selection (c) Maslow (d) Murray
of the successful variant", accordingly when no Ans. (d) : The most widely known and used story
ready-made solution of a problem is available to the telling technique is the TAT. It was developed by
learner, he adopts the method of trial and error he Morgan and Murray (1935) in the belief that the content
first, tries one solution. of imagined stories would provide clues to the
22. 'Personality is the dynamic organization within underlying dynamics of a subject's interpersonal
the individual of those Psycho-Physical systems relationships and self-attitudes.
that determine the unique adjustment to his 27. Blocking of behavior that is directed towards a
environment the unique adjustment to his goal is –––––– .
environment.' This definition was given by (a) Emotion (b) Motivation
(a) M.L. Munn (b) S. Freud (c) Frustration (d) Aggression
(c) G.W. Allport (d) J.E. Dashiell Ans. (c) : Frustration results when a goal-directed
Ans. (c) : According to G.W. Allport, "Personality is acclivity is blocked by obstacle.
dynamic organization within the individual of those • People who cannot achieve their important goals,
psycho-physical systems that determine the unique feel depressed fearful, anxious, guilty or angry.
adjustment to his environment. Often they are simply unable to drive ordinary
pleasure for living.
• G.W (Gordon Willard) Allport was a pioneering
psychologist of then referred to as one of the 28. Which factor influences the colour of eye?
founders of personality psychology. (a) Environment (b) Heredity
23. Who is associate with 'Gestalt Theory of (c) Hormones (d) Society
Learning' from the following? Ans. (b) : Heredity plays the most important role in the
(a) Pavlov (b) Skinner "physical development of the child".
(c) Thorndike (d) Kohler • The colour of eyes, hair, skin, height etc is
determined by heredity.
Ans. (d) : The 'Gestalt Theory of Learning' or 'Insight
Theory of Learning' is promoted by Wolfgang Kohler, a • All the in born traits, instincts, potentials and IQ of
an individual depend on the heredity.
Gestalt theorist.
• All the potential inputs for growth and development
• In his theory, he has proposed the term 'Insight' that depend on heredity.
doesn't take place with trial & error, rather than it is
a sudden reorganization of experience. 29. "Basal" age is related to which measurement
from the following?
Ivan Pavlov - Classical conditioning theory.
(a) Interest (b) Personality
Skinner - Theory of operant conditioning.
(c) Intelligence (d) Attention
Thorndike - Theory of connectionism.
Ans. (c) : Basal age is the mental age level at which all
24. The component of language referring to rules the items on an intelligence test can be creditably
governing the structure and sequences of speed passed.
of sounds: Basal Age = Credit (until ceiling age) – Mental age
(a) Semantics (b) Grammar So, 'Basal' age is related to intelligence.
(c) Phonology (d) None of these 30. A child when scolded in class by a teacher
Ans. (c) : Phonology is the component of language returns home and shows anger to his/her sister
referring to rules governing the structure and sequence is an example of:
of the speed of sounds. (a) Displacement (b) Sublimation
• Phonology is the branch of linguistics dealing with (c) Conversion (d) Reaction formation
the way speech; sounds behave in a particular Ans. (a) : A child when scolded in class by a teacher
language. returns home and shows anger to his/her sister is an
25. According to Woodworth, it is not a dimension example of displacement.
of memory • Displacement is a psychological defense mechanism
(a) Retention (b) Recall in which a person redirects a negative emotion from
(c) Recognition (d) Reasoning its original source to a less threatening recipient.
1. Introvert, extrovert and ambivert kinds of Ans. (d) : Scope of child psychology is study the
personality is classified by characteristics from conception to adolescence. Child
(a) Kretchner (b) Jung psychology is the study of subconscious and conscious
(c) Shaldon (d) Sprenger childhood development. Child psychologists observe
Ans. (b) : Introvert and extrovert are two types of how a child interacts with their parents themselves and
personality is given by Jung [Carl G Jung]. The third the world, to understand their mental development. In
type of personality, i.e. ambivert who is the trait given child psychology, developmental process and events as
by Hans Eysenck. occurring from conception to adolescence is critically
2. Example, observation, analysis classification discussed.
and generalization are the steps of which 5. The situation usually caused by a failure of
method of the following? mother's twenty first chromosome pair to
(a) Deductive method separate is known as :
(b) Inductive method (a) Down's syndrome
(c) Introspection method (b) Klinefelter's syndrome
(d) Extrospection method (c) Turner's syndrome
Ans. (b) : Example, observation, analysis classification (d) Wilson's syndrome
and generalization are the steps of Inductive method. In Ans. (a) : The situation usually caused by a failure of
inductive reasoning, we begin with specific
mother's twenty first chromosomes pair to separate is
observations and measures, begin to detect pattern and
known as Down's syndrome. Down syndrome is a
regularities, formulate some tentative hypotheses that
genetic disorder caused when abnormal cell division
we can explore, and finally end up developing some
results in an extra full or partial copy of chromosome
general conclusions or theories.
21. This extra genetic material causes the development
3. The internal or subjective determinants of changes and physical features of Down syndrome.
attention are :
Down syndrome varies in severity among individuals,
(a) Interest, aim, attitude
causing lifelong, intellectual disability and
(b) Stimulus, objects, device
developmental delays. It's the most common genetic
(c) Light, sound, smell
chromosomal disorder and cause of learning disabilities
(d) Reward, punishment. incentive
in children. It also commonly causes other medical
Ans. (a) : The internal or subjective determinant of abnormalities, including heart and gastrointestinal
attention are interest, motive mind set and our attitude
disorders.
and moods. It is believed that interest is the mother of
6. According to Kohlberg, at which level, morality
attention, as we pay attention or focus on those objects
is externally controlled ?
about which we have interest. Similarly, our needs or
(a) Pre-conventional level
motives equally govern our attention for specific events
or objects. Moreover, the mental readiness of a person (b) Conventional level
to respond to certain stimuli or preparedness will also (c) Post-conventional level
determine the attention level for that person. (d) None of the above
4. Scope of Child Psychology is : Ans. (a) : According to Kohlberg, at pre-conventional
(a) study the characteristics of Infancy stage only. level, morality is externally controlled. Rules imposed
(b) study the characteristics of conception period only. by authority figures are conformed to in order to avoid
(c) study the characteristics of childhood only. punishment or receive rewards. This perspective
(d) study the characteristics from conception to involves the idea that what is right is what one can get
adolescence away with or what is personally satisfying.
7. Which one of the following is a correct around the age of 3-5 years during the phallic stage of
developmental sequence ? psychosexual development. The superego's function is
(a) Ovum-sperm, blastocyst, zygote to control the id's impulses, especially those which
(b) Blastocyst, ovum-sperm , zygote society forbids, such as sex and aggression. It also has
(c) Blastocyst, zygote, ovum-sperm the function of persuading the ego to turn to moralistic
(d) Ovum-sperm, zygote, blastocyst goals rather than simply realistic ones and to strive for
Ans. (d) : The correct developmental sequence would perfection.
be egg-sperm (ovum-sperm), zygote, blastocyst. This 11. Behaviorist ______ has said, "Give me the new
process is related to fertilization, in which the first egg born infant. I can make him doctor, advocate,
and sperm meet each other during the first conception thief or whatever I wish."
process, due to which the zygote is formed then through (a) Freeman
the blastocyst action, the baby is formed and (b) Newman
construction begins. (c) Watson
8. S-O-R is proposed by (d) Holzinger
(a) Watson Ans. (c) : Watson was a famous American psychologist.
(b) Kofka
Watson was a pioneer of behaviorist psychologists.
(c) Kohler
Watson established behaviorism in the field of
(d) gestalt Psychologists
psychology and recognized the role of behaviorism in
Ans. (a) : The Stimulus Organism Response (SOR) human development as important. He presented his
model was a critique of the Stimulus Response (SR) behaviorist approach in 1913 at Columbia University.
theory. S-O-R model was given by American His main statement is ' Give me the newborn baby. I
Psychologist "John Watson". Watson (1913) put can make him a doctor, lawyer, thief or whatever I
forwarded the idea that "Psychology an want".
objective/positive science or, "Psychology is the science
12. _____plays important role in drawing
of behaviour." His theory is called behaviorism and it
attention.
focuses on behavior not the mind. This approach
(a) Intensity of stimulus
believes that nature of stimulus and nature of organism
(b) Utility of stimulus
play role in the particular response (Stimulus-Organism-
Response). (c) Reliability of stimulus
(d) Activity of stimulus
9. The scale which has all the properties of an
interval scale and in addition has an absolute zero. Ans. (a) : Intensity of stimulus plays important role in
(a) Nominal Scale drawing attention because the higher intensity of the
(b) Ordinal Scale stimulus, the person gets attracted towards it even
(c) Interval Scale without wanting to.
(d) Ratio Scale 13. "______ is the art of stimulating interest in the
Ans. (d) : The Ratio scale which has all the properties pupil".
of an interval scale and in addition has an absolute zero. (a) Teaching
Ratio scale has all the characteristics of an interval (b) Sympathy
scale, in addition, to be able to calculate ratios. That is, (c) Impartial view
you can leverage numbers on the scale against O. Zero- (d) Motivation
point in an interval scale is arbitrary. For example, the Ans. (d) : After getting inspiration children start taking
temperature can be below 0 degree celsius and into interest in studies, due to which the pace of learning
negative temperatures. also become faster. In this context, Thompson has
10. According to Freud, our values are internalized written- motivation is an art to generate interest in a
within the ______. student.
(a) id (b) ego 14. According to Freud -
(c) superego (d) situations (a) "Forgetting is failing to retain or to be able to
Ans. (c) : According to Freud, our values are recall what has been acquired."
internalized within the superego. The superego (b) "Forgetting means failure at anytime to recall
incorporates the value and morals of society which are an experience, when attempting to do so or to
learned from one's parents and others. It develops perform an action previously learned."
 (c) "Forgetting is a tendency toward off from Ans. (b) : Modification of behaviour through
memory that which is unpleasant." experience is called learning. Learning is a change in
(d) None from the above response or behaviour. It is the acquisition of habits,
Ans. (c) : Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist knowledge and attitudes. It represents a progressive
and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for change in behaviour. It modifies our behaviour by the
evaluating and treating pathologies in the psyche acquisition of new behaviour to meet our needs and
through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst. requirements. It is transferrable from one situation to
Freud presented the psychoanalytical concept in the another where some similarity of elements exists.
development of human personality. According to him 19. In statistics the bar graph of a frequency
memory of human plays an important role in the distribution is called.
development of human personality. He said, ' Forgetting (a) Histogram
is a tendency toward off from memory that which is (b) Frequency Polygon
unpleasant." (c) Cumulative Frequency
15. It is not essential that children with high (d) Graph
intelligence quotient will be higher in ______. Ans. (a) : In statistics the bar graph of a frequency
(a) creativity distribution is called Histogram.
(b) studies 20. At which stage of development, maximum
(c) analysing development of intelligence takes place?
(d) getting good marks (a) Childhood (b) Infancy
Ans. (a) : The ability to get a complete solution to any (c) Adolescence (d) Adulthood
problem is called ' intellect' while the ability to make Ans. (c) : At adolescence of development, maximum
new product and new discoveries is called creativity development of intelligence takes place. The thought
therefore. Creativity cannot be measured on the basis of process become more logical, scientific and systematic
intelligence and it is not essential that children with during adolescence and the adolescent can critically
high intelligence quotient will be higher in creativity. examine the things to make the decision of his own.
21. Maximum behaviour of the child is based upon.
16. Internal condition attracting attention is
(a) Instinct (b) Morality
(a) Duration (b) Novelty
(c) Reality (d) Attention
(c) Interest (d) Size
Ans. (a) : Maximum behaviour of the child is based
Ans. (c) : Internal condition attracting attentions is
upon instinct. It this stage the behavior of the child is
interest. The work in which the person is more
based on the basic instincts. For example, crying,
interested, he does that work by paying more attention
laughing, feeling of self-love etc. This stage affects the
to which he feels pleasure.
child's entire future life. That is why psychologists have
17. When acquired knowledge in one situation is considered infancy as the basis of human life.
used in another situation, is called :
22. In theory of learning by insight Kohler did his
(a) Methods of learning experiment on.
(b) Transfer in learning (a) Dog (b) chimpanzees
(c) Plateau in learning (c) Cat (d) Rats
(d) Interest in learning
Ans. (b) : In theory of learning by insight Kohler did
Ans. (b) : When acquired knowledge in one situation is his experiment on chimpanzee. Insight learning was
used in another situation, is called transfer in learning. It first researched by Wolfgang Kohler (1887- 1967). This
refers to the influence of learning one task on the theory of learning differs from the trail and error ideas
learning of another. Transfer of learning is considered that were proposed before it. The key aspect of insight
to be the basis of curriculum development as it provides learning is that it is achieved through cognitive
a foundation for the arrangement of the sequence of processes, rather than interactions with the outside
skills to be learned. world.
18. Modification of behaviour through experience 23. Cancept of observational learning was given by
is called. _______.
(a) Memory (b) Learning (a) Tolman (b) Bandura
(c) Motivation (d) Thinking (c) Thorndike (d) Kohler
Ans. (b) : Concept of observational learning was given Ans. (d) : The greatest contribution of psychology to
by Bandura. Observational learning describes the education is child centered education. Psychology has
process of learning by watching others, retaining the the biggest contribution in the field of education in the
information, and then later replicating the behaviours development of child centered education. A
that were observed. In psychology, this is referred to as revolutionary change came in the field of education
observational learning. Observational learning is through psychology, as a result of which positive
sometimes called shaping, modeling and vicarious direction is provided by controlling the behaviour of the
reinforcement. child and the teaching curriculum and teaching skills are
24. In learning, law of effect was given by ___. designed according to the students so that the student
(a) Pavlov can learn easily.
(b) Skinner 28. Which of the following is not related to
(c) Watson principles of growth and development?
(d) Thorndike (a) Principle of continuity
(b) Principle of classification
Ans. (d) : In learning, law of effect was given by
(c) Principle of integration
Thorndike. A Law of effect which stated that any
(d) Principle of individuality
behaviour that is followed by pleasant consequences is
Ans. (b) : Principle of classification is not related to
likely to be repeated and any behaviour followed by
principles of growth and development. The principles of
unpleasant consequences is likely to be stopped.
development are as follows : (1) The principle of
25. Which of the following method is not used to
continuity (2) The principle of co-ordination
measure memory ?
(3) The principle of individuality (4) The principle of
(a) Recall method interaction of heredity and environment.
(b) Reasoning method (5) Theory of evolution.
(c) Recognition method
29. In class teaching the step of introducing a
(d) Re-learning method
lesson is based on which law of learning?
Ans. (b) : Reasoning method is not used to measure (a) Law of effect
memory. Reasoning is the process of using existing (b) Law of analogy
knowledge to draw conclusions, make predictions or (c) Law of readiness
construct explanations. Recall, Recognition, and Re- (d) Law of association
learning methods are used to measure memory. Recall Ans. (c) : In class teaching the step of introducing a
is identifying learned information using external cues lesson in based on law of readiness. A law which states
and Re-learning, using to measure retention. that learning is dependent upon the learner's readiness
26. Thematic Apperception Test (T.A.T.) was to act, which facilitates the strengthening of the bond
developed by between stimulus and response. Thus, an athlete who is
(a) Symond (b) Holtzman highly motivated and eager to learn is more likely to be
(c) Murray (d) Bellak receptive to learning than one who is poorly motivated.
Ans. (c) : TAT was developed by Morgan and Murray 30. The first step of concept formation is
in 1935 in the belief that the content of imagined stories (a) Generalisation
would provide clues to the underlying dynamics of a (b) Abstraction
subject's interpersonal relationships and self-attitudes. (c) Perception
TAT data are expected to reveal the hierarchy of a (d) Differentiation
person's needs and the nature of his or her dominant Ans. (c) : The first step of concept formation is
emotions and conflicts. perception. We can think of perception as a process
27. The greatest contribution of psychology to where we first take in sensory information from our
education is environment and use that information in order to
(a) Subject oriented education interact with our environment. Following are the steps
(b) Teacher centred education of concept formation in perception- Observation →
(c) Activity based education Generalisation → Discrimination or Differentiation →
(d) Child centred education Abstraction.