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Title: The Ultimate Guide to Oracle RMAN: From Basics to Advanced Recovery
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## The Ultimate Guide to Oracle RMAN: From Basics to Advanced Recovery
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### Introduction
Oracle Recovery Manager (RMAN) is a powerful, command-line tool that provides a comprehen
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### Chapter 1: Introduction to RMAN
**What is RMAN?**
RMAN is an Oracle utility that automates the backup and recovery process. It is superior
**Key Features:**
- **Centralized Backup Repository:** RMAN maintains a metadata repository of all backup
- **Incremental Backups:** Save space and time by backing up only the blocks that have
- **Block Media Recovery:** Recover individual corrupted data blocks without taking the
- **Database Duplication:** Easily create a clone or standby database from your backups
- **Platform Independence:** RMAN commands are the same across all operating systems.
---
### Chapter 2: Configuration and Setup
Before using RMAN, you need to connect and perform some initial configuration.
**1. Connecting to RMAN:**
Open a command prompt and connect to your target database.
`$ rman target /`
(This uses OS authentication to connect as SYSDBA)
**2. Basic Configuration (Persistent Settings):**
These commands set default policies for RMAN to use for all future operations.
`RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 7 DAYS;`
(Tells RMAN to keep all backups necessary for point-in-time recovery up to 7 days ago.)
`RMAN> CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK;`
(Sets the default backup location to disk.)
`RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;`
(Automatically backs up the control file and SPFILE after every backup or structural chan
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### Chapter 3: Performing Backups
Here are the most common backup commands.
**1. Full Database Backup (Offline/Cold):**
The database must be in MOUNT state.
`RMAN> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;`
`RMAN> STARTUP MOUNT;`
`RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE;`
`RMAN> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;`
**2. Full Database Backup (Online/Hot):**
The database must be in ARCHIVELOG mode.
`RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;`
(This command backs up the entire database and all archived redo logs, then deletes the a
**3. Incremental Backups:**
- **Level 0 (Base Backup):**
`RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 0 DATABASE;`
- **Level 1 (Cumulative or Differential):**
`RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 DATABASE;`
---
### Chapter 4: Simple Recovery Scenarios
**1. Restoring a Lost Datafile:**
Simulate losing a datafile (e.g., `users01.dbf`).
`SQL> ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/path/to/users01.dbf' OFFLINE;`
In RMAN:
`RMAN> RESTORE DATAFILE '/path/to/users01.dbf';`
`RMAN> RECOVER DATAFILE '/path/to/users01.dbf';`
`RMAN> ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/path/to/users01.dbf' ONLINE;`
**2. Recovering the Entire Database (Complete Recovery):**
Used after a major failure, like losing all control files or the entire server.
`RMAN> STARTUP MOUNT;`
`RMAN> RESTORE DATABASE;`
`RMAN> RECOVER DATABASE;`
`RMAN> ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;`
---
### Chapter 5: Advanced Scenarios
**1. Database Cloning with DUPLICATE:**
Create a copy of the production database on a different server for testing.
`RMAN> DUPLICATE TARGET DATABASE TO 'NEWDB' FROM ACTIVE DATABASE;`
(This command clones a running database over the network without needing backups.)
**2. Database Point-in-Time Recovery (DBPITR):**
Recover the database to a state just before a major error (e.g., a user dropped a critica
`RMAN> STARTUP MOUNT;`
`RMAN> RUN {`
` SET UNTIL TIME "TO_DATE('2025-09-07 10:29:00', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')";`
` RESTORE DATABASE;`
` RECOVER DATABASE;`
`}`
`RMAN> ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;`
---
### Appendix: Essential RMAN Scripts
**List All Backups:**
`RMAN> LIST BACKUP OF DATABASE SUMMARY;`
**Report Obsolete Backups (based on retention policy):**
`RMAN> REPORT OBSOLETE;`
**Delete Obsolete Backups:**
`RMAN> DELETE OBSOLETE;`
**Crosscheck Backups (verify if backups still exist on disk):**
`RMAN> CROSSCHECK BACKUP;`
`RMAN> DELETE EXPIRED BACKUP;`
I will provide the next document in the following message.
⁂
1. https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/23/bradv/getting-started-rman.html
2. https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/BRADV/rcmquick.htm
3. https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/backup.102/b14193.pdf
4. https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E18283_01/backup.112/e10642/rcmquick.htm
5. https://dbvisit.com/blog/three-steps-getting-started-rman-and-oracle-19c
6. https://www.techtarget.com/searchdatabackup/tip/Oracle-RMAN-tutorial-Get-started-with-database-b
ackup
7. https://www.scribd.com/document/55090349/Rman-Tutorial
8. http://prashanthdba.blogspot.com/2014/09/rman-tutorial.html
9. https://www.veritas.com/support/en_US/doc/16226115-145903096-0/v15498168-145903096
10. https://www.oracle.com/in/database/technologies/high-availability/rman.html
