Baer, Karen Joy V.
EDUC 200
Master of Arts in Education major in English August 23, 2025
Reaction Paper
Philosophical Foundations of Education
Every school or educational institution is guided by a set of beliefs that influence how teaching
and learning take place. These beliefs form what is known as an educational philosophy. At its
core, an educational philosophy addresses fundamental questions such as the purpose of
schooling, the role of teachers, the nature of students, and the methods that should be used in the
classroom. In this way, it serves as a framework that helps educators make sense of their work
and ensures that teaching is not random, but intentional and directed toward growth.
The philosophical foundation of education shapes curriculum by identifying the goals of learning
and the means by which they are achieved. Different philosophies offer varied perspectives:
some emphasize the development of the individual, while others focus on preparing students to
conform to or challenge societal norms. These philosophies also differ in how they define truth—
whether as absolute, relative, moral, or scientific. Such perspectives determine whether a teacher
assumes the role of an authority figure who transmits knowledge or a mentor who facilitates
active student participation.
History shows that educational philosophies rise and fall in influence depending on the values of
society and the priorities of the time. Even psychological theories are often accepted or
dismissed based on prevailing philosophical beliefs. Without a guiding philosophy, teaching and
learning would lack coherence, and the educational system would struggle to keep pace with
other nations. The connection between philosophy and psychology strengthens the foundation of
education, ensuring that both intellectual growth and human development are addressed.
In the Philippine context, these insights emphasize the importance of grounding the educational
system in a clear philosophy that balances tradition, values, and modern demands. At St. Joseph
School, where I have been teaching for two years, I recognize how philosophy shapes my own
practice. For instance, I often draw on progressivist approaches that encourage active student
engagement, while also integrating essentialist elements that emphasize mastery of core
knowledge. This blend allows me to create learning experiences that prepare students for both
academic success and meaningful participation in society.
The philosophical foundations of education highlight the need for Filipino educators to reflect on
their beliefs about teaching and learning. A clear philosophy ensures that schools are not only
transmitting knowledge but also forming values, nurturing critical thinking, and preparing
students to face social challenges. For the Philippine system, this means fostering philosophies
that value both individual growth and collective responsibility. By aligning teaching practices
with sound philosophical principles, education can contribute more effectively to national
development while helping students become responsible and thoughtful citizens.
