I

C entrifu gal p ti n:-p s in Xa.rililtrei an d Sc rigi; .co n iisu rati o n.

Ob.icctive

',- 'l'o {lncl tite pressure head and Ilorv rate in both paralleland series cotttLlittatiott
',- -[o plot Florr,-rate vs. No. o1'Observntion graph for parallel operatiotr cotlparitlg to singlc
l)lllllfl oPctltiolt

i) lillI oircl',tii,'lt
;- iL-. plot [:iitrr-rtrir r:;. ]'.r-,. oi'()b:t'iiatioir graplt iirr seric: itllii'.iii0il c(lllli)ili'i.irl iir si"-l'
i'.lill[] ()irL'i ili' r'\

1 ir.r itiot lictril r:. ire. p1'(l'r::,:'t'r.riir.,it :i'.iilll li:,1's,:rir's,-i--i:liiL ll'-', r-ir,i' l': iLr 'rilirla irr-r tr'rr-'

{ri-,ii'.}iialt

i ilrt;t r

,,:ii," l,il:tli il'.iilli:'r. ii.-'ti'-t iir,: i-li'.'.-itrir-';'';1r;.1<r,1'-,-''.1 1<.

',4:. ',,,

(,i ,.,.- '' [:l1rr\'-r'r1lt'of |1t111|3 il Plrr':illcl ,,rP.'1.111i1111

(.): [tIot'-rate ol in.livi.]Lr:ii illrnIis

n = N-unrbL-r of purirps

Ilcad in parallel op.ration renrairr:l constant and is salre as the ireacl ol inclir,i.iual pL:nrps ri'hicit
are considered to be ruit at sarne speed.
 rii
I
. -
I

lnslcad of llou'-ratc. ltciirl in :,trics oIg1liti111r js ttre suinrriuti,rn o['tlt" li,:irtis of inilividttal ptttitlts.
t' f {inct, tiic lit-;iil itt serics {ri.rrt-itlitrll is ttt.-lrstlrtil br,.

:'

Hrrrirr=Hl+ FI, +H.i- H ,, :2, r, l

i
l,= I
iiit
j

i
Where.

I/,.,,.. : -t'otal
head in scrie s opcrrtiotl

ll : IIead of irrdir idtral pLrlrrPs

,i - Numbci' o1'prttrtps

I'lere. in series crperzrtiolt tlor"-rrlle o1'the total conli guratii:,it is ctrnsiclercd to tle constant attd
sallre as tlte l'lon -ralc ol'ittdi', idLrel llirnlps.

i- onr 1;o rtcnts t; i' $ci ri 1.r

r' (ilzi tlttlk- r 1-,'cs

-/
,\rtglc bar br.'tscs- -11':s
r \1rr.1 ri. I'rll:llr.- I l'-.
r (ilo'.rc r llr r's- '' , iriclt
r ( rl 1r1'rL'-' , it'..,
/ I)rtssLirc'liiLtla:- -l tlr,s
- \\.il,.i l:tr'i,'r .- - : . '
r i'ipc iiitirigs
'i I-ct cl tLLbcs- li'.t
'
i

i
I
i
I
I
I

i
l
i.
ii
li
il
I
!
I

I
i
!
I
t
I
I
i
I
l
.I
t
I
 7
7
lirptliil:rnt:rI Sctrrll Lat'out
-

r'
P I \'_i li'l i

I
'II
t
I

I
I

I
Yl, \':. \'i. \'1, \'5, \'6- \'ah.e
I
Pi, Pl. Pi- I\csrsc Cru5es
ii'1i!'- ll;iirllacr i
i

Fisirre: P&lD Sketch of'[]a-sic Experimental Setup

:

Working Pl'ocedtrres

Pa rl lle l

l. \\'htn lltitttps are in parallcl conircctior.r both pLrnrp-1 and purlp-2 are activc astl all tht--

r alvcs arc open c\ccpt r alr e-6.

l. ilt'rtil pressLir!- gauses I arlcl I irill .1ro,,,, th.- sarn.- reading assuuripg both tiic yalrr:s I arr6
3 alc cclrr;.rll-\ open.

3' Caicirlatinq tlte tittte period of-celrairr llon (50 litersi 0.0-i nrr) br stc;1;,,rarch thc
volurletric flon'-rate calt be nreirsurcd.
1 \\iiltt'r-lllcler I indicates tlte volutttc ol'natcr f-lo*,in-rI through thc single
I)r,rl]. pr.essurc
satrqc 1.2. i shou's the SrressLirc hca,-l rcaclings of the sinqle trump (ptrrrip l), b6th puprlr
(irltctl irr serics) or pttntp 2 {*hcn iir prirallcl) lnd the orerall s\stem rcspcciiyel\..
i. \\'alcr-ttleler 2 shorrs tlte volLrnrc ol'\\atc-r iloriing tlrroLrgh the ciouble punlps.
Sc ri cs

6. \\ it pLrntlls are in scries conncction botlr ltrrntlr

ire I iiii.l pLrrlir ? are actir c anij lrii I :rlr is
rcnrain opcn except valve 2 and 5.

1. PLrilp 2 is started after the purnp I initiation.

8. Prcssure gauge readings and flo*'-rate measLrrenrents are taken sinrilarly as process 3.4
&5.
 / -
t
llxperinrental Data

Specifications:

Pipe diarreter- % inch

'l'ank
volume- 1000 liter or lml each

Pump pou,e r- l HP each

\\/ater nictcr reatlings- 0.01 rnl: l0litcr

I':r rlrllcl L'rrn nccl iorr

i'iii.lc 1: Itlorr Ilatc trncl i'rcssltre Data itr irlrirlicl C'tlritcclii'rtt

-l-
I
Flor" *t. 0 Avg. Irrtssul't-. P

1l itr-'r'. I) I (Sccond.s) II
t L.lr't Fion,rate I
;
r..L'cnl
l.
)

( 1.ls)
1l

Sinclc punll-)

--r--
I 1
1

, -.*-* f
-' -.-
Both pinlp
I
 E
t
I
!
!
-
il
I

Selic*s Conncctirlti
,;
,t
Table 2: Florv Ilate ancl PressLrrc l)rrta in Scries connectiorl
t
i!
Irlorv rate. Q Avg. Prcssure. P I
Ob-scrvation Volume, V Tiure, t :
it
(I-ls) F lorv ratc (Kg/cur2)
No. (Liter, L) (Second, s) 't )
i

(L/s)

Single pumP

J 5 i-l

I
4

r I

I
il

llotir PurttP

.\:
 -

.l-
Expe-rurne.nl No. Oe
V
Performance Test of Pelton Turbine

Objectivcs:
(C') for lhe nozzle'
determine the coefficient of velocity
"l-o
1.
2. To find the efficiency (r7) of the rvlreel'
i e' to plot:
3. 'Io find tlte performatrce characteristics curves
i llead vs' Florv rate

ii' SPeed Is' Florv rate

iii Tcrciue vs' Irlorv rate

1\' OLrtPut Po\\'er vs Florv rate

\;. CLttpt.tt Ptr\\ cr r s inPut ilo\\cr

Apllat'ittus ,
balance'
Pressure gttLlge' \\'ater llleter' stopu'atci''' iachometer and spring

Sctrenratic Biagram
grqr 1r': fi*

o,"rr.d,r*n

P6{itto€l

f1l Ssttr{tt

uheel driven power station'

Figure: Scherlatic diagram of a Pelton
I Page | 3
 -

Theory ,

I) .rl
x) llcacl. Hltn)=M *;*
/,\ ".,

Note that the velocity head is arortnd 1oA of the total head, and is usualll, neglecled. Again
AZ = 0. because nozzle and pressurc gauge is on salne plane'

fhLrs the head becotnes.

P P
H(nt) = =-v
-re
\\i here. i' : specific rl eight o['rlilter.
Pou er:

i. Florv of'u'atcr catl be llteasttrcd b1,'a uatcr t.neter. Thus Lrsing a stop ti'atch. l'lo*'
rate can be calcr-rlate d.

ii. Inlet hl'draulic Pou'er'(I,):

P,$lttttt') - 1, ,; Q(tn: I s) >. tt (7r)

ii i . Output pou cr (P,) : !

Can be tneasurccl by' dl tlaltlonleter'

P,,(frlart) : (7, - 7, XfS) x -{(rus ') x ro(rctd .s"r ) r t?(rri)

Wltere.

Ir and 1) are the tensions at the brake drum.

R is the radius of tlte bralre 'lrLrrn.

2;r]'l
r,; is the angular speed of the rrheel = fr'
l/ is the rpm of the rvlteel.

c) Overall efficienc1,, t? : -!P

l; P
i
t1
l1
lt
IE d) Florv rate. Q = Ar, r
ti
t:
!r
l+
,,'o -Q -1Q
:-. A ;d:
t::, Page | 4
tij
ij*
1:i
i i,;1
1,1
:$r
\-i i
:rii l
i.
{i
il
.i
 -

c) Coef[rcicnt ol I t'lrrcit) ' ( -':

;=i
" \i -6'"

trDll
0 PeriPherai sPeed of the rvlteel, u-
60

Here. D : lllcall ciiameter of the ri'hee1

:12 inch

g) Speed
' ratio, fi=lL
v,, ,

Where, u: Peripheral speed of the rotor (a;'r)

va= Actual velocity of rvater at the

nozzle tip' ro = c,,trrH

r/J4
h) Specific sPeed- ,\i. = 5

Hi
\\iliere. (-\ in rprir. P, in kll/. Il in rtt)'

Erperimental Ft'ocedu res

a Open the gate valve of nrain pipe linc' ri'ith the

I Initial11,app11,2- lb load to brake clrum
$'ith the hclp oinLit bolt ri'hich is anached
tiaruc.
of trozzle As a result' jet $'ili strike the
t Ailer appl1,ing the load. open the bail valYe aheacl
'l'ltc runltcr ri ill start rotalinq as sell rts lltc hr:tk" Jruttt
bttckels
I Set a pressure usittg ball valvc'
r N4easuretheflorvrateofrl.aterusingtherratertrleter&stoprvatclt.
tac}rcttreter'
I N{easure the speed. ,\/ of the ri'heel using
I Take the reading from spring balance'
a Repeatthesarneprocesslorclitferentpressures(12psi.30psi).
load front the brake drum and close all
the
t When the experinrent is over, remove the
valves.

Page | 5
 Data Table

EI
I{adius of the brake drum : 0.09 nr

F Diarneter of nozzle : 0.45 irtch : 0.01 143 nr

|io. Tirrte Volurne Florv rate, P rcss u rc, Pressure, P Speed, Tr Tt I-oad for (Tt-T:)
of (s) (nr') a P (Pa) ,V (lb) (tb) braking (lig)
ohs. (mr/s) (psi) (rpm) torq u e,
('f rT.\
(rb)
01.

,l')

03.

0-1.

05.

06.

07.

08.

09.

10.
!

Page | 6
 .7

Calculation

= Ix(0.01t431: = l.016x l0'trt:

Area of the nozzle, '4=I-*cl'' -1

Efficienc-v, Specific Torque.

P; Pn Spectl
H a l,n speed, Ars T
No. of (w) (w) rntio, gr ry {"h)
(tn) (mr/s) (n:s-l) C, (rprn) (Fi.m)
Obs.

01

02.

03.

0..1.

05.

06"

07.

08.

09

10.

l
ll
ri
ll
il
t.
I

il
I
,l
i

1r
i
I Page | 7
i tl
lrli
ril
I
i
I

:,i
Experiment Name:Study of A Centrifugal Pump and Pump
Characteristics.
Theory:
A centifugal pump is a machine which converts mechanical energy into kinetic and pressure
energy through cenrifugal force.

A centifugal pump consists of two main parts:

r A rotating element, including an impeller and a shaft.

o A stationary element made up of a casing, stuffing box and bearings.

The shaft of the pump is driven by power from an external source by which means the impeller
along with the vaoes inside is rotated. The fluid receives energy from the vanes during flow
through the rotating impeller resulting in an increase in both velocrf and pressure. Fluid flows
from the suction pipe due to the formation of partial vacuum in the center of impeller. A large
part of the totat energy of the fluid leaving the impeller is kinetic energy. It is necessary to
reduce the absolute velocity and transform the large portion of the velocity head into pressure
head. In overooming the detivery head of the pump the high pressure head of the leaving fluid is
utilized.

Volute
Casing

{t
LL

Irnpeller

Figure 1: Liquid flow paths of a centrifugal pump

The actual head rise (H) produced by acentrifugal pump is a function of the flow rate (Q). It is
possible to determine the head-flow relationship by appropriate selection of the geometry of the
impeller blades. Normally, pumps are designed so that the head decreases with increasing flow
since such a design results in a stable flow rate when the pump is connected to a piping system.
A typical head flow curve for a pump is shown in Figure 2.
 Aq

a
o
E60
o
a
E
-
EL
l,
E40
BG
:r@

1.liri1 r1:rt

il;ti,,ii.l:!, I :ll.:ir..irxla-
1 'rl rjir-r,

Figure 2: Characteristics curve of Centrifugal Pump.

If the mechanical energy equation is applied, section I is located as the pump inlet and section 2
asthe pump outletbetween two points in a piping system onopposite sides of the pump, then

P, Vnz P,
+ Zt+ Hm - * Vrz + zz + hr
;. rn i rn:

P. - P, V.2 - V.2
Hm-;*T*zz-21+hr
Hn,,isthe pump head and it is the summation of pressure head, velocity head, elevation head
andhr is the total head loss in the associated piping. Theefficiency is defined as the ratio of the
fluid work to the shaft power input to the pump:

,P
n =YQH'
Experimental SetuP

.ri";s

&

I
G
rc

}F
I
f*:*
'ff*
rud

Figure 3: Centrifugal PumP Test Rig

Objective:
The objective of this experiment is to

To do the performance test of different centrifugal pumps by varying their flow rates.
To check the performance of centrifugal pump with different head and rpm.
To plot the characteristics curve for different centrifugal pumps.

Apparatus:

Stopwatc[Watfineter, Tachometer, Measuring Tape

Experimental Procedu re

Set up the centrifugal pump to the test rig.

Wire connectionto the pump.
Measurp power, voltage and current with Wathneter.
Measure RPM of the pump with non-contact Tachometer.
Do this for all the pumps 0.5hp, thp, 1.5hp, 2hp &,3hp respectively.
Openthe gate valve at suction side of sump tank.
Open tlre gate valve at delivery side of measuring ank
Turn onthe pump.
Take the value of flow rate at suction side and delivery side with flow meter and
stopwatch.
Take the value of pressure with pressure gauge at both sides.

Reduce the flow of the water by conftolting gate valve at delivery side step by
step. Keep the flow rate of water at suction side constant.

Now reduce the flow of the water by controlling gate valve at zuction side step by
step. Keep the flow rate of water at delivery side coustant.

Record all the values.

Calculate friction in the delivery and suction side.
Calculate the velocity head andtotal head.
Calculate the pump efficiency.
Data Table:

Pipe Diameter (Suction): 1.5 inch

Pipe Diameter @elivery) : I inch

Pipe Length (Suction):96 inch

Pipe Length (Delivery) = 273 lrrrch

Elevation Head, H : 2.7 432 m

HeightofBase ='l2cm

Width of Base : 38 cm
 -

Calculation:

Flowrate, Q: AV

Reynolds Numbet, R" * PYD

H, = flV'
Friction.'tZsd

Total Head,

H* =Pz -y'29
P'
*v" =-"' * Zz - zt + Hf

Efficiency, ,=ry