Journal of Oilseed Brassica, 16 (1) January, 2025

Journal of Oilseed Brassica, 16 (1) : 29-39, January, 2025 29

Heterosis and combining ability for seed yield and its component traits in
Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
Nandita Patiyal, Ravindra Kumar*, Sandeep Kumar, Preeti Bhatia and Vijay Singh
Mata Gujri College (Punjabi University) Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab
*Correspondence author : godwalravindra@gmail.com
(Received: 5 October 2024; Revised: 1 November 2024; Accepted: 15 November 2024)
https://doi.org/10.56093/JOB.v16i1.4
Abstract
In a randomized block design, 15 F1s from line x tester crossings with a set of 8 parents and one check were raised during
winter 2022-2023 and 2023-2024 with the goal of estimating heterosis and combining ability. The analysis of variance
revealed that the mean square due to genotypes, parent crosses, and parent’s v/s crosses were significant for all the
traits. On the basis of per se performance and estimates of heterosis, the cross IC-342777 × Maya was found to be most
promising, followed by IC-538719 × Maya for seed yield/plant. The GCA effects of the parents, IC-589670, were significantly
positive for most of the traits. On the other hand, the SCA effects of the IC-342777 × Maya cross combinations were both
significantly positive and negative for seed yield/plant.

Keywords : Crosses, heterosis, mustard, yield

Introduction speed of cross-bred organisms when compared to related

inbreds, as well as resistance to insect pests and disease
Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is an important oilseed and climatic vigour (Gupta et al., 2010).
crop grown in India during the winter season and holds a
distinguished place among oilseed crops. It is a member To achieve huge increases in production and productivity,
of the genus Brassica and family Cruciferae heterosis breeding may be a practical solution. Since then,
(Brassicaceae). In terms of cytogenetics, Indian mustard the commercial exploitation of heterosis in a variety of
is a naturally occurring amphidiploid (2n=36), resulting agricultural species has led to a significant increase in
from interspecific cross between Brassica nigra (2n=16) yield levels. Mustard oil yield can be increased by
and Brassica campestris (2n=20), which was followed by achieving high yield levels using partial and economically
the F1’s spontaneous chromosome doubling. It is an feasible heterosis. The magnitude of heterosis is crucial,
autogamous species by nature, with a 5-30% outcross especially in terms of yield.
rate according on pollinator frequency and environmental
conditions (Shrimali et al., 2016). Mustard seed contains Combining ability analysis is a potent technique for
30–46% oil, 23–30% of protein, 12–18% of carbohydrate evaluating the potential of parental lines to produce
and 4% of mineral matter. Kachi Ghani and refined mustard valuable recombinants and superior hybrids (Singh et
oil are its two forms that are popular among the people al., 2013). In crop plants, the line × tester mating design
(Malaviya and Yadav, 2020). has been widely used to test genotype performance in
hybrid combinations and to estimate the magnitude and
Heterosis breeding could be an alternative to achieve nature of gene action. The genetic value of inbreds can
quantum leaps in productivity and production. The be assessed by combining ability analysis, which also
commercial use of heterosis in a number of crop species aids in choosing the best parents for hybridization. This
has since led to a significant breakthrough in yield levels. method also identifies the superior cross-combinations.
In particular, the amount of heterosis has a significant Combining ability analysis is important for quickly
impact on yield; if heterosis is partially and commercially screening of parents. In light of these considerations,
viable, it can help to achieve high yield levels, which will the present investigation was conducted to determine to
increase mustard’s oil output (Barupal et al., 2017). ascertain the genotypes of combining ability and
Heterosis breeding may be a practical solution, to achieve heterosis of various cross combinations in Indian mustard
huge increases in output and productivity. Since then, (Kumar et al., 2019).
yield levels have significantly increased as a result of the Materials and Methods
commercial exploitation of heterosis in a range of
agricultural species. The main goal of heterosis is to The experiments conducted at Experimental Farm, Mata
increase the vigour, size, fruitfulness, development and Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib. It is situated at an altitude
30 Journal of Oilseed Brassica, 16 (1) January, 2025

of 246 km above mean sea level at 30"27’ and 30"46’

Harvest

33.36**
8.40**
Index

0.85
(%)
North latitude and 76"04’ and 76"38’ East. The climate of
Fatehgarh Sahib is characterized by subtropical semi-arid
type of climate with three distinct seasons namely hot
and dry summer, monsoon and cold winter. The minimum

12.60** 4029.88** 35.21**

/plant

12.79
Yield
Seed

5.57
(g)
temperature may go down to 4 oC in December-January
while the maximum temperature may go high as 42 oC in
May - June.The experimental material comprised of eight

Days Biological
mustard genotypes namely IC-597919, IC-538719, IC-

125.49
/plant

50.60
Yield

(g)
571678, IC-571655, IC-342777, Jagannath, Maya and IC-
589670 and their 15 F1 crosses. The parents were crossed
in line x tester mating design during rabi season 2022-23

Maturity

7.09*
and evaluated all F1 s and parents in the year 2023-24.

1.68
to
Experiments were conducted according to Randomized
Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The sowing

Number

/Siliqua

8.00**
Seeds
was done in 120 m2 area by hand in rows with spacing of

0.04

0.92
of
30 cm between the rows and 10-15 cm between plants.
Genotypes were received from NBPGR, New Delhi and
ICAR-DRMR, Bharatpur (Rajasthan). All the

Length
Siliqua

56.56** 2654.66** 10531.02** 0.66**

(cm)

0.04
0.03
recommended package of practices was adopted to raise
a good crop.
Table 1: ANOVA for parents and hybrids of various traits of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Results and Discussion Siliquae

No. of

270.11
850.86
/Plant
Analysis of variance for the design of the experiment

ANOVA for line × tester data is presented in Table 1. For

all the characters, including days to first
Height

115.68
180.90
Plant

(cm)

flowering, days of 50% flowering, no. of primary

branches/plant, no. of secondary branches/plant, plant
height, no. of siliqua/plant, siliqua length, number of
Primary Secondary
flowering flowering Branches Branches
No. of

/plant

seeds/siliqua, days to maturity, biological yield/plant,

3.57
3.20

seed yield/plant and harvest index analysis of variance

revealed highly significant differences among the
genotypes, exhibiting abundant variability for these traits.
4.25**
No. of

/plant
1.37*

0.42

Similar finding has been found by Akbari et al. (2017).

Nature and magnitude of heterosis

Days to Days to

4.86*

The first important step in the exploitation of heterosis is

50%

2.25
2.54

to know its magnitude and direction. Type and size help

to recognize better cross combinations and their
*, ** significant at 5% and 1% level

exploitation to get better transgressive segregation. The

13.00**
1.38
first

0.00

combinations give data on the degree of hereditary

differing qualities in parents of a crops and help in
choosing the parents for predominant F1, so as to exploit
hybrid vigour. The commercial use of heterosis is
DF

22
44

considered to be an excellent application of genetic

2

principles in the field of plant breeding. The magnitude

of heterosis effects depends on the ecological and
Replication
Treatments

genetically differences and also on diversity of origin of

Source of
Variation

parents by Dhawan and Singh, (1961) and Moll et al.

Error

(1962). The heterotic effect in F1 generation over better

Table 2 : Estimation of percent heterosis based on better parent (BP) and standard check (SC) for days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, number of primary
branches/plant, number of secondary branches/plant
Cross combination Days to first flowering Days to 50% flowering Number of primary Number of secondary
branches/plant branches/plant
BP SC BP SC BP SC BP SC
IC-597919 × Jagannath -15.52 ** -9.26 ** -0.70 0.00 14.41 9.76 28.70 ** 57.63 **
IC-597919 × Maya -8.55 ** -0.93 0.00 1.42 16.36 4.07 21.84 * 49.24 **
IC-597919 × IC-589670 -6.09 * 0.00 -1.40 0.00 34.09 ** 19.92 * -7.98 32.06 **
IC-538719 × Jagannath -7.76 ** -0.93 -3.52 -2.84 5.08 0.81 48.85 ** 23.28 *
IC-538719 × Maya -3.42 4.63 -2.80 -1.42 25.63 ** 1.63 20.38 * 46.56 **
IC-538719 × IC-589670 -0.87 5.56 0.70 2.13 48.53 ** 23.17 ** -8.11 31.87 **
IC-571678 × Jagannath -15.52 ** -9.26 ** -9.86 ** -9.22 ** 7.63 3.25 75.65 ** 54.20 **
IC-571678 × Maya -10.26 ** -2.78 0.70 2.13 8.18 -3.25 21.63 * 48.09 **
IC-571678 × IC-589670 0.87 7.41 * -0.70 0.71 29.09 ** 15.45 * -6.52 34.16 **
IC-571655 × Jagannath -15.52 ** -9.26 ** -4.23 -3.55 3.39 -0.81 47.49 ** 45.80 **
IC-571655 × Maya -13.68 ** -6.48 * 0.70 2.13 -0.49 -17.89 * -23.20 ** -6.49
IC-571655 × IC-589670 0.87 7.41 * 0.00 1.42 41.67 ** 17.48 * 1.99 46.37 **
IC-342777 × Jagannath -5.17 1.85 -6.25 * -4.26 -5.08 -8.94 48.93 ** 32.44 **
IC-342777 × Maya -3.42 4.63 -2.78 -0.71 27.17 * -4.88 20.69 * 46.95 **
IC-342777 × IC-589670 0.87 7.41 * -2.08 0.00 39.71 ** 15.85 * -2.39 40.08 **
SE ± 1.02 1.02 1.33 1.33 0.61 0.61 1.72 1.72
CD at 5% 2.08 2.08 2.73 2.73 1.26 1.26 3.53 3.53
CD at 1% 2.81 2.81 3.68 3.68 1.70 1.70 4.76 4.76
*, ** significant at 5% and 1% level
Journal of Oilseed Brassica, 16 (1) January, 2025
31
32 Journal of Oilseed Brassica, 16 (1) January, 2025

parent and standard check are presented in Table 2 and 3. × Maya (-23.20) shows highly significant negative
heterosis over better whilefourteen cross combinations
As the days before first flowering, it is ideal to have a showed highly significant positive heterosis ranged
significant negative heterosis. When compared to both 23.28% (IC-538719 × Jagannath) to 57.63% (IC-597919 ×
the superior parent and the commercial variety, there was Jagannath) over commercial check. Positive heterosis for
a marked and high level of heterosis in the number of the secondary branches is desirable because a short plant
days until first flowering. Out of fifteen, eight cross with a vigorous structure and many branches has a better
combinations ranging from -6.09% (IC-597919 × IC- chance of producing a higher yield. The similar findings
589670) to -15.52% (IC-597919 × Jagannath, IC-571678 × were reported by Singh et al. (2007) and Aher et al. (2009).
Jagannath and IC-571655 × Jagannath) showed
significant negative heterosis, whereas two cross One of the most important characteristics of a plant’s
combinations namely IC-571655 × IC-589670 (7.41%) and health and development is its height. When compared to
IC-342777 × IC-589670 (7.41%) possessed significant both the superior parent and the commercial genotype,
positive heterosis over better parent. Four cross there was a significant and high degree of heterosis in
combinations showed significant negative heterosis terms of plant height. Eleven F 1 hybrids showed
ranged -6.48% (IC-571655 × Maya) to -9.26% (IC-571655 significant and highly significant positive heterosis
× Jagannath) over the commercial check. Meena et al. ranged 11.45% (IC-597919 × Jagannath) to 48.32% (IC-
(2014) and in, Kumar et al. (2019) both reported results 342777 × IC-589670) heterosis over better whereas 14
that were similar. cross combinations showed significant positive useful
heterosis ranged 17.42% (IC-538719 × Jagannath) to
Days to 50% flowering significant negative heterosis is 48.81% (IC-597919 × IC-589670) over commercial check.
useful for earliness. Two cross combinations namely IC- These findings were reported by Meena et al. (2014) and
571678 × Jagannath (-9.86%) and IC-342777 × Jagannath Singh et al. (2020).
(-6.25%) showed significant negative heterosis over
better parent as well as only one cross combination IC- For number of siliquae per plant, three cross combinations
571678 × Jagannath (-9.22%) showed highly significant ranged 12.17% (IC-597919 × Jagannath) to 27.56% (IC-
negative heterosis over commercial check. Because it 342777 × Jagannath) showed significant positive heterosis
allows for prolonged grain feeling, certainly early maturity, over better parent as well asfour cross combinations
and produces a high seed production, early flowering is showed significant negative heterosis ranged -9.47% (IC-
favourable for brassica species. The crosses having 571678 × IC-589670) to 18.88% (IC-538719 ×
significant negative heterosis can select for harnessing Jagannath)over better parent. Three cross combinations
the economic values of the related traits in the further ranged8.87% (IC-538719 × IC-589670) to 11.46% (IC-
breeding programme. These findings were reported by 571655 × Maya) showed significant positive heterosis
Patel et al. (2010) and Meena et al. (2014). whereasfive cross combinations showed significant
negative heterosis ranged -9.97% (IC-342777 × Maya) to-
Because vigorous plants with more branches have a 24.50% (IC-538719 × Jagannath) over commercial check
better chance of producing higher yields, positive for this trait. The present studies are in accordance with
heterosis for the number of main branches is reports of Kumar et al. (2016) and Patel et al. (2015).
advantageous in Brassica. Out of 15, only seven cross
combinations showed significant positive heterosis The length of siliqua may reflect the number of seeds
ranged 25.63% (IC-538719 × Maya) to 48.53% (IC-538719 inside it. If the siliqua is longer, it will hold more seeds,
× IC-589670) while five cross combinations ranging from and this ultimately influences the seed yield. Therefore, a
15.45% (IC-571678 × IC-589670) to 23.17% (IC-538719 × positive heterosis is desirable in the case of the length of
IC-589670) showed significant positive heterosis as well the siliqua trait. Eight cross combinations showed
as one cross combination IC-571655 × Maya (-17.89) significant and highly significant positive useful heterosis
showed significant negative useful heterosis commercial ranged 10.33% (IC-342777 × Jagannath) to 25.14% (IC-
check. These findings are in accordance with Tyagi et al. 342777 × Maya) over better parent. While six cross
(2000); Monpara and Dobariya (2007). combinations showed significant negative heterosis
ranged 12.74% (IC-538719 × IC-589670) to 23.40% (IC-
For number of secondary branches/plant, nine cross 597919 × IC-589670) for siliqua length. Present study is
combinations ranged 20.38% (IC-538719 × Maya)to similar to the findings of Mahto and Haider (2004).
75.65% (IC-571678 × Jagannath) showed significant
positive heterosis while one cross combination IC-571655 For number of seeds per siliqua, which directly contributes
Table 3: Estimation of percent heterosis based on better parent (BP) and standard check (SC) for Plant height (cm), number of siliquae/plant, siliquae length (cm),
number seeds/siliqua
Cross combination Plant height (cm) Number of siliquae/plant Siliqua length (cm) Number of seed/siliqua
BP SC BP SC BP SC BP SC
IC-597919 × Jagannath 11.45 * 31.88 ** 18.67 ** 7.61 12.17 * 0.30 -0.44 16.41 **
IC-597919 × Maya 26.03 ** 36.33 ** -16.23 ** -10.19 * 5.79 -12.82 ** -23.44 ** 7.18
IC-597919 × IC-589670 46.76 ** 48.81 ** -2.70 -0.10 -1.15 -23.40 ** -17.48 ** -4.36
IC-538719 × Jagannath -0.77 17.42 ** -18.80 ** -24.50 ** 11.17 * -0.60 2.19 19.49 **
IC-538719 × Maya 18.04 ** 27.69 ** -3.22 3.77 23.15 ** 1.49 -16.85 ** 16.41 **
IC-538719 × IC-589670 33.88 ** 36.91 ** 6.04 8.87 * 12.60 * -12.74 ** -10.13 4.15
IC-571678 × Jagannath 5.97 25.39 ** 11.00 * -15.10 ** 2.50 -8.35 2.19 19.49 **
IC-571678 × Maya 14.01 * 23.33 ** 1.88 9.22 * 18.44 ** -2.38 -19.41 ** 12.82 *
IC-571678 × IC-589670 39.73 ** 44.99 ** -9.47 * -7.05 -1.71 -23.10 ** -10.57 * 4.10
IC-571655 × Jagannath 4.58 23.75 ** 2.15 -3.62 6.00 -5.22 -2.19 14.36 *
IC-571655 × Maya 23.34 ** 33.42 ** 3.96 11.46 ** 22.84 ** 5.81 -15.75 ** 17.95 **
IC-571655 × IC-589670 40.85 ** 41.28 ** 0.08 2.74 -3.98 -17.29 ** -11.06 * 3.08
IC-342777 × Jagannath -5.47 11.86 27.56 ** -16.09 ** 10.33 * -1.34 -1.32 15.38 *
IC-342777 × Maya 28.37 ** 38.87 ** -16.03 ** -9.97 * 25.14 ** 3.13 -25.27 ** 4.62
IC-342777 × IC-589670 48.32 ** 37.99 ** -0.30 2.36 5.58 -18.18 ** -3.98 11.28
SE ± 10.64 10.64 15.68 15.68 0.18 0.18 0.75 0.75
CD at 5% 21.78 21.78 32.12 32.12 0.38 0.38 1.54 1.54
CD at 1% 29.39 29.39 43.33 43.33 0.51 0.51 2.07 2.07
*, ** significant at 5% and 1% level
Journal of Oilseed Brassica, 16 (1) January, 2025
33
 34
Table 4: Estimation of percent heterosis based on better parent (BP) and standard check (SC) for days to maturity, biological yield/plant (g), seed yield/plant (g),
harvest index (%)
Cross combinations Days to maturity Biological yield/plant (g) Seed yield/plant (g) Harvest index (%)
BP SC BP SC BP SC BP SC
IC-597919 × Jagannath -3.18 ** -3.80 ** -0.85 23.68 ** -6.52 5.91 -20.20 ** -14.32 **
IC-597919 × Maya -2.53 ** -2.53 ** -1.72 22.60 * -13.48 -1.97 -12.37 * -20.40 **
IC-597919 × IC-589670 -3.18 ** -3.80 ** 41.98 ** 77.11 ** -12.57 6.24 -59.18 ** -40.00 **
IC-538719 × Jagannath -2.54 ** -2.74 ** 30.80 ** 18.89 * 21.68 18.88 -7.61 -0.23
IC-538719 × Maya -1.48 * -1.48 * 48.85 ** 31.32 ** 37.77 ** 25.78 * -11.00 * -3.89
IC-538719 × IC-589670 -1.27 -1.48 * 63.32 ** 37.73 ** 2.84 24.96 * -38.21 ** -9.17
IC-571678 × Jagannath -2.54 ** -2.74 ** 27.77 ** 26.12 ** -1.78 19.54 -22.90 ** -4.86
IC-571678 × Maya -2.53 ** -2.53 ** 42.25 ** 40.41 ** 6.04 29.06 * -25.79 ** -8.42
IC-571678 × IC-589670 -1.27 -1.48 * 75.34 ** 73.06 ** -5.02 15.60 -54.55 ** -33.19 **
IC-571655 × Jagannath -3.58 ** -3.38 ** 27.30 ** 25.62 ** 11.80 24.47 * -12.16 * -0.91
IC-571655 × Maya -2.11 ** -1.90 ** 14.37 12.86 8.11 20.36 -5.48 6.62
IC-571655 × IC-589670 -3.58 ** -3.38 ** 77.07 ** 74.73 ** 3.92 26.27 * -50.82 ** -27.71 **
IC-342777 × Jagannath 1.06 0.21 7.57 -2.22 1.18 -1.15 -6.38 0.52
IC-342777 × Maya -2.74 ** -2.74 ** 13.65 0.26 85.12 ** 38.92 ** 55.15 ** 39.23 **
Journal of Oilseed Brassica, 16 (1) January, 2025

IC-342777 × IC-589670 -1.49 * -2.32 ** 14.15 -5.66 -12.34 6.52 -23.18 ** 12.93 *
SE ± 1.06 1.06 10.66 10.66 2.19 2.19 0.82 0.82
CD at 5% 2.17 2.17 21.84 21.84 4.49 4.49 1.68 1.68
CD at 1% 2.92 2.92 29.46 29.46 6.06 6.06 2.27 2.27
*, ** significant at 5% and 1% level
 Journal of Oilseed Brassica, 16 (1) January, 2025 35

to the positive heterosis for seed yield per plant. Eight

Harvest

-2.90 **

-1.38 **

3.94 **

1.54 **
-2.01 **
Index

-0.07
0.40

0.48
(%)
cross combinations ranged 10.57% (IC-571678 × IC-589670)
to -25.27% (IC-342777 × Maya) showed negatively
significant heterosis over better parent. Eight cross
combinations showed significant positive useful heterosis

-2.82 **
/plant
Yield
Seed

-0.51

-0.28
-0.76
1.20
0.83
1.30

1.04
(g)
ranged 12.82% (IC-571678 × Maya) to 19.49% (IC-571678 ×
Jagannath) significant heterosis over commercial check.
The results of this study agree with Mahto and Haider

Biological

-41.54 **

-15.14 **
-11.27 **
(2004), Prajapati et al. (2007) and Sharmali (2018).

13.47 **

20.27 **

26.40 **
/plant

9.20 *
Yield

-1.41
(g)
Most plant species benefit from early maturity, but

Table 5: Estimation of general combining ability (GCA) effect for yield and its component in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
brassicas in particular suffer from yield losses caused by
rising temperatures if they wait until maturity; therefore,

Maturity

-1.53 **

1.24 **
Days

-0.13

-0.13
-0.76
crosses exhibiting heterosis in negative direction are of

0.80
0.24

0.27
to
immense value for earliness.Twelve cross combinations
ranged -1.48% (IC-538719 × Maya) to -3.58% (IC-571655
× IC-589670) showed highly significant negative heterosis

Number

-0.93 **
/Siliqua

0.81 **
Seeds
over better parent while fourteen cross combinations

-0.57

-0.05
0.13
0.33
0.17

0.13
of
ranged -1.48% (IC-538719 × Maya) to 9.19% (IC-597919 ×
IC-589670) showed significant negative heterosis over
commercial check. The present findings are in accordance

-0.51 **
0.21 **
0.30 **
Length
Siliqua

-0.19 *

-0.16 *
with the findings of Turi et al. (2006) and Dar et al. (2012).

0.17 *
(cm)

0.09
0.10
For biological yield per plant, nine F1 hybrids ranged
27.30% (IC-571655 × Jagannath) to 77.07% (IC-571655 ×

-31.88 **
-21.70 **

14.88 **
17.00 **
26.04 **
Siliquae
IC-589670) showed significant positive heterosis while
/Plant

-5.22
-6.70
7.57
No.
of

eleven F1 hybrids exhibited significant positive useful

heterosis ranged 18.89% (IC-538719 × Jagannath) to
77.11% (IC-597919 × IC-589670) over commercial check.

-16.98 **
Similar findings have been reported by Gupta et al. (2010).

17.09 **
11.98 *
Height
Plant

-7.95
-1.29

-0.11
-4.14
(cm)

1.41
In the present investigation the seed yield/plant increased
mainly due to increase in average number of siliquae/plant
Primary Secondary

and number of seeds/siliqua. Two cross combinations

Branches Branches

-1.79 *
No. of

/plant

-0.86

-0.34
-0.33
namely IC-538719 × Maya (37.77%) and IC-342777 × Maya
1.16

0.18
1.31

0.67
(85.12%) showed highly significant positive heterosis.
Whereas six cross combinations showed significant
positive heterosis ranged 24.47% (IC-571655 × Jagannath)
-0.75 **
1.09 **
No. of

/plant

to 38.92% (IC-342777 × Maya) over commercial check.

-0.45
-0.36

-0.35
0.29
0.51

0.01

These findings are in accordance with the results reported

by Tripathi et al. (2016) and Bharti et al. (2018).
*, ** significant at 5% and 1% level
flowering

-1.49 **
to 50%

Harvest index (%) are one of the important components

Days

-0.40
-0.62
0.04

0.38
0.60

0.71
0.78

for seed yield. Only one cross combination namely IC-

342777 × Maya (15.15%) exhibited highly significant
positive heterosis for harvest index while eleven cross
flowering
Days to

-1.22 **

-1.93 **

combinations showed significant negative heterosis

1.67 **

2.00 **
-1.00 *
1.11 *
-0.56

-0.07
first

ranged -11.00% (IC-538719 × Maya) to -19.18% (IC-597919

× IC-589670) over better parent. Two cross combinations
namely IC-342777 × IC-589670 (12.93%) and IC-342777 ×
Jagannath

Maya (39.23%) showed significant positive heterosis over

IC-597919
IC-538719

IC-571655
IC-342777

IC-589670
IC-571678

Testers

commercial check. Five cross combinations ranged 14.32%

parent

Maya
Name

Lines

(IC-597919 × Jagannath) to - 40.0% (IC-597919 × IC-

of
 36
Table 6: Estimation of specific combining ability (SCA) effects for yield and its component traits in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
Crosses Days to Days No. of No. of Plant Siliquae Siliqua Number Days Biological Seed Harvest
first to 50% Primary Secondary Height /Plant Length of to Yield Yield Index
flowering flowering Branches Branches (cm) (cm) Seeds Maturity /plant /plant (%)
/plant /plant /Siliqua (g) (g)
IC-597919 × Jagannath -0.18 1.27 0.22 1.30 4.79 67.42 ** 0.34 * 0.49 -0.53 -6.84 1.27 1.23 *
IC-597919 × Maya 0.96 -0.27 0.16 0.85 -4.46 -53.72 ** -0.34 * -0.03 1.07 -12.08 -2.13 -0.81
IC-597919 × IC-589670 -0.78 -1.00 -0.38 -2.16 -0.34 -13.70 -0.01 -0.47 -0.53 18.92 * 0.86 -0.42
IC-538719 × Jagannath 0.49 0.49 -0.29 -2.53 * 0.02 -53.93 ** -0.06 -0.01 -1.20 2.01 -0.11 0.20
IC-538719 × Maya 0.62 -1.04 0.18 2.55 * 0.71 17.37 -0.06 0.27 0.40 13.79 -0.52 -1.45 *
IC-538719 × IC-589670 -1.11 0.56 0.11 -0.02 -0.73 36.56 ** 0.11 -0.26 0.80 -15.80 * 0.63 1.25 *
IC-571678 × Jagannath -0.84 -1.84 0.19 0.85 6.99 -13.18 -0.07 0.15 -0.64 -10.57 0.39 1.24 *
IC-571678 × Maya -0.38 1.29 0.06 0.80 -13.40 41.65 ** 0.10 -0.04 -0.71 3.56 0.51 -0.40
IC-571678 × IC-589670 1.22 0.56 -0.25 -1.64 6.41 -28.46 * -0.02 -0.11 1.36 7.02 -0.90 -0.84
IC-571655 × Jagannath -0.40 -0.18 0.31 2.34 1.48 2.02 -0.19 -0.47 -0.64 -0.13 0.92 0.56
IC-571655 × Maya -1.27 0.29 -0.69 -5.78 ** 1.14 18.25 0.21 0.67 1.29 -20.07 * -1.72 0.71
IC-571655 × IC-589670 1.67 * -0.11 0.37 3.44 ** -2.63 -20.26 -0.02 -0.20 -0.64 20.20 * 0.80 -1.27 *
IC-342777 × Jagannath 0.93 0.27 -0.44 -1.96 -13.29 -2.32 -0.02 -0.16 3.02 ** 15.54 * -2.47 -3.22 **
Journal of Oilseed Brassica, 16 (1) January, 2025

IC-342777 × Maya 0.07 -0.27 0.29 1.58 16.00 * -23.55 * 0.09 -0.88 -2.04 * 14.80 3.86 * 1.95 **
IC-342777 × IC-589670 -1.00 -0.00 0.15 0.38 -2.71 25.87 * -0.06 1.04 -0.98 -30.34 ** -1.39 1.27 *
*, ** significant at 5% and 1% level
 Journal of Oilseed Brassica, 16 (1) January, 2025 37

589670) showed highly significant negative heterosis for by IC- 597919 × IC-589670 shows the significant values
harvest index. The similar findings were reported by for biological yield, IC-538719 × Jagannath shows the
Dholu et al. (2014) and Meena et al. (2014). significant values for secondary branches and number
of siliquae, IC-538719 × Maya shows the significant values
General combining ability for secondary branches and harvest index, IC-538719 ×
IC-589670 shows the significant values for number of
The results of general combining ability (gca) effects are siliquae, biological yield and harvest index, IC-571678 ×
given in Table 4. For parent IC-597919 showed the Jagannath shows the significant values for harvest index,
significant gca for all the twelve traits except 50% IC- 571678 × Maya shows the significant values for
flowering, primary branches, secondary branches, number number of siliquae per plant, IC-571678 × IC-589670 shows
of siliquae and seeds per siliqua. Genotype IC-538719 the significant values for number of siliquae. IC-571655 ×
shown the significant values for first flowering and Maya shows the significant values for secondary
siliquae length. For parent IC-571678 was found to be branches, biological yield. IC-571655 × IC-589670 shows
significant value for siliquae length, biological yield and the significant values for first flowering, secondary
harvest index. Parent IC-571655 showed significant value branches, biological yield and harvest index. IC-342777 ×
of general combining ability for first flowering, secondary Jagannath shows the significant values for days to
branches, number of siliquae and biological yield. Parent maturity, biological yield and harvest index. IC-342777 ×
IC-342777 showed significant value of general combining Maya shows the significant values for plant height,
ability for first flowering, number of siliquae, days to number of siliquae, days to maturity, seed yield and
maturity, biological yield and harvest index. For tester harvest index. IC-342777 x IC-589670 shows the significant
Jagannath showed the significant value of general values for number of siliquae, biological yield and harvest
combining ability for all the twelve traits expects primary index. This was reported similar findings by Chaudhary
branches, secondary branches, maturity, seed yield and et al. (2019), Chaurasiya et al. (2018), Malviya et al. (2019)
harvest index. For Maya gca effect showed significant and Maurya et al. (2012).
for primary branches, number of siliquae, siliquae length,
biological yield and harvest index. For parents IC-589670 With one parent act as a good general combiner for a
shown the significant value for all the twelve traits expects specific feature and the other showing strong per se
50% flowering, secondary branches, maturity and seed performance, a cross combination is likely to produce
yield. This was reported similar findings by Synrem et attractive segregants in subsequent generations. Additive
al., (2014) and Kumar et al., (2019). gene effects play a crucial role, as evidenced by the
significant SCA impacts of crosses between good
The gca effects of a parent can be used to assess its combiners. Still, two top general combiners may not
hybridization potential. The findings revealed that the produce the desired segregants. Also, because high sea
majority of the genotypes had a high degree of effects might get weaker as homozygosity goes up, the
correspondence between per se performance and gca generation that comes from superior crossings, which
effects for the observed characters. This can be attributed includes both poor and poor general combiners, probably
to the dominant role of additive × additive types of gene won’t do much good. Niranjana et al. (2014) also revealed
action in the inheritance of these traits. This was reported similar results in their study.
similar findings by Kumar et al. (2019).
Conclusion
Specific combining ability
Investigations have produced substantial genetic
Specific combining ability is important parameter for diversity for the majority of the traits. Two different cross
judging and selecting superior cross combinations, which combinations demonstrated significant heterobeltiosis in
might be exploited through heterosis breeding. The SCA terms of seed yield/plant. The most promising cross for
effect of crosses for yield and its components are given seed yield/plant was determined to be IC-538719 × Maya,
in Table 5. The estimates of specific combining ability following closely by IC-342777 × Maya, based on heterosis
effect revealed that as many as all the fifteen crosses estimates and per se performance. When looking at the
showed significant values as compare with their parents. effects of genetic combiners, the best combiner for most
Cross namely IC-597919 × Jagannath shows the significant biological yield contributing traits was IC-589670, which
values for number siliquae, siliquae length and harvest had significant and positive GCA effects. When looking
index. Cross like IC-597919 × Maya shows the significant at the effects of specific combiners, the best specific
values number of siliquae and siliquae length followed combination for most yield-contributing traits, such as
plant height and harvest index, was IC-342777 x Maya.
38 Journal of Oilseed Brassica, 16 (1) January, 2025

One possible outcome is that IC-342777 x Maya is a good Kumar R, Kaur S, Kaur R, Singh I, Singh H and Kumar V.
cross for increased yield, while IC-589670 makes excellent 2019. Heterosis and combining ability analysis in
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