REPHRASINGS

COMPARISON:
1. The judges were generally less keen on portraits painted from photos than
portraits painted from life. TENDED
The judges tended to be keener on portraits painted from life than portraits
painted from photos.
2. Alan is much better pianist than Jenny. NOWHERE
Jenny is nowhere near as good playing piano as Alan is.
3. Men outnumber women by two in this profession. TWICE
There are twice as many men as women in this profession.
4. Colin couldn't possibly afford any of the paintings in that gallery. FAR
The paintings in that gallery are far too expensive for Colin to buy.
5. Of all the cities I know, there are few that are more beautiful than St Petersburg.
LOVELIEST
St Petersburg is one of the loveliest cities that I’ve visited.
6. She takes photographs as a hobby rather than as a job. MUCH
Taking photographs is much less of a job as a hobby for her.
7. Tom's company had less success with its exports this year. SO
Tom's company was not so unsuccessful with its exports this year.
8. I was surprised how hard I had to work when I became a teacher. EXPECTED
I had to work harder than I expected when I became a teacher.
9. Fewer people live in extended family units in this country nowadays.
COMMON
It is less common for people to live in extended family units in this country
nowadays.
10. We must take as much advantage as possible of any opportunity to speak
English. MOST
We have to make the most of any opportunity to speak English.

DETERMINERS

1. I like everyone who holds a management position in this company.

PEOPLE
I like all the people that are managers in this company.
2. The food at this restaurant is delicious, and the prices are very reasonable.
MEALS
This restaurant serves delicious meals at very reasonable prices.
3. He threw a very noisy party, so Steven apologized to his neighbors in
writing. SUCH
Steven wrote his neighbours an apology for throwing such a noisy party.
4. I’ll never forget the winter my family and I went skiing in Sierra Nevada.
ALWAYS
The winter my family and I went skiing in Sierra Nevada is a memory I will
always remember.
 5. If you put so much sugar in your coffee there will be barely no sugar left for
the rest of us. HARDLY
There will hardly be any sugar left for the rest of us if you put so much in
yours.
6. Machines can be dangerous if you don’t use them properly. MACHINERY
Unless used properly, machinery can be dangerous.
7. Sadly, none of my friends remembered it was my name day yesterday. ONE
Sadly, not one of my friends remembered it was my name day yesterday.
8. I’m not at all interested in taking up martial arts. WHATSOEVER
I have no interest whatsoever in taking up martial arts.
9. Almost all the students in my class failed the math exam last term. FAR
In my class, the majority by far failed the math exam last term.
10. His changeable political views have sparked off a lot of debate lately.
CONSIDERABLE
Lately, a considerable number of debates have sparked off by his
changeable political views.

INVERSION
1. Sue was offered a new job, so she immediately quit her current one. BEEN
No sooner had she been offered a new job than she quit her current one.
2. She was proud of her work, and she was also well respected by her colleagues.
TAKE
Not only did she take pride in her work, but she was also well respected by her
colleagues.
3. Katie is planning on working for her parents’ company, but only after she
finishes university. WILL
Katie’s plan is that only after she finishes university will she start working for
her parents’ company.
4. People loved Ian’s book and although he wasn’t aware of it yet, he would soon
be famous. KNOW
People loved Ian’s book little did he know he would soon be famous.
5. She was very smart and was offered several jobs even before she graduated.
RECEIVED
So smart was she that received several job offers even before she graduated.
6. You understand the significance of the murder only in the last few pages of the
book. REALIZE
Only in the last few pages of the book do you realize the significance of the
murder.
7. It is hard for birdwatchers to spot nightingales because they prefer dense forests
as their home. BY
Preferring dense forests as their home, seldom are the nightingales spotted by
birdwatchers.
8. The police officer insisted that we mustn’t share any of the classified
information. SHOULD
“This is classified information and on no account should it be shared,” said the
police officer.
 9. Even though she had met all the criteria, Jane was never called back by the bank
to discuss her loan. DID
At no point did the bank return Jane’s call to discuss her loan despite having
met all the criteria.
10. Last year, our students loved Prof. Crystal’s talk, so we have invited him to give
a similar talk this year. INTEREST
Such was the interest in Prof. Crystal’s talk last year that we have invited him to
give a similar talk again this year.

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES:
1. Let's walk to the store, instead of driving FOOT
Rather than going by car, let's go on foot to the store.
2. If I'm being honest, I have to say that the play wasn't as good as I'd expected.
SHORT
The play fell short of my expectations, to be honest with you.
3. I don't usually make such foolish mistakes. HABIT
I'm not in the habit of making such foolish mistakes.
4. We were late arriving at the cinema and so missed the start of the film. BY
The film had already started by the time we arrived at the cinema.
5. I was just about to call you to see what time you were coming. POINT
I was at the point of calling you to see what time you were coming.
6. I think the weather will improve next week. CHANGE
I think there'll be a change for the better in the weather next week.
7. Although Joe kept on attempting to contact his cousin, he didn't manage to speak
to her until the next day. TOUCH
Despite repeated attempts to get in touch with his cousin, Joe didn't manage to
speak to her until the next day.
8. She waved until the train could not be seen any more. SIGHT
She waved until the train was out of sight.
9. I´m phoning because my son is too ill to talk to you. BEHALF
I´m phoning on behalf of my son, who is ill.
10. Javier and I are completely different. COMMON
I have nothing in common with Javier.

REPORTED SPEECH
1. 'We'll have to postpone the meeting until next week, as a lot of people are on
leave', the manager said. OFF
The manager said the meeting would be put off until the following week, as a lot
of people were on leave.
2. 'What are you thinking of doing for the college's centenary celebration?' the tutor
asked the students. MIND
The tutor asked the students what they had in mind for the college's centenary
celebration.
3. 'You should stop your children watching so much television', Mary's sister told
her. LET
Mary's sister advised her not to let her children watch so much television.
 4. 'You won't get a good seat if you come late', said Leslie to me. UNLESS
Leslie said that unless I came early, I wouldn't get a good seat.
5. 'Do you want to go and see the new play at the Arts Centre'? Petra asked her
friend. INTERESTED
Petra asked her friend whether she was interested in going to see the new play
at the Arts Centre.
6. 'I'm sorry, but there's no way I'm going to sleep on the floor', said Naomi.
CLEAR
Naomi made it clear that she is not prepared to sleep on the floor.
7. ‘Did you eat the chocolates?’ Maria said to Peter. ASKED
Maria asked if Peter had eaten the chocolates.
8. ‘Don’t forget to phone tomorrow,’ said my mother. TOLD
My mother told me to remember to phone the next day.
9. ‘Did anyone notice anything unusual?’ asked the police officer. IF
The police officer wanted to know if anyone had noticed anything unusual.
10. ‘Are you waiting to be served?’ said the waitress to me. (ASKED)
The waitress asked if I was waiting to be served.

SUBORDINATE CLAUSES:
1. With great sadness, Sarah told her family about her husband’s severe health
problems. TEARS
Her eyes filled with tears; Sarah told her family about her husband’s severe
health problems.
2. I wanted to show up on time for the star-gazing trip, so I ran quickly to the
meeting point. BE
I ran quickly to the meeting point, not wanting to be late for the star-gazing
trip.
3. I didn’t know that ‘mother-of-pearl’ clouds were so rare and I wasted a lot of
time looking for them. HAD
I wouldn’t have wasted so much time looking for ‘mother-of-pearl’ clouds if I
had known how rare they were.
4. Some countries create clouds by injecting the atmosphere with carbon dioxide
because they don’t receive enough rain. LED
Not receiving enough rain has led to some countries creating clouds by
injecting the atmosphere with carbon dioxide.
5. I realized I didn’t have enough money as I waited to buy my ticket for the
concert. LINE
While in the line to buy my ticket for the concert, I realized I didn’t have
enough money.
6. Because of the changing information they were receiving, they thought their
flight had been called off. CONFUSED
They thought their flight had been called off, confused by the changing
information they were receiving.
7. Try them on, or you will not know whether these jeans look good on you.
WITHOUT
You will not know if these jeans fit without trying them on.
 8. An anti-war demonstration in the city center made us arrive late at the station.
ACCOUNT
We arrived late at the station on account to an anti-war demonstration in the
city center.
9. Being totally deaf made of him a very unusual musician. INASMUCH
He was a very unusual musician inasmuch as he was totally deaf.
10. Not wanting to wake my parents up in the middle of the night, I came in very
silently. SO
I came in very silently so as not to wake my parents up in the middle of the
night.

REPHRASINGS WORKS AND CAREERS:

1 The government needs to stop this ridiculous bureaucratic system. PUT
The government needs to put an end to this ridiculous bureaucratic system.
2 No one except Jake has ever beaten me at a game of chess. ONLY
Jake is the only one that has ever beat me at a game of chess.
3 It's time we began to sort through these cupboards. START
It's time we started sorting through these cupboards.
4 Julie asked for a second's thinking time before she answered. JUST
'Could I just have a second to think before I answer?' asked Julie.
5 I can't really remember the last time I had a day off. AGES
It feels like ages since I had a day off.
6 Sorry, Alan, but right now I'm rather busy. IN
Sorry, Alan, but in the current moment I'm rather busy.
7 They painted the wall very well. MADE
They made a very good job painting the wall.
8 If he doesn't get that job, who knows what he'll do! KNOWING
If he doesn't get that job, there is no knowing about what he'll do!
9 He's likely to lose his job if he keeps disagreeing with his boss. DANGER
If he keeps disagreeing with his boss, he's in danger of losing his job.
10 It is important to be well prepared for an interview because if you make a mistake,
you may not get the job. COST
A mistake in an interview may cost you the job so it is important to be well prepared.

REPHRASINGS HEALTH
1. In the UK, do you have to pay for the medicines your GP tells you to take?
CHARGE In the UK, is there any charge for your medicines told to take by your
doctor?
2. It is your GP who will tell you the specialist you need to consult. REFER
It is your GP the one who will refer you to the specialist.
3. . I admit I’ve been feeling tired and headachy for the last weeks, but I’m sure
it’ll pass. SORTS
I admit I’ve been with sorts of headache lately, but I’m sure it’ll pass.
4. Granny’s turning 95 and is feeling mostly fine, without any serious health
problems. ACHES
Granny’s turning 95 and she only does not have any aches.