Terms Short definition
Held before the inspection for mutual confirmation of necessary inspection documents
Pre Inspection Meeting such as drawings and inspection procedures, inspection items, the necessity of inspection
(PIM) records, applied standards and codes, criteria for acceptance, witness inspection items,
and inspection schedule, etc
A written and signed document that is approved by a qualified party and contains data
Material Test Report and information that attests to the actual properties of an item and the actual results of
all required tests.
Welder Performance and A WPQR is a company-specific qualification that proves that the holding company
Qualification Records possesses the technical welding knowledge necessary to perform metal joining work.
Is a formal document describing welding procedures. It is an internal document used by
Welding Procedure
welding companies to instruct welders (or welding operators) on how to achieve quality
Specification (WPS)
production welds that meet all relevant code requirements
is the record of the actual weld test parameters used. It is the founding document as far
Procedure Qualification
as procedures are concerned and is used to produce welding procedure specification
Records
sheets (WPS) for production welds.
is used to determine or prove the required dimensions and suitability of a Thermowell
Wake Frequency based on the process conditions. The fluid will form a wake, known as a “Von Karman
Calculation (WFC) Trail”. The wake has a specific frequency, which is a function of the diameter of the
thermowell and the fluid velocity.
used for welding is the same: to detect any internal flaws that could cause weld failure.
Non-destructive Test The most common types of non-destructive testing for welds, excluding simple sensory
(NDT) procedure examinations, are liquid penetrant, radiography, magnetic particle, eddy current, and
ultrasonic testing.
is a process that is used to alter the physical properties of a material in a beneficial way.
Heat treatment During a heat treatment process, a material is typically heated to a target temperature
at which its physical properties change. It is then cooled at a controlled rate.
used to check surface-breaking defects in all non-porous materials (metals, plastics, or
ceramics). The penetrant may be applied to all non-ferrous materials and ferrous
materials, although for ferrous components magnetic-particle inspection is often used
Dye penetration
instead for its subsurface detection capability. LPI is used to detect casting, forging and
welding surface defects such as hairline cracks, surface porosity, leaks in new products,
and fatigue cracks on in-service components.
is a NDT process for detecting surface and shallow subsurface discontinuities in
Magnetic Particle Testing ferromagnetic materials such as iron, nickel, cobalt, and some of their alloys. The process
puts a magnetic field into the part.
makes use of mechanical vibrations similar to sound waves but of higher frequency. A
beam of ultrasonic energy is directed into the object to be tested. This beam travels
through the object with insignificant loss, except when it is intercepted and reflected by
Radiography of weld a discontinuity. The ultrasonic contact pulse reflection technique is used. This system
uses a transducer that changes electrical energy into mechanical energy. The transducer
is excited by a high-frequency voltage, which causes a crystal to vibrate mechanically.
The crystal probe becomes the source of ultrasonic mechanical vibration.
is used to analyse and identify material grade and alloy composition for quality and safety
Positive Material control. A rapid, non-destructive method, positive material identification is performed
identification (PMI) on a wide range of components and assets, and provides a semi-quantitative chemical
analysis. It is used for both material verification and identification.
is defined as a measure of how well materials resist localized deformation, such as
Hardness Tests
impacts, indents, or scratches.
Pickling of stainless steel is the cleaning of a metal surface where actual metal removal
is the result in order to remove heavy oxide films (like welding remediation efforts).
Pickling causes etching of the surface and will affect the surface finish.
Pickling and passivation Passivation is a process that is separate from pickling, which can be performed on its own
or after pickling. the surface of the stainless steel is treated with an oxidizing acid, to
dissolve carbon steel, sulphide inclusions and remove iron and other surface
contaminants from the stainless. The acid further works to promote the formation of
the chromium-rich passive film, which imparts the corrosion resistance quality.
is a form of extremely localized corrosion that leads to the random creation of small holes
Pitting
in metal.
makes use of mechanical vibrations similar to sound waves but of higher frequency. A
beam of ultrasonic energy is directed into the object to be tested. This beam travels
through the object with insignificant loss, except when it is intercepted and reflected by
Ultrasonic Test a discontinuity. The ultrasonic contact pulse reflection technique is used. This system
uses a transducer that changes electrical energy into mechanical energy. The transducer
is excited by a high-frequency voltage, which causes a crystal to vibrate mechanically.
The crystal probe becomes the source of ultrasonic mechanical vibration.
1.5 times the nominal pressure of the flange with external pressure, or 500 bar with
Hydrotest
internal pressure. The test is performed with water with a chloride content < 15 ppm.
is a document that certifies that a product or system meets the requirements of a safety
Compliance certificate
regulation or standard.
is the process of certifying that a certain product has passed performance tests and
Product Test Certificate quality assurance tests, and meets qualification criteria stipulated in contracts,
regulations, or specifications
