Mock Tu-adlaw #4

Passage 01

In June, Diane visited her friends who live in San Francisco, California. This was
Diane's first time in the city, and she enjoyed her opportunities to walk around and explore.

On the first day of her trip, Diane visited the Golden Gate Bridge. This red suspension
bridge measures 1.7 miles in length. Diane and her friends did not walk across the bridge.
However, they viewed it from the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, which offers hiking
trails, picnicking areas, and presents spectacular views of the bridge and city. Diane and her
friends made sure to take a group photograph here, featuring the bridge in the background.

The next day, Diane and her friends visited Alcatraz Island. This island is located 1.25
miles offshore in the San Francisco Bay. It used to serve as a lighthouse, military fort, and
prison. Diane and her friends took a small tour boat across bay to reach the island. Their visit
included a guided tour through the old military base and prison. They also took a walk around
the island to appreciate some of the native wildlife in addition to the views of the city.

Diane and her friends spent the final day of her visit in San Francisco's downtown area.
Diane's favorite part of her entire trip was taking a trolley to transport her up and down the
hilly streets of San Francisco. Diane did a lot of shopping downtown on her last day. She and
her friends celebrated the end of her visit by having dinner at one of San Francisco's best
restaurants.

1) What was the purpose of Diane's visit to San Francisco, California?

a) She wanted to tour the city.

b) She was visiting friends who lived there.

c) She wanted to see its famous bridge.

d) She was visiting for a job interview.

2) Visitors can do all of the following at the Golden Gate National Recreation Area except
for:

a) Ride the trolleys

b) Have a picnic

c) Take photographs

d) Hike the trails

3) Where did Diane and her friends go on the second day of her visit?

a) The Golden Gate Bridge

b) The Golden Gate National Recreation Area

c) Alcatraz Island

d) Downtown San Francisco

4) How did Diane and her friends arrive to Alcatraz Island?

a) By foot

b) By car

c) By trolley

d) By boat

5) What was Diane's favorite part about her trip to San Francisco?

a) Her visit to the Golden Gate Bridge

b) Her tour of Alcatraz Island

c) Her trolley rides in the downtown area

d) Her final dinner with her friends

Passage 02

Thanksgiving is a holiday celebrated predominantly in North America, and it possesses

a different meaning in each of the countries where it's acknowledged.

In the United States, Thanksgiving is a federal holiday (meaning all government

employees and most private employees are given a day off of work), and always takes places
on the Fourth Thursday in November, regardless of the date.

The holiday signifies the immense progress made by pilgrims, or some of the first
travelers to North America, at Plymouth Plantation circa 1621. It was at this time that the
hungry and weary Pilgrims were taught (by Native Americans) how to grow and produce food
on North America's unique terrain. Once they'd grown (and caught) an abundance of food, the
Pilgrims were expectedly thankful, and they celebrated alongside the Native Americans who
provided them with such valuable assistance. President Abraham Lincoln initiated the
contemporary practice of Thanksgiving by calling for a "day of Thanksgiving" during one of
his Civil War addresses.
 In America today, Thanksgiving remains firmly engrained in its historical roots, and is
widely considered to be a day for giving thanks for good food, good times, and family.
Thanksgiving dinner generally consists of turkey, mashed potatoes, stuffing, vegetables, gravy,
and ample desserts. To be sure, indulging in abundance is a cornerstone of the holiday, as doing
so could only be possible if one possesses abundance.

6) When is Thanksgiving celebrated in the US?

a) November 25

b) Four weeks before Christmas

c) Throughout November
d) The Fourth Thursday in November

7) Which event(s) began the tradition of Thanksgiving?

a) The pilgrims' food-creation success and largescale celebratory dinner

b) Nobody is certain
c) An address delivered by President Lincoln
d) A and C

8) Which food(s) are often prepared for Thanksgiving dinner?

a) Turkey

b) Potatoes
c) Stuffing
d) All of the above

9) Where is Thanksgiving celebrated?

a) Only in America

b) Only in Canada

c) In English speaking countries

d) Throughout North America and some other parts of the world, albeit in different forms
and on different dates

10) What is the meaning of Thanksgiving's federal holiday status?

a) The federal government instructs all citizens to celebrate Thanksgiving

b) Only federal government employees celebrate Thanksgiving
c) All federal employees and many other workers are given a day off for Thanksgiving

d) It's difficult to say for sure

Passage 03

When exploring New York City, there are several different options for activities during
a day trip. Some visitors come to see a show, visit art museums, or simply to shop in many of
the city's high-end retailers. However, many tourists simply come to New York City for the
sightseeing. One of the most visited landmarks in New York City is the Empire State Building.

The Empire State Building, constructed in 1931, is a 102-story skyscraper, the ninth
highest building in the world, and the fourth tallest structure in the United States. It is located
in Midtown, Manhattan. This skyscraper is an iconic symbol of the city, having been featured
in over 90 popular movies (as of 2018) throughout film history. Tourists come from all over
the world to visit this building and view the city from its famous observation decks.

Matthew, an enthusiast of historic buildings, was excited for this trip to New York City
because he has always appreciated architectural design. Matthew purchased a ticket that
granted him access to beautiful 360-degree views of the city. The ticket included an elevator
ride that stopped at two different vantage points, one at the 86th floor and the other at the
rooftop observatory on the 102nd floor. From these observation decks, Matthew took incredible
photographs of the entire New York City skyline. The rooftop views granted Matthew perfect
aerial perspectives of Central Park, the Brooklyn Bridge, Times Square, the Statue of Liberty,
and many other important city landmarks.

11) Which is not a popular reason that tourists come to New York City?

a) Sightseeing

b) Watching a performance

c) Relaxing on its beaches

d) Shopping

12) The Empire State Building has been featured in more than how many films?

a) 86

b) 90

c) 102

d) 1931

13) Why was Matthew excited for his trip to the Empire State Building?

a) He had never been to a city before.

c) He appreciates architecture and historical buildings.

b) He received a free ticket to the rooftop observatories.

d) He works as a photographer of city skylines.

14) How did Matthew arrive to the top of the building?

a) He walked up the stairs.

b) He rode a helicopter.

c) He climbed the building.

d) He took an elevator.

15) Which is not a landmark that Matthew clearly viewed from the observatory?

a) The Statue of Liberty

b) Times Square

c) The Brooklyn Bridge

d) JFK International Airport

Passage 04

The four seasons are spring, summer, fall, and winter, and although various areas of the
United States experience drastically different weather during these times, all portions of the
country recognize the seasons; winter in California may bring heat, and winter in New York
may bring blizzards, but both periods are nevertheless winter.

Following winter, spring begins on 20 March and ends on either 20 June or 21 June, in
the United States (this date may vary slightly from year to year and hemisphere to hemisphere).
For most, spring is a time of "thawing," when the cold and snow of the winter are replaced by
sunshine, reasonable temperatures, green grass, and more. It is also the season wherein
previously dormant bees and butterflies reemerge, and when birds become more active.

Summer follows spring and spans from about 21 June to 22 September, in America.
Summer is the warmest, the longest, and (arguably) the liveliest of the four seasons; students
from kindergarten to college are given two or so summer months off from class, and to be sure,
there are more young individuals out and about during this season than any other. It's not
uncommon to see shorts, t-shirts, and sunglasses worn by those who're soaking up the summer's
hot sun, and to stay cool, many individuals crank the air conditioning, take a dip in a swimming
pool, and/or explore the ever-comforting ocean waves.
 Autumn (or fall), more than being a simple precursor to winter, is one of the most
beautiful and exciting seasons. Spanning from 22 September to 21 December (technically, that
is; snow will begin to fall long before this latter date, in most parts of the country, leading many
to classify the period as winter) in the US, autumn is characterized by falling leaves, Halloween
(on 31 October), and Thanksgiving. During fall, traditional farmers harvest their produce, and
the aforementioned falling leaves change to gorgeous orange, red, and yellow colors; these
colors are generally associated with autumn itself, in turn.

In the US, winter spans from 21 December to 20 March, and is, as one would expect,
the coldest of the four seasons. In the eastern, northern, and central portions of the country,
winter snowfall can be considerable; in the western and southern portions of the country, winter
snowfall is highly unlikely, but temperatures nevertheless drop from their usual. Winter is most
widely known for its snow and the Christmas holiday, but it also boasts New Year's Eve (on
December 31, in recognition of the start of a new year) and other special days. Ice skating,
sledding, ice hockey, and snowball fights are commonly enjoyed winter activities.

16) In America, students are given roughly two months off from school during which season?

a) Spring

b) Summer

c) Autumn

d) Winter

17) Christmas and New Year's Eve take place during which season?

a) Autumn

b) Summer

c) Winter

d) Spring

18) Autumn is characterized by:

a) Thanksgiving

b) Falling leaves

c) Halloween

d) All of the above

19) Which of the four seasons is the longest?

a) Summer

b) Winter

c) Autumn

d) Spring

20) Which season is thought of by many as a "thaw"?

a) Winter

b) Autumn

c) Spring

d) Summer

Passage 05

Some of the most important landmarks in the United States include feats of architecture
and modern engineering. San Francisco, California, is a beautiful city on its own, but it is also
home to The Golden Gate Bridge, a 1.7 miles suspension bridge connecting the San Francisco
Peninsula to the Marin Headlands. The bridge holds the title of one of the Wonders of the
Modern World according to the American Society of Civil Engineers.

One of the most popular ways to appreciate the bridge is to take an excursion to the
Golden Gate National Recreation Area just outside of San Francisco. The park contains hiking
trails, great spots for picnicking, and offers some of the best vantage points for panoramic
photographs of the bridge leading into the city.

David recently had some friends visit him in San Francisco, and he made sure to include
a visit to the recreation area as part of their tour. They enjoyed walking through the trails,
observing some of the native wildlife, and even having a casual picnic in the park. David's
friends were thankful that he guided them through this impressive area of California. They
made sure to take a group photograph with the Golden Gate Bridge in the background. David's
friends had the picture framed, and they later presented it to David in order to thank him for
his hospitality during their stay.

21) What two places does the Golden Gate Bridge connect?

a) San Francisco and Alcatraz Island

b) San Francisco and the Golden Gate National Recreation Area

c) San Francisco and the Marin

d) San Francisco and Sacramento Headlands

22) San Francisco is situated upon what kind of land mass?

a) A valley

b) An isthmus

c) An island

d) A peninsula

23) What group of professionals named the bridge a Wonder of the Modern World?

a) architects

b) engineers

c) ecologists

d) politicians

24) Where is the best place for visitors to enjoy views of the bridge?

a) Downtown San Francisco

b) Golden Gate National Recreation Area

c) A boat tour through San Francisco Bay

d) Alcatraz Island

25) How did David's friends thank him for his hospitality?

a) They treated him to a picnic in the park.

c) They invited him to visit them in New York.

b) They gave him a framed photo from their trip.

d) They bought him dinner at the end of the day.

Passage 06

The Grand Canyon, one of the Seven Wonders of the Natural World, is located in the
state of Arizona. It is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Formed by over 70 million years
of erosion from the Colorado River, the Grand Canyon offers a spectacular view. The canyon
spans 277 miles in length, up to 18 miles in width, and it measures over a mile in depth at its
deepest points. Carlos always wanted to visit the Grand Canyon, and recently he received the
chance to hike some of the trails and take several panoramic photographs during his visit.

When Carlos arrived at the visitor center, he watched a brief movie that taught tourists
about the Grand Canyon National Park and the geological history of the canyon's formation.
Later, Carlos followed a hiking trail to become even further acquainted with the canyon. While
walking through the trails, Carlos saw some tourists riding donkeys to traverse the canyon's
ridges. Throughout his hiking expedition, Carlos used a map to find some of the best hot spots
for photographs within the canyon. He revisited some areas at different points in the day
because sun angles and lighting can make a big difference in the quality of a photo. Carlos was
very pleased that he got to travel to the Grand Canyon. He loves hiking and photography, so
this was the perfect outdoor experience for him. He posted all of his best pictures on social
media, and his friends were amazed by his breathtaking, panoramic shots.

26) All of the following is true about the Grand Canyon except:

a) It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

b) Its measurements are unknown.

c) It is one of the Seven Wonders of the Natural World.

d) It is a U.S. National Park.

27) What geological process best explains how the Grand Canyon formed?

a) An earthquake

b) A volcanic eruption

c) River erosion

d) A tsunami
28) What geological process best explains how the Grand Canyon formed?

a) An earthquake

b) A volcanic eruption

c) River erosion

d) A tsunami

29) What did Carlos do with his pictures after his trip?

a) He had them developed and created an album.

b) He posted them on social media.

c) He framed the photos to decorate his home.

d) He used them as inspiration to write poetry.

30) Why did Carlos return to some of the hot spots for photographs?

a) The sun angle and lighting influences photo quality.

b) He realized his camera wasn't working the first time.

c) He got lost and needed to retrace his footsteps.

d) He accidentally deleted all of his earlier photographs.

Passage 07

The Statue of Liberty, arguably one of New York City's most iconic symbols, is a
popular tourist attraction for first-time visitors to the city. This 150-foot monument was gifted
to the United States from France in order to celebrate 100 years of America's independence.
The statue is located on Liberty Island, and it is accessible by taking a ferry from either Battery
Park in New York City or Liberty State Park in Jersey City.

When Claire visited the Statue of Liberty for the first time, she instantly admired it as
a symbol of freedom. Claire made sure to make reservations before her visit because only 240
people are permitted to climb the staircase to the top of the statue every day. After climbing
almost 400 stairs, Claire received spectacular views of the city from the statue's crown.

During her visit, Claire learned that the Statue of Liberty was not always the color that
it is now. She found out that because the statue's exterior is made of copper, the statue oxidized
over time, giving it the greenish appearance it has in present day. When it was first constructed,
the statue was the same color as a shiny penny! After touring the Statue of Liberty, Claire spent
the rest of the day in New York City visiting other important monuments and historic
landmarks. Claire left New York hoping to have had the time to explore more sites, but she
can't wait to return to the city in the future.

31) Who gifted the Statue of Liberty to the United States?

a) The British

b) The French

c) The Spanish

d) The Dutch

32) What was the Statue of Liberty intended to celebrate?

a) Open immigration to the United States

b) The end of the Civil War

c) Economic recovery from the Great Depression

d) A century of American independence

33) How many people are permitted to climb the statue's stairs per day?

a) 100

b) 150

c) 240

d) 400

34) From which part of the statue did Claire receive spectacular views of the city?

a) The mouth

b) The nose

c) The eyes

d) The crown

35) Why has the Statue of Liberty changed color over time?

a) Its copper exterior oxidized.

b) It was painted green during restorations.

c) The statue is poorly maintained by the city.

d) New York's poor air quality has eroded the statue.

Logic Part

36. Magazine article: Multivitamins seem to be taken mostly by the people who do not need
them. Studies have shown that among those who take a multivitamin at least once a week,
over 70% reported that they also eat, on average, the recommended daily allotment of fruits,
vegetables, and whole grains. As one researcher put it, this is like “getting the same
vaccination twice.” For these people, the multivitamin is simply not necessary.

Which one of the following is an assumption upon which the magazine article’s argument
depends?

a) The amount of people who both take multivitamins regularly and eat the
recommended daily allotment of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains is greater than
the amount of people who do only one of those activities.
b) Those who take multivitamins at least once a week take them, on average, 3.5 times a
week.
c) Those who participated in the studies cited by the magazine article did not taint their
diets by eating a large amount of fattening and sugary foods.
d) Most people who take multivitamins at least once a week are also getting sufficient
exercise.
e) Multivitamins provide no benefits beyond the benefits already gained by eating the
recommended daily allotment of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

37. Some recent classical music can be considered masterpieces. All masterpieces have a
tight melodic structure. Furthermore, any piece of classical music that does not appeal to
most aficionados of that musical genre cannot be deemed a masterpiece.

Each of the following statements follows logically from the assertions above EXCEPT:

a) Some recent classical music have tight melodic structure and appeal to aficionados of
that genre.

b) Some recent classical music has tight melodic structures.

c) Only classical music with a tight melodic structure and an appeal to aficionados of that
genre can be deemed a masterpiece.

d) Some classical music that appeals to aficionados of that genre have tight melodic
structures.

e) Only classical music that has a tight melodic structure appeals to classical music
aficionados.
38. News programs that have public intellectuals as guests often result in high-level
discussions about social issues that many find uncomfortable or disturbing. For example,
leftist intellectuals like Noam Chomsky and rightist intellectuals like William F. Buckley
often angered and shocked television viewers, precisely because they prompted discussions
that question basic assumptions many of us have about ourselves and the world. It is
therefore quite clear that news programs on PBS (Public Broadcasting System), because they
do not shy away from having controversial public intellectuals as guests, should continue to
receive public funding.

Which one of the following is an assumption that the above argument requires in order for its
conclusion to be properly drawn?

a) Chomsky and Buckley only appeared on programs that received public funding.
b) Most high-level discussions of social issues are disturbing or provoke feelings of
discomfort.
c) Programs on commercial television networks tend to be bland, or at least less likely to
air controversial views that many could find disturbing or uncomfortable.
d) Public funding should be used to support the broadcasting of high-level discussions
that many might find uncomfortable or disturbing.

e) Any discussion that disturbs or provokes discomfort is of a high level.

39. A great film is not always appreciated by film critics when it is first released. In fact,
many films now considered great were poorly reviewed upon their release; some critics even
walked out of the initial screenings. Therefore, we must wait at least twenty years before
determining the greatness of any particular film.

Which one of the following is an assumption that the argument requires in order for its
conclusion to be properly drawn?

a) Most great films become more appreciated over time.

b) Some film critics jump to conclusions when initially reviewing films which they later
regret.
c) If initial impressions of a film might be inaccurate, its greatness cannot be determined
until a period of time has passed.
d) A film that is well-reviewed upon its release and remains appreciated after twenty
years is unmistakably a great film.
e) If a film is not appreciated twenty years after its release, it is not a great film.

40. Advertisement: Most cable companies are misleading you as to their prices. Their
strategy is to advertise a low price, then tack on hidden fees after the customer has been
“hooked.” The overall cost of that cable subscription often ends up to 20% higher than the
advertised price. At Cool Cable, we state the full price of the subscription up front, so you
know exactly what kind of deal you’re getting. This will help you make a more informed
decision.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the advertisement’s argument

depends?
 a) The advertised prices at Cool Cable are equal to or cheaper than other cable
companies’ overall prices after taking into account the hidden fees.
b) People will make less informed decisions if the full price of the product is not given
until after they have been “hooked.”
c) Most people are unaware of the hidden fees before ordering from other cable
companies.
d) Customers are “hooked” whenever they see advertisements where prices are lower
than those in other advertisements.
e) Most people would prefer that the full price of a cable subscription is stated up front.

41. Some have argued that the Tibutu tribe know nothing about the concept of private
property because the Tibutu do not have in their dialect any word or phrase that appears to
capture the concept. But this is pure nonsense. A person who drinks water and uses it for
bathing surely knows what water is, even if that person has no word for it.

Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?

a) Knowing what something is necessarily involves attaching a word or phrase to that

something.
b) Those who experience something know it better than those who merely have a name
for that something.
c) Naming something and knowing something need not be the same thing.
d) One need not have a word or phrase for water before knowing what water is.
e) Naming something is useless in getting to know that something.

42. Spiritual guru: All forms of analysis involve making distinctions, which is nothing more
than using logic like a knife to slice up so-called “Reality". So we can say that analytical
thought necessarily ignores the unifying features of all material forms and concepts. It
likewise follows that non-analytical thought that embraces spiritual sensibilities is a more
profound form of engagement with reality.

Which one of the following is an assumption necessary for the spiritual guru’s conclusion to
be properly drawn?

a) It is impossible to grasp the unity of material forms and concepts if one engages in
analytical thought to understand how something works.
b) Spiritual enlightenment entails grasping the unity of all material forms and concepts.
c) Grasping the unity of material forms and concepts constitutes a more profound way to
engage with “reality” than using analysis to understand “reality.”
d) Making distinctions through analytical thought clouds one’s perception of “reality.”
e) Those who have strong analytical abilities can never gain spiritual enlightenment.

43. Psychologist: Those suffering addictions to alcohol or drugs often rely on people close to
them to facilitate their maladaptive behavior. They often manipulate others to feel guilty by
withdrawing affection or attention until the other person capitulates and seeks to ingratiate
him or herself to the addict. The person then caters to the addict, helps the addict get what he
or she wants—namely, drink or drugs—and their relationship has some semblance of being
strengthened. This pattern of guilt-inducement and guilt-relieving behavior by the addict and
the facilitating partner is repeated such that the level of manipulation escalates to the point of
intolerability.

The description offered by the psychologist best illustrates which one of the following
generalizations?

a) An addict and a significant other can mutually influence each other’s behavior.
b) Inducing guilt in others is a learned behavior that goes in tandem with drug or alcohol
abuse.
c) Addicts are incapable of having quality intimate relationships, so long as they
continue to abuse drugs or alcohol.
d) The best way to help an addict is to sever all intimate ties with him or her.
e) All addicts are manipulative and should therefore not be trusted.

44.Political scientist: Quality public education at the high school level leads to a citizenry
more attuned to the problems of the community and of the society at large. But quality
public education at the high school level does not necessarily lead to a citizenry capable of
discerning which politicians are best equipped to address those problems, since campaign
money can distort how arguments for change are presented. Consequently, rapid but
foolhardy change may occur in a society that quickly improves its public education system at
the high school level but does not address the problem of money in politics.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the political scientist's argument
depends?

a) A politician who receives large campaign contributions ought not to be supported by

the citizenry.
b) All societes that fail to control the flow of money in politics will be undermined by
the poor decisionmaking of the citizenry.
c) Campaign reforms designed to control the flow of money in politics will likely lead to
a pace of social change that is appropriate to the society.
d) Unbridled campaign contributions to candidates affect the ability of citizens to
differentiate which politicians are better equipped to address community and social
problems.
e) Without a quality public school system at the high school level, there can be no
genuine social reform.

45. City officials care a great deal about maintaining man-made structures so as to avoid
liability. For instance, officials act quickly when bridges deteriorate to the point of causing
concrete to fall on roadways. There can be no doubt that the officials' only concern is
liability, because they rarely respond with similar urgency to address branches falling from
rotting trees.

Which of the following assumptions is necessary for the conclusion to be properly drawn?
 a) City officials are liable for harm from man-made structures that are not maintained
but not for branches falling from rotting trees
b) Bridges are not the only type of man-made structure that requires maintenance
c) Branches fall from rotting trees as frequently as concrete falls from deteriorating
bridges
d) Deteriorating bridges are one of the most common types of roadway hazards
e) City officials only act quickly to address deteriorating bridges when concrete begins
falling on roadways

46.Student: Obtaining student loans will be more beneficial to my future than working full-
time while in school. If I obtain student loans for my remaining years in college, I will be in
significant debt after I graduate from college. If I do not obtain student loans, and instead
secure a full-time job while in school, I will avoid such debt. However, I cannot obtain a job
in my chosen field after graduation without good grades, and my grades will suffer greatly if
I am working full-time while attending school.

Which one of the following is an assumption required by the student’s argument?

a) Employers in the student’s chosen field consider only good grades when deciding
whether to hire new graduates.
b) Avoidance of significant debt is the most important factor in determining what is
beneficial to the student’s future.
c) Obtaining a job in the student’s chosen field after graduation is more beneficial to the
student’s future than avoiding significant debt.
d) The amount of debt incurred by the student as a result of student loans will be lower
than the amount of net income attained by working full-time while in school.
e) A full-time job obtained during school will not pay a higher salary than a job obtained
after graduation.

47.The campaign for increased care of the environment is doomed to fail. At this point,
nothing can be done to prevent the melting of polar ice caps. The melting would continue
even if all conduct harmful to the environment ended today. It is simply too late to stop the
inevitable melting.

Which of the following must be assumed in order for the conclusion to be properly drawn?

a) The campaign for increased care of the environment will not cause people to care for
the environment
b) Melting of ice caps is caused by a failure to care for the environment
c) The campaign for increased care of the environment will fail unless it prevents the
melting of ice caps
d) The campaign for increased care of the environment will not decrease conduct
harmful to the environment
e) Melting of ice caps will cause harm to the environment

48. Defense attorney: At this point it is abundantly clear that the rich receive better
representation in the legal system. Those who can afford private attorneys often spend
thousands or even millions of dollars on legal fees. This allows the private attorney to focus
exclusively on that client's case, devoting his or her time and resources to it. Meanwhile, the
poor are forced to either represent themselves or rely upon an appointed public attorney, who
has hundreds of cases that must be handled simultaneously.

Which one of the following is an assumption required by the defense attorney's argument?

a) Those attorneys who can focus exclusively on a client's case provide better
representation than either those who represent themselves or attorneys who have
many cases that must be handled simultaneously.
b) If a public attorney is appointed to a particular case, that attorney spends no more
time or resources in his or her representation on that case than on the other cases
which are being handled simultaneously.
c) The more money one spends on legal fees, the more competent one's attorney will be
in handling a particular case.
d) Those who represent themselves do not have legal training equal to that of attorneys
who have attended law school and passed the bar exam.
e) Private attorneys never give discounts on legal fees to those who cannot afford their
higher rates.

49. At a particular bakery, sales have increased in each of the last six months. The top-selling
item at the bakery is the peanut butter cookie. Due to concerns over nut allergies, the
bakery has temporarily taken the peanut butter cookie off the menu and replaced it with the
all-new snickerdoodle cookie. It is fair to say that the bakery's sales will not increase for a
seventh consecutive month.

Which of the following assumptions does the author's argument rely upon?

a) The snickerdoodle cookie will not be the top-selling cookie.

b) Aside from the peanut butter cookie, the rest of the menu at the bakery remains
unchanged.
c) The bakery has been in business for only six months.
d) The peanut butter cookie was so significant to overall sales that its replacement
will halt sales growth.
e) The snickerdoodle cookie will not be as popular as the peanut butter cookie was.

50. Politician: Building up the military is a necessary part of keeping the nation safe. Other
nations will invade our territory if they sense weakness, and having a strong national defense
will make other nations think twice before they threaten our borders. Only an impressive
military will allow us to make the world safe.

Which of the following is a necessary assumption in the argument made above?

a) The way to show military strength is to invade other nations with weaker militaries.
b) The nation's military should always be as strong as the government can possibly make
it.
c) The proper size of the nation's military is a divisive political argument.
d) The nation's military is not currently strong enough to invade other nations.
e) A nation will always invade another nation that it views as weak militarily.
Essay Topic

“Due to the popular using Legal Tech in Thailand and around

the globe, ChatGPT is one of the well-known applications which most
people in the world have pay attention to. In your opinion, do you think
that ChatGPT is benefit for lawyer or not, and why?