ICONS AND APPLICATIONS

Unicorn icon yes, in computer scienceapictogramwhat is used for

representfiles,foldersprogramsstorage units,etc. in asystem
operativegraph.In modern use, the icon can represent anything that the
users want: anythingcommandthe process, or any other indicator.
A computer icon is generally located in the range of 16 by 16 pixels to 128
by 128 pixels. Some operating systems offer icons of up to 512 by 512 pixels. The
users with vision problems (due to conditions such as poor lighting, eyes
tired, medical impediments, bright funds) may require size adjustment of the
icon.

Programs

There are programs to create and edit icons for different platforms. The systems that
They use simple images and only need a standard image editor.

Icon editors often include a basic image editor for drawing pixel by pixel.
pixel using simple tools and filters. Some programs, especially commercial ones,
they come with more advanced features, along with image editing software.

An important function of these types of programs is the generation of icons from

images. Some have a capture function to create an icon of the capture of a part
from the screen. Another common feature is the extraction of icons from binary files
(executable file .EXE or software library .Dll).

There are also websites to perform simple operations on the icons.

APPLICATIONS
Incomputer sciencean application is acomputer programdesigned as a tool for
allow a user to perform one or several types of tasks. This mainly differentiates it
of other types of programs, such as theoperating systems that make it work
thecomputertheutilities(that carry out maintenance or general use tasks), and
thedevelopment tools of software(to create software programs). The
applications belong to theapplication software.
It usually turns out that a software solution is oriented towards theautomationof certain tasks
complicated, such as they can be theaccountingthe drafting of documents, or the management of
warehouses. Some examples of general application programs of this type are
theword processorsthespreadsheetsand thedatabase.
Certain custom-developed applications can offer great usability and speed.
in execution, as they are exclusively designed to solve a specific problem.
Others, called integrated software packages, offer less power in terms of
adaptability to use and requirements regarding the equipment used (available memory, time
of use, etc.), but in return, they include a varied range of applications, as is the case of
the aforementioned programs word processors, spreadsheet processors, and
database managers.
HOME BUTTON
The Start menu is a graphic list of shortcuts to various
functions like common programs or options such as Documents
and Turn off the system, all in one place; therefore a
truly essential characteristic.
In the early versions of Windows, there was no start menu, it
I used a program manager for the same function. The
Program Manager was the graphical interface of Windows 3.1,
This groups the shortcuts into categories according to their purpose. In
the development ofWindows Cairothe Program Manager was replaced by
a layout of three icons (File cabinet, World, Programs) and a bottom band with System,
Find (magnifying glass) and Help (question mark with letter i), a white area to place shortcuts,
while pressing the Minimize button, the programs are displayed as gray rectanglesses2
3

While studying the functionality of this arrangement, however, the problem was detected that the
users lost sight of the programs icon as it hid the open applications. For
It was resolved by unifying all the icons into a single button on the bottom bar (always visible).
with the text Start highlighting its function; this arrangement has advantages over the Administrator
of programs, which could not insert groups within other groups, the Start menu offers
a hierarchy of access by nesting folders within others; and links to options
fundamentals for PC management. It can be accessed by clicking on the "button" that
It is located to the left of the taskbar.s.4
Windows 95 inherited this interface (while Cairo was still in 'development') promoted with the
songStart Me Up, and the design in general did not have great variations apart from placing the
Internet Explorer favorites, My Documents, and Administrative Tools in(Windows
2000and later versions) was replaced by a better version
The Start Menu underwent a significant overhaul in Windows XP. It is now expanded to two
columns, with the one on the right being a list of common destinations (My documents, printers,
control panel, Network sites, etc.) for easy access. And on the left, the programs.
anchored or most used. Now there is an access called All Programs, which shows us
drop-down menus like the old menu.

Windows 7
The option to set the old menu to Windows 2000 style is no longer possible.
This menu is the same as the one in Windows Vista, except that the shortcuts Documents, Images,
videos and music now point to their respective libraries and instead of being able to watch the
Different options (such as shutdown, suspended, restarted...) are now hidden behind an arrow.
just next to the 'Power' button.

Windows 10
In Windows 10, the menu returns and the right column is now occupied by modern apps.
the search box still remains in its place and function.
QUICK START

Incomputer scienceit was called a task bar, the bar that is used to find and
control applications of variousoperating systemsamong themMicrosoft
WindowsLinuxyMac OS X.
To know the location of the windows
If you open more than one program or document simultaneously, it is possible that the
windows begin to pile up quickly on the desk. The windows
they cover each other or occupy the entire screen, making it difficult to see more at times
down there or remember what is open. It is in these situations where the
the taskbar is very convenient. Whenever you open a program, a file,
an application, Windows creates a button in the taskbar that corresponds
with that element. The button displays the icon and the name of the element. In the image
included below, there are three open programs; Word, Excel, and the Player
of Windows media; each with its own button on the taskbar.
You will see how the Word button on the taskbar appears selected. This
indicates that Word is the active window, meaning it is in front of
other open windows and it is ready to be interacted with. To change
to another window, just click the corresponding button on the taskbar.
Clicking on the toolbar buttons is just one of several
ways to switch between windows.
Minimize and restore windows
When a window is active (the corresponding button appears selected
in the taskbar), clicking its button on the taskbar minimizes it
the window. This means that the window disappears from the desktop. When it
minimize a window, it does not close or delete its content, it simply gets removed
temporarily from the desktop. In the previous image; Excel and the
Windows Media Player but they are still running, as they appear
their respective buttons in the taskbar. You can also minimize a
window by clicking the Minimize button located in the upper right corner
from the window.
Minimize Button (right)
To restore a minimized window - that is, to make it display again in
the desktop - click on its button in the taskbar. For more
information about these buttons, consult help and technical support from
Windows
APPLICATIONS

Incomputer sciencean application is asoftware program designed as

tool to allow a user to perform one or various types of tasks. This
it mainly differs from other types of programs, such as thesystems
operational(that make it work thecomputer)theutilities(that they carry out
maintenance or general use tasks), and thedevelopment tools
ofsoftware(to create computer programs). Applications belong
to theapplication software.

It often turns out that a software solution is oriented towards theautomationof certain
complicated tasks, such as they can be theaccountingthe drafting of documents,
or warehouse management. Some examples of application programs
general of this type, are theword processors,thespreadsheetsy
thedatabase.
Certain custom-developed applications can offer great power
use and speed in execution, as they are exclusively designed to solve
a specific problem. Others, called integrated software packages, offer
less power in terms of adaptability to use and requirements in terms of
equipment used (available memory, usage time, etc), but in return, they include
a varied range of applications, such as the aforementioned programs
word processors, spreadsheet processors, and database managers
of data.

Diagram showing the location and relationship of the applications in front of the
end user, and with otherscomputer programsexisting.
Other examples of application programs can be: application programs of
communication of datamultimedia presentationsdesign graph
calculationfinanceemail web browserfile compression
project budgets, business management, etc.
RESIDENT APPLICATIONS

A resident program is a program that remains in memory of the

computer, that's why we talk about resident programs in memory. Any
application that you use on your computer (game, p2p, image editor, word, etc)
takes up a certain amount of memory, but when you close the program, the memory is
free and can be used for another purpose. Resident programs remain
all the time in memory, even if you are not using it at that moment and for
they permanently occupy a portion of your computer's memory.

To make it a bit clearer, let's say that for example when you stop playing
with one of your games this completely frees up memory but if you use the antivirus
to analyze a file, after having analyzed it the antivirus remains in
memory protecting your computer.

What are resident memory programs for?

Every time you turn on the computer, the resident programs in memory, like
the antivirus loads along with the operating system so that these programs
they are available from the very beginning. In the case of the antivirus, this allows
that the system is protected from the moment the computer starts up without you having to
Open the antivirus every time you turn on the computer.

As you can see, it's good that programs like antivirus

They automatically start when the computer is turned on and that
they remain in memory to allow for continuous use.
Other programs that also reside in memory have
to speed up the loading of an application, for
example the programAcrobat Reader,what is used to open
PDF files reside partially in memory waiting
that you want to open a PDF file, this way when
you open one of these files the program is already loaded
partially and the load is done more quickly (if you want a substitute for the
Acrobat Reader thinks aboutFoxit PDF.

On the other hand, it may happen that you have many programs installed on your
computer, something quite normal, and that many of those programs want
partially load at the beginning to be available more quickly, this
means that the computer startup slows down enormously (one of the
problems of a slow computer are these) and that all these programs
Resident memory consumes a large part of the available memory in the
system. Therefore, what may initially seem like a benefit ends up being
an inconvenience as it slows down the computer, it increases the consumption of
theCPUunnecessarily and this last point can also lead to overheating
excessive processor (especially in summer).
 DATE AND TIME OF THE SYSTEM

Date and time properties tool allows the user to change the date
and the system time to configure the time zone used in the system, so
how to define the Network Time Protocol (NTP) daemon to synchronize the clock of
system with a time server.
You must be running the X Window system and have root user privileges to
use this tool. To start the application from the desktop, press the button
from Main Menu => System Configuration => Date & Time or write the
command redhat-config-date in the shell command indicator (for example,
in an XTerm or GNOME terminal.

31.1. Properties of time and date

As shown in theFigure 31-1, the first
the window that appears is to configure the date and the
system time and the NTP daemon (ntpd).

Figure 31-1. Time and date properties

To change the date, use the arrows on the left
and the right of the month to change it. Use the
arrows to the left and right of the year for
change it and press on the day of the week to
change it. The changes will not take place until
Do not press the OK button.

To change the time, use the up and down arrows located next to
Hour, Minute and Seconds in the Hour section. Changes will not be applied if not
Click on the OK button. The Network Time Protocol (NTP) daemon synchronizes the
system clock with a remote time server or with a time source (for
example, a satellite). The application allows you to configure the NTP daemon to
synchronize the system clock with a remote server. To enable this feature,
Click the button to activate the Network Time Protocol. This will open the menu.
server dropdown. In this dropdown menu, you can select one of the
predefined servers or write a server name. The system will not start the
synchronization with the NTP server until you click OK. After clicking
Click OK, the settings will be saved and it will start (or restart if it is already running)
running the NTP daemon.
Clicking OK will apply any changes you have made to the date and
time, to the settings of the NTP daemon and to the timezone settings.
He/She also leaves the program.
 TASKBAR

Position
On Windows, the default position of the taskbar is at the bottom of the
screen, from left to right contains by default the Start menu, the bar of
quick start, the taskbar buttons and the "Notification Area".

Elements

The Start Menu is a highly important element for working with Windows.
this is shown when we click on the Home button, this contains
commands to access programs, documents or settings. These
commands include Programs, Documents, Control Panel, Search, Help,
Execute, log out, and turn off the computer.

The Start menu is the main menu of Windows, and it is very important, as it is
the starting point of most operations to be performed with the computer.
It is the gateway to a vast amount of possibilities that our
computer

The Quick Launch Bar, introduced withInternet Explorer4, contains access

direct links to the applications. Windows sets default links, such as Internet
Explorer, and the user or third-party software can add more later. A single
Click on an icon in the area launches the application. This section is not always available.
present: for example, it is absent by default inWindows XPbut it can
activate.
Windows creates a taskbar button when an application creates one.
window that does not have another main window: for example, a window that does not
it has a 'parent' and is created according to the user interface guidelines
of Windows.
Windows XPintroduced the grouping of the taskbar, with which it
you can group multiple windows into the same button on the taskbar. This
button appears as a menu with all windows grouped when clicked
about him. This prevents the taskbar from becoming overloaded with buttons from
same type of program or application.
Windows Vistaintroduced the window preview which showed in
thumbnail a view of the application in real time. This improvement is provided
by the Window Manager.
Windows 7 introduced jump lists. Jump lists are menus that provide
shortcuts to recently opened documents, or different options
with which to interact with a specific program. They are shown when the
User right-clicks on the icon in the taskbar, or when dragging
the up icon with the left mouse button.
The last part of the bar is called the notification area or tray of the
system. It contains status notifications, although some programs,
(like Winamp, they use it to minimize the windows.
 ELEMENTS OF THE WINDOWS DESKTOP

Desktop: Area where the most frequently used icons are located and where you
Applications are deployed at the moment they are executed.
Below is the highlighted screen:

Desktop Elements

Start Button: Grants access to the main Windows menu.

Icons: Graphic representations of Windows objects. They contain labels.

that identify them and provide access to certain programs and components of the
computer.

There are two types of Icons:

From Program: They represent a file that will be executed (application).

From Document: They represent a data file created by a
certain application.

An icon opens by double-clicking on it.

Taskbar: It is a horizontal strip that contains the start button, some...

device icons, the clock, the names of the applications that are found
open and the shortcut icons for various applications.
Windows: Graphic structures that are quadrangular in shape in which activities are carried out
operations and functions of applications.

Structure of the windows: First, the control box and the toolbar are presented.
There is a Menu Bar, which is usually accompanied by the
Toolbar, which includes icons that allow you to perform an action
associated with this function.

Most Windows windows contain three buttons located in the

upper right corner. The first one, called 'Minimize', allows you to reduce the
window. The second one, called 'Maximize', allows expanding the window to the size
from the screen. When the window is maximized, the Maximize button changes its
appearance and becomes the "Restore" button, which allows returning to the size
original from the window before maximizing. The third button, 'Close', allows to give
for the activity that is being carried out.
 1 CLICK

Incomputer scienceyou click the action of pressing anybutton or keyofdevice

pointer(mouse, touchpadotrackball) from thecomputerAs a result of
in this operation, the system applies some process or function to the object indicated by
thecursoror pointer at the time of carrying it out.
If usually use the expressions 'to do' click
"click", "to click" or "to click on" to refer to the action or operation.
Depending on the type of computer,system
operativeinstalled, of theprogram
computer scientistosoftware application in use, and of the
highlighted element; as well as which button
press and with what sequence of pulses
if you do, the resulting action will be different between
a varied series of possibilities.
Although it is very common to see the word written in
English, click, the correct meaning proposed by
theDictionary of the Spanish Language click, without
wood has Anglo-Saxon origins, and its plural is cylicses.

DOUBLE CLICK
Incomputer sciencethe term double click is assigned to an action that consists of
press twice quickly without interruption on one of the buttons of amousewithout
move it. The goal of this technique is to allow a user to perform
with the same button a different operation than the one usually performed, like in
the case of aclicksimple.
This term, translated fromEnglishdouble-click comes from the soundclickproduced
by the mouse when this action is performed (two clicks).

Use
In mice that have several buttons, it generally refers to the button located
to the left, or the one located to the right if the mouse is configured for a left-handed person. At
double clicking produces a different event depending on the object on which it occurs
carried out.
Icon
In most of thegraphical interfacesa double click on aiconassociated with a
the program will have the effect of executing it, and a double click on a document will have
as an effect to open it.