A

MAJOR PROJECT REPORT

ON

“Snake Game”

In partial fulfillment

For the award of degree of

“Bachelor of Technology”

Department of Computer Engineering & Information technology

Submitted To: Submitted By:

Ms. Charu Upadhyay Ayushi Bhardwaj

(Assistant Professor) SID – 88387

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Suresh Gyan Vihar University,Jaipur

April 2023

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 STUDENT DECLARATION

I declare that my 6th semester report entitled ‘Snake Game’ is my own work

conducted under supervision of Ms. Charu Upadhyay

I further declare that to the best of our knowledge the report for B.tech 6 th semester

does not contain part of the work which has submitted for the award of B.tech degree

either in this or any other university without proper citation.

Student’s sign Submitted to:

Ms. Charu Upadhyay

(Assistant professor)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Working in a good environment and motivation enhance the quality of the work and I
get it from my college through our CGMT project .

I have been permitted to take this golden opportunity under the expert guidance of
Ms. Charu Upadhyay from SGVU , Jaipur. I am heartily thankful to her to make
complete my project successfully. She has given us her full experience and extra
knowledge in practical field.

I am also thankful to my head of department Mr. Sohit Agarwal and all CEIT staff to
guide us.

Finally, we think all the people who had directly or indirectly help as to complete our
project.

Student name:

Ayushi Bhardwaj

SID no. - 88387

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled ‘Image to cartoon converter.

Is a bonafied report of the work carried by Ayushi Bhardwaj under guidance and

supervision for the partial fulfilment of degree of the B.tech CSE at Suresh Gyan

Vihar University, Jaipur.

To the best of our knowledge and belief, this work embodies the work of candidates

themselves, has duly been completed, fulfils the requirement of the ordinance

relating to the bachelor degree of the university and is up to the standard in respect

of content, presentation and language for being referred to the examiner.

Ms. Charu Upadhyay Mr. Sohit agarwal

Assistant Professor HOD, CEIT

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 Table of Contents

Title Page

1. INTRODUCTION 8

1 Introduction to the Project

2: LITERATURE REVIEW 9
2.1 Literature Survey

2.2 Modules

3: PROBLEM FORMULATION 11
3.1 Description of Problem Domain

3.2 Problem Statement

3.3 Depiction of Problem Statement

3.4 Objective

4: PROPOSED WORK AND SYSTEM DESIGN 16

4.1.1 Software Design

4.1.2 Functional Requirements

4.1.3 Non – Functional Requirements

4.1.4 Software Requirement Specification 19
4.1.5 hardware and software requirement

5: IMPLEMENTATION 21

5.1 Python

5.2 PY-GAME

5.3 Functional Description

5.4 Implementation Steps

5.5 Working Algorithm

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6: TESTING 27

6.1 Software Testing

6.2. Test Case Design
6.3 TEST CASES

6.4 OUTPUT

7: CONTRIBUTION OF PROJECT TO THE SOCIETY 30

8. LIMITATION 31

9. FUTURESCOPE 31

10. CONCLUSION 32

11. REFERENCES 33

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 1. INTRODUCTION

Playing games is fun and exciting. It gives us relief from stress and unwinds
from our stressful work. Many of us spend our free time or others that use
most of their time in playing and exploring new games. Today, with the raped
development of technology we have, games that are rising up together with it.
Nowadays with technology we have many games that are developed for
computers specifically for windows. With the high technology equipped with
these computer games become robust and attract many people to buy or have
this gadget for them to experience what's inside it which makes it a trend for
thenew generation of gadget.

Snake game is a computer action game, whose goal is to control a stake to

moveand collect food in a map. It has been around since the earliest days of
home computing and has re-emerged in recent years on mobile phones.

It isn't the world's greatest game, but it does give you an idea of what you can
achieve with a simple python program, and perhaps the basis by which to
extend the principles and create more interesting games on your own. To
movethe snake, use up arrow for up, down arrow for down, "left arrow for left
and right arrow for right. Press "Q' to exit the game at any time, press "C" to
continue the game.

The aim of the game is to collect the dots (food) and avoid the obstacles
(walls,boundaries). As you collect the food, the stake gets longer. The score
also increases. There is no concept of life. Once you hit an obstacle, that's it,
game over.

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 2. LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 LITERATURE SURVEY

The history of the Snake game goes back to the 1970's, the concept originated
inthe 1976 arcade game Blockade, and its simplicity has led to many
implementations. However, it was the 1990's when the game took on the look
that we will be using. It was sold under numerous names and many platforms
but probably gained widespread recognition when it was shipped as standard
on Nokia mobile phones in the late 1990' The first published Nokia, for
monochrome phones. It was programmed in 1997 by Taneli Armanto of Nokia
and introduced on the Nokia 6110,

The game involves controlling a single block or snakehead by turning only left
or right by ninety degrees until you manage to cut a block. When you get the
block, the Snake grows an extra block or body segment.

If, or rather when, the snake bumps into the edge of the screen or accidentally
casts himself the game is over. The more blocks the snake eats the higher the
score.

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2.2 MODULES

PyGame

Py game is a cross-platform set of python modules designed forwriting

video games.
It includes computer graphics and sound libraries designed to be usedwith the
Python Programming language.
• To install the library, you can use pip installer from the commandline:
pip install pygame
import pygame

Python time module

Python has a module named time to handle time-related tasks. To use

functions defined in the module, we need to import the module first. Here's
how:
import time

Python random module

Python has a built-in module that you can use to make random
numbers
import random

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 3. PROBLEM FORMULATION
3.1 DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM DOMAIN

The core focus of our project was to determine which algorithms would be more
effective in a hard real-time environment. The domainin this case is the Snake
Game, which will, in turn, attempt to identifyan, or even the, algorithm that can
not only play the game but compete with human players. The Snake Game is a
classic arcade style game where it is a single-player game but the focus is to
achievethe highest score possible thus competing with yourself and others.

To play the game one controls a snake by selecting one of the cardinal directions
that the snake will move in. In order to score points you must direct the snake to
an apple, there is only one apple in the game at time. The snake then eats the
apple and increases in length by one square or unit. The game ends when the
snake runs into either the boundaries of the play area or itself, the trailing snake
body. The domain provides a very interesting problem given that the snake always
moves after a given timing delay and the snake continually grows in size. The delay
is the feature that really makes the game difficult because if you do not react fast
enough the snake will continue moving in the last direction given. This causes the
player to try to act as quickly as possible before the snake runs into an obstacle.Also
because the snake is constantly trailed by its tail(being the main obstacle) any move
taken cannot be undone or immediately back tracked. So if you were to make a wrong
turn into a dead end there is no way to reverse that move to back out of the loop.

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3.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
The problem is to design a Snake Game which provides the following
functionalities :

1. Snakes can move in a given direction and when they eat thefood,
the length of the snake increases.

2. When the snake crosses itself, the game will be over.

3. Food will be generated at a given interval.

The main classes that can be used are :

1. Snake

2. Cell

3. Board

4. Game

3.3 OBJECTIVE

Snake game is one of the most popular arcade games of all time.
In this game, the main objective of the player is to catch the
maximum number of fruits without hitting the wall or itself.
Creating a snake game can be taken as a challenge while learning
Python or Pygame. It is one of the best beginner – friendly projectsthat
every novice programmer should take as a challenge.
Learning to build a video game is kinda interesting and fun learning.

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3.4 problem depiction

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 4. SYSTEM DESIGN

To create a Snake game that allows users to control the movement of a snake
on a screen, to get points for eating food and avoiding runninginto the walls or
the growing tail of the snake itself. In this problem, we want to write a game
where a graphical representation of a snake moves across the screen. When it
encounters a piece of food, the snake grows longer and we gain a point. If it
hits the wall we die.

To write this program we are going to need:

1. A way of representing the sake of representing the food.

2. A way to display the score,

3. A way for our instructions to reach the snake

4. A way to know when we've run into something and died

Our system is going to involve working with both hardware and software, and
so we will need to understand what we have available inhardware that can
assist us.

If we build our software so that the snake is controlled by directionalarrows on

the keyboard. Now that understand how our hardware will work in the design
of our system, let's move on to starting the designof our software system

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4.1 SOFTWARE DESIGN

• We are going to use an object-oriented approach and provide somedetail

here. We have to think about the Classes that we want to build,with the
associated variables and functions that will make sense for the development.
Let's start by looking at the snake itself, the hero of the game. The stake has a
location on the screen, and contains multiple visual elements, as it can grow,
and the snake's head is connected to the rest of the snake and the stake's
body follows it around the screen. If thesnake "eats" food, it grows. The snake
moves in a very precise way.Based on what the user types, the snake will
move in a given direction. Every time the snake moves, the head will go in the
new direction, and every piece of the snake will move up, by occupying the
space that was formerly occupied by the piece in front of it.
• To grow in size, the snake has to eat food. How can we show the snake
eating? The simplest answer is that if the head of the snake andthe food are in
the same place, we consider that the snake eats the food. This means that we
have to know where the food is. When it's eaten, it disappears, the snake grows,
and the food shows up somewhere else. But we also wanted to show a score,
so we need a variable to keep track of that as well. In this case, we'll create a
Scoreboard class where we can increase the counter value and displayit.

4.1 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Here are the requirements (functional requirements for how the snakemoves.

1. The snake must appear to move around the screen

2. The snake must turn in response to user input
3. The snake will increase in length if it eats food
4. The snake will die if it runs to the walls
5. The snake never stops moving

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4.2 NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

The primary features of IT projects involve implementing like an

application, a piece of infrastructure, a patch

In this specific context functional requirements tells us about what project

does when interacted, whereas non-functional requirements describe about
the bounds of performance should be:

I. Robustness:
Robustness is nothing but its ability to tolerate the effects of the system's
fictional body. And it can also be defined by its system’sability that it can
withstand change without transforming its initialstable configuration.

II. Reliability:
The system is trustworthy and it is consistently good in performance. It can
also be stated as the system performs the function without any failure under
certain conditions and specified period of time.

III. Availability:
The system is available 247, Availability and Reliability are directly proportional
as reliability increases availability also increases. The sercan have access to
the system all the time

IV. Reusability:
The system can be used any number of times by the specific user. Andthe
reusability is consistent, adaptable and stable

V. Effectiveness:
The algorithm is capable of producing desired results or it has theability to
provide better results.

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4.4 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION

4.2.1 SRS
Software Requirement Specification (SRS) is the starting point of the software
developing activity. As the system grew more complex it became evident that
the goal of the entire system cannot be easily comprehended. Hence the need
for the requirement phase arose. The software project is initiated by the client.
TheSRS is the means of translating the ideas of the minds of clients (the input)
intoa formal document (the output of the requirement phase) The SRS phase
consists of the activities.

4.2.2 Problem/Requirement Analysis.

The process is order and more nebulous of the two, deals with understanding
theproblem, the constraints.

4.4.3. Requirement Specification

Here, the focus is on specifying what has been found giving analysis such
asrepresentation ,specification languages and tools, and checking the
specifications are addressed during this

The Requirement phase terminates with the production of the validate SS

document. Producing the SRS document is the basic goal of this phase.

4.4.4. Role of SRS

The purpose of the Software Requirement Specification is to reduce the
communication gap between the clients and developers. Software
RequirementSpecification is the medium which makes sure which the client
and user needs are accurately specified. It forms the basis of software
development.

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 .4.5 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

Software Requirements

The development and deployment of the application requires the following

general and specific minimum requirements for software:

• Programming Language Translaties-Python 18

IDE-Jupyter Notebook Operating System used Windows 10.

Hardware Requirements

The development and deployment of the application requires the following

general and specific minimum requirements for hardware:

Processor-(32-bit or 64-bit) RAM (4 GB).

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 5. IMPLEMENTATION

5.1 PYTHON

Python is an object-oriented, high level language, interpreted,dynamic

and multipurpose programming language.

Python is easy to leam yet powerful and versatile scripting languagewhich

makes it attractive for Application Development.

Python's syntax and dynamic typing with its interpreted nature, make it an ideal
language for scripting and rapid application development inmany areas

Python supports multiple programming patterns, including object oriented

programming, imperative and functional programming or procedural styles
Python is not intended to work on special areas suchas web programming.
That is why it is known as multipurpose because it can be used with web,
enterprise, 3D CAD ere We don't need to use data types to declare variables
because it is dynamically typed so we can write a=10 to declare an integer
value in a variable.
Python makes the development and debugging fast because there is no
compilation step included in python development and the edit-test-debug cycle
is very fast.

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 Python Versions

Python programming language is being updated regularly with newfeatures

and support. There are a lot of updates in python versions, from 1994 to the
current date.
A list of python versions with its date is given below.

Python Version Release Date

Python 1.0 January 1994

Python 1.5 December 31, 1997
Python 1.6 September 5, 2000
Python 2.0 October 16, 2000
Python 2.1 April 17, 2001
Python 2.2 December 21, 2001
Python 2.3 July 29, 2005
Python 2.4 November 30, 2014
Python 2.5 September 19, 2006
Python 2.6 October 1, 2008
Python 2.7 July 3, 2010
Python 3.0 December 3, 2008
Python 3.1 June 27, 2009
Python 3.2 February 20, 2011
Python 3.3 September 29, 2012

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5.2 PY-GAME

Python is the most popular programming language or nothing wrongto say that
it is the next generation programming language.
In every emerging field in computer science, Python makes its presence actively
Python has vast libraries for various fields such as Machine Learning (Numpy,
Pandas, Matplotih), Artificial intelligence

(Pytorch, TensorFlow), and Game development

Game programming is very rewarding nowadays and it can also be used in advertising and as
a teaching tool too. Game development includes mathematics, logic, physics, AL, and much
more and it can be amazingly fine. In python, game programming is done in pygame and it is
one of the best modules for doing so

Pygame is a cross-platform set of Python modules which is used to create video games. It
consists of computer graphics and sound libraries designed to be used with the Python

programming language. Pygame was officially written by Pete Shinners to replace PySDL.
Pygame is suitable to create client-side applications that can be potentially wrapped in a
standalone executable.

Installing pygame:

The first thing you will need to do in order to create games using Pygame is to install it on your
systems. To do that, you can simply use the following command:

pip install pygame

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 5.3 FUNCTION DESCRIPTION

Once that is done, just import Pygame and start our game development. Before
moving on, take a look at the Pygame functionsthat have been used in this
Snake Game along with their descriptions.

Function Description

init() Initializes all of the imported Pygame modules(

returns a tuple indicating success and failure of
initializations)

display.set_model() Takes a tuple or a list us ats parameter to create

a surface (tuple preferred)

update() Updates the screen

quin() Used to un-initialize everything

set caption() Will set the caption test on the top of the display
screen.

event.get() Returns list of all events

Surface fill() Will fill the surface with a solid colortime

Clock() Helps truck time

font SysFont() Will create a Pygame font from the System font
resources

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 .

5.4 IMPLEMENTATION STEPS

1. Installing pygame

2. Create the screen

3. Create the Snake

4. Moving the Snake

5. Game over when snake hits the boundaries

6. Adding the Food

7. Increasing the length of the snake & Displaying the score

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5.5 WORKING ALGORITHM

Let's look at how a program to run the whole game might look.

1. Draw the playing area with bounding rectangle, set the counter tozero and
display I

2. Draw the snake in a starting position,

3. Draw the food in a starting location.

4. On user input, change snake direction.

5. Move the snake one move

6. If the snake is over food, eat it, increase the score, grow, move thefood.

7. else if the snake is over in a wall, die.

8. Go back to step 4

9. Until the snake die.

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 6. TESTING

6.1 SOFTWARE TESTING

Software testing is a critical element of software quality assurance and

represents the ultimate review of specification, design and code generation

6.1.1 Testing Objectives

• To ensure that during operation the system will perform as per

specification. TO make sure that system meets the user requirementsduring
operation
• To make sure that during the operation, incorrect input, processing and
output will be detected • To see that when correct inputs are fed tothe system
the outputs are correct
To verily that the controls incorporated in the same system as intended •
Testing is a process of executing a program with the intentof finding an error

• A good test case is one that has a high probability of finding an asyet
undiscovered

The software developed has been tested successfully using the following
testing strategies and any errors that are encountered are corrected and again
the part of the program or the procedure of function is put to testing until all the
errors are removed. A successfultest is one that uncovers an as yet
undiscovered error.

Note that the result of the system testing will prove that the system is working
correctly, It will give confidence to system designer, users ofthe system.

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 6.2 TEST CASE DESIGN

6.2.1 White Box Testing

White box testing is a testing case design method that uses the control structure
of the procedure design to derive test cases. All independent paths in a module
are exercised at least once. l logical decisions are exercised at once, execute all
loops at boundaries and within their operational bounds exercise internal data
structure to ensure their validity. Here the customer is given three chances to
enter a valid choice out of the given menu. After which the control exits the
currentmenu.

6.2.2 Black Box Testing

Black Box Testing attempts to find errors in following areas or categories,
incorrect or missing. functions interface error, errors in data structures,
performance error and initialization and terminationerror. Here all the input
data must match the data type to become a valid entry.

6.2.3 Unit Testing:

Unit testing is essentially for the verification of the code produced during the
coding phase and the goal is to test the internal logic of themodule program. In
the Genetic code project, the unit testing is done during the coding phase of data
entry forms whether the functions areworking properly or not. In this phase all
the drivers are tested whether they are rightly connected or not.

6.2.4 Integration Testing:

All the tested modules are combined into sub systems, which are thentested. The goal is to see
if the modules are properly integrated, and the emphasis being on the testing interfaces
between the modules. In the genetic code integration testing is done mainly on table creation
modules and insertion modules.

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6.2.5 Validation Testing :
This testing concentrates on confirming that the software is error-freein all
respects. All the specified validations are verified and the software is
subjected to hard core testing. It also aims at determiningthe degree of
deviation that exists in the software designed from the specification, they are
listed out and are corrected

6.2.6 System Testing :

This testing is a series of different tests whose primary is to fullyexercise the
computer-based system. This involves :

Implementing the system in a simulated production environment andtesting it.

Introducing errors and testing for error handling.

6.3 TEST CASES

How can we test a full Snake game and, assuming it passes that stage,

how can we playtest that? The functional requirements that we

developed turn, almost immediately.
To display the snake, the first thing we want to do is to make sure thatwe can
draw the snake and move it around on the screen. So our testing for correct
function will be

1. Can I display the snake's head on the screen?

2. Will it move around as I want it to using keyboard control?

3. Is it displaying correctly?

4. Is the body moving correctly?

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5. If we identify an error in the snake, because it's a Class, we will gointo the
Snake class and fix it there. However, because we've written the Food and
Scoreboard as separate classes, whatever we do in the Snake class
shouldn't break anything in there, unless we accidentally change the code
without noticing. The next step for the snake will be checking what happens
when the head is detectedas colliding with something. Does it grow when it
eats cat food? Does it die when it hits a wall or itself! We'd then continue to
test the program until we've tested all of the individual elements and their
interactions together.

6. One useful test case is to see if everything is being drawn whereyou

expect. Because we aren't.

7. Using all the screen, it's possible to draw the food or the snake sothat it
overlaps the black rectangle that's the boundary. Has the programmer put
the correct limits on the ranges where the snake and the food can
appear?

8. Testing the non-functional requirements often falls into the realmof

playability.
9. Many snake games increase the speed of the snake as it gets longer,
increasing the difficulty even further. This increased movement speed gives
a sense of urgency and can be a way to engage players with the snake. But
make it too fast and it becomes unplayable.

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6.4 OUTPUT:

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Fig : 6.3 IN GAME SCREENSHOTS

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7. CONTRIBUTION OFTHE PROJECT TO THE SOCIETY

● Snake is a classic game that requires players to assess their

surroundingsand find the quickest or safest route to a point. This is an
excellent opportunity to learn about spatial awareness and plan ahead
to your next move.

● The classic game is infamous for using your own success against you
when you become so long that you get in your own way. Whilst many
games and activities can teach your child about vital life skills, there
arenot many that would educate on long term strategic planning.

● As many parents will know, it can be extremely frustrating to reach

sucha high level and then lose as you crash into your own tail. The
game requires patience in order to grow and a cool head once you
inevitably lose. These are all valuable skills to learn early on in a child’s
life that will benefit them in later years.

● Snake is a tool that can be used as an educational helping hand. One of

the important parts of learning is that you will never get something right
the first time. Snake teaches children that practice makes perfect when it
comes to learning new skills.

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 8. LIMITATIONS

● The existing system only provides a text-based interface, which isnot as

user-friendly as Graphical user Interface.

● Since the system is implemented in Manual, the response is veryslow.

● The transactions are executed in off-line mode, hence on-line datacapture

and modification is not possible.

9. FUTURE SCOPE

In this project, I have used a simple application. This project will be able to

be implemented in future after making some changes and

modifications as I made this project at a low level. The

modifications that can be done in this project are:

1. It can be made with good graphics,

2. We can add more options like Top scores and Player Profile,

3. We can add multiplayer option

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 10. CONCLUSIONS

The project in python programming of Snake Game is a simple console

application with very simple graphics. In this project, youcan play the

popular "Snake Game" just like you played it elsewhere. You have to use

the up, down, right, or left arrows to move the snake.

Foods are provided at the several coordinates of the screen for the snake to

eat. Every time the snake eats the food. its length will be increased by one

element along with the score. • It isn't the world'sgreatest game, but it does

give you an idea of what you can achievewith relatively simple python

programming, and perhaps the basis by which to extend the principles and

create more interesting games on your own.

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 11. REFERENCES

https://learnopengl.com/In-Practice/2D-Game/Breakout

: https://gigi.nullneuron.net/gigilabs/how-to-make-a-snake-game-in-cpp/

https://www.codewithc.com/snake-game-in-c-console-project/

https://gamedevacademy.org/creating-a-snake-game-in-c-using-sfml/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ApSvqkhz7sA

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