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UNIT-1 CYBER SECURITY (BMC106)
MCA -1st Year
Introduction to Information System
• It is made up of two terms, namely, Information and System. Information can be
defined as a well-structured data with specific meaning, and a System is an
arrangement that takes input and provides output after completing the required
process. Thus information system is an arrangement that processes data and
provides meaningful information.
• An information system is a combination of hardware, software, data, people,
processes, networks that work together to collect, process, store, and distribute
information to support decision-making and achieve organizational goals.
• An Information System is a system that converts raw data into meaningful
information to support operations and management.
• An information system is defined as the software that helps organize and analyze
data.
• An information system (IS) is an interconnected set of components used to collect,
store, process and transmit data and digital information.
• An information system is a solution that helps gather, analyze, maintain,
and distribute data. It consists of hardware, software, and various networks.
Examples of Information System -
E-commerce sites, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), online banking systems,
Airline Reservation System, Social Media Platforms, Student Information system
etc.
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Components of Information System
An Information System has two components:-
1. System Resources
2. System Activities
Information System Resources
Those resources that comprise a system. An IS consists of five major resources :
People
Hardware
Software
Data
Network
Information
• People:
It refers to the human associated with an Information system.
The users of the system, who interact with it and provide
input and feedback.
• Hardware:
It is the part of a physical component of an information
system which we can touch. Physical devices like computers,
servers, and networking equipment.
• Software:
Refers to a set of programs and procedures of an IS. The
programs include OS and application software such as MS
office.
The programs and applications that process data and provide
functionality, such as databases and operating systems
• Data:
Raw facts that are processed into meaningful information.
Information systems work with data.
• Network:
A network in information systems is a collection of
interconnected computers, devices, and communication
technologies that allow users to exchange data, information,
and resources efficiently.
Information –
Information is processed, organized, or structured data that is
meaningful and useful for decision-making.
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Information System Activities
• Information System involve a set of components that belong to a
particular activity. These components are as follows:-
Input- It captures or collects raw data
from within the organization or from its external
environment. It Involves data entry activities such as
recording and editing. Generally data is entered into
computer system.
Data Storage- Involves maintaining and organizing records
such as details related to customers, employees and various
other parties. Data is stored in folders and hard disk.
Processing converts this raw input into a meaningful
form. It involves those activities that are performed to process
the data to produce information .Procedures and rules that
govern how data is collected, processed, and used. For
example – calculating, classifying and summarizing.
Output-It transfers the processed information to the people
who will use it or to the activities for which it will be used. It
involves communicating the processed information to the end
users. For example presenting sales performance of an
organization in the form of videos and reports.
Control and system maintenance- It refers to the feedback at
each activity level to maintain the standard of performance
and ensure the flexibility of a system.
