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Kverna

The document provides a comprehensive overview of chemistry, including its definition, branches, and fundamental concepts such as matter, atomic structure, and the periodic table. It outlines the states of matter, physical and chemical properties, types of chemical bonding, and various chemical reactions. This starter pack is designed for school-level chemistry notes, with the option to focus on specific topics if desired.

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gigilesna
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2 views6 pages

Kverna

The document provides a comprehensive overview of chemistry, including its definition, branches, and fundamental concepts such as matter, atomic structure, and the periodic table. It outlines the states of matter, physical and chemical properties, types of chemical bonding, and various chemical reactions. This starter pack is designed for school-level chemistry notes, with the option to focus on specific topics if desired.

Uploaded by

gigilesna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Kverna Got it 👍 I’ll put together class-style chemistry notes that you can use for

studying. Since chemistry is broad, I’ll make a general starter pack (good for
school-level notes). You can tell me if you want them focused on a specific topic (like
atoms, periodic table, bonding, organic chemistry, etc.).

📘 Chemistry Class Notes


1. Introduction to Chemistry

Definition: Chemistry is the study of matter, its properties, composition, and


the changes it undergoes.


Branches of Chemistry:


1.

Organic Chemistry → study of carbon compounds.

2.
3.

Inorganic Chemistry → study of metals, salts, and minerals.

4.
5.

Physical Chemistry → deals with energy changes and reaction rates.

6.
7.

Analytical Chemistry → methods to identify substances.

8.
9.

Biochemistry → chemistry of living organisms.

10.
2. Matter & Its States

Matter: Anything that has mass and occupies space.


States of Matter:


o

Solid → fixed shape and volume.

o
o

Liquid → fixed volume, no fixed shape.

o
o

Gas → neither fixed volume nor shape.

o
o

Plasma & BEC (advanced states).

o

Physical vs. Chemical Properties:

Physical: color, density, melting point, boiling point.

o
o

Chemical: flammability, reactivity with acids, rusting.

o
3. Atomic Structure

Atom: Basic unit of matter.


Subatomic Particles:

Proton → positive charge, inside nucleus.

o
o

Neutron → neutral, inside nucleus.

o
o

Electron → negative charge, orbits nucleus.

Atomic Number (Z) = number of protons.


Mass Number (A) = protons + neutrons.


Isotopes: Atoms of same element with different neutrons.

4. Periodic Table

Organized by increasing atomic number.


Groups (columns) → elements with similar properties.


Periods (rows) → elements with same number of electron shells.


Metals, Nonmetals, Metalloids classification.


Trends:

Atomic radius ↓ across a period, ↑ down a group.

o
o

Ionization energy ↑ across, ↓ down.

o
o

Electronegativity ↑ across, ↓ down.

5. Chemical Bonding

Ionic Bond → transfer of electrons (metal + nonmetal).


Covalent Bond → sharing of electrons (nonmetal + nonmetal).


Metallic Bond → “sea of electrons” in metals.


Polarity → unequal sharing of electrons → polar & nonpolar molecules.

6. Chemical Reactions

Types of Reactions:

1.

Combination (A + B → AB)

2.
3.

Decomposition (AB → A + B)

4.
5.

Displacement (A + BC → AC + B)

6.
7.

Double Displacement (AB + CD → AD + CB)

8.
9.

Combustion (fuel + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O + energy)


10.


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