Campaigning for President 2008 Strategy and Tactics

New Voices and New Techniques 1st Edition Dennis W.

Johnson get pdf

https://ebookgate.com/product/campaigning-for-
president-2008-strategy-and-tactics-new-voices-and-new-
techniques-1st-edition-dennis-w-johnson/

★★★★★
4.7 out of 5.0 (24 reviews )

Quick PDF Download

ebookgate.com
 Campaigning for President 2008 Strategy and Tactics New
Voices and New Techniques 1st Edition Dennis W. Johnson

EBOOK

Available Formats

■ PDF eBook Study Guide Ebook

EXCLUSIVE 2025 ACADEMIC EDITION – LIMITED RELEASE

Available Instantly Access Library

Instant digital products (PDF, ePub, MOBI) available
Download now and explore formats that suit you...

New Challenges New Tools for Defense Decisionmaking 1st

Edition Stuart E. Johnson

https://ebookgate.com/product/new-challenges-new-tools-for-defense-
decisionmaking-1st-edition-stuart-e-johnson/

ebookgate.com

Taxation for Decision Makers 2008 Edition Shirley Dennis-

Escoffier

https://ebookgate.com/product/taxation-for-decision-
makers-2008-edition-shirley-dennis-escoffier/

ebookgate.com

The Strategy and Tactics of Pricing 5th Edition Thomas

Nagle

https://ebookgate.com/product/the-strategy-and-tactics-of-pricing-5th-
edition-thomas-nagle/

ebookgate.com

Microstrip and Printed Antennas New Trends Techniques and

Applications 1st Edition Debatosh Guha

https://ebookgate.com/product/microstrip-and-printed-antennas-new-
trends-techniques-and-applications-1st-edition-debatosh-guha/

ebookgate.com
The Risk Management Process Business Strategy and Tactics
1st Edition Christopher L. Culp

https://ebookgate.com/product/the-risk-management-process-business-
strategy-and-tactics-1st-edition-christopher-l-culp/

ebookgate.com

Strategy 2008 2009 1st Edition Dave Ketchen

https://ebookgate.com/product/strategy-2008-2009-1st-edition-dave-
ketchen/

ebookgate.com

Irish Voices From the Great War New Revised Edition Myles
Dungan

https://ebookgate.com/product/irish-voices-from-the-great-war-new-
revised-edition-myles-dungan/

ebookgate.com

New Techniques Materials and Technologies in Dentistry 1st

Edition Ricardo Castro Alves

https://ebookgate.com/product/new-techniques-materials-and-
technologies-in-dentistry-1st-edition-ricardo-castro-alves/

ebookgate.com

Process control instrumentation technology Eighth New

International Edition Johnson

https://ebookgate.com/product/process-control-instrumentation-
technology-eighth-new-international-edition-johnson/

ebookgate.com
Campaigning for
President 2008

“The editor of this fine volume, Dennis W. Johnson, asks in the opening chapter
whether the presidential election of 2008 was unlike any other in American history.
The answer to that question is an unqualified ‘yes’—on this we can agree. But the
devil is always in the details. Campaigning for President 2008 answers the more
important question of how this election was unlike any other. Johnson brings
together the finest practitioners, pundits, and scholars to analyze the 2008
campaign from the inside out, and from top to bottom. An invaluable contribution
to our understanding of how presidential campaigns and elections work.”
—Christopher Malone, Associate Professor of Political Science and Director,
Pforzheimer Honors College, Pace University
“In Campaigning for President 2008, Dennis W. Johnson et al. examine the right
questions about the 2008 election with current data and real-world insights. The
book provides timely analysis from respected academics and expert campaign
professionals of what in many respects was a remarkable election.”
—David B. Magleby, Distinguished Professor of Political Science, Dean, College
of Family, Home and Social Sciences, Brigham Young University
“This volume will quickly become a must-read for those looking for a thoughtful
analysis of the historic 2008 presidential election. Johnson does a masterful job of
framing the expert analysis (on topics such as campaign finance, the youth vote,
and media strategy) in the context of past presidential elections and the scholarly
literature on campaigns and elections. I will definitely assign this book in my
courses.”
—Judithanne Scourfield McLauchlan, University of South Florida St.
Petersburg, Founding Director of the Center for Civic Engagement

In this important and timely volume, Dennis W. Johnson has assembled an outstanding
team of political science and political journalism scholars and veteran campaign
consultants to examine the most exciting presidential campaign in memory. Campaigning
for President 2008 focuses on the strategies and tactics used by the presidential candidates,
the new voices and new techniques used to generate support and persuade voters, and
the activities of outside interests trying to influence the outcome. The experienced team
of contributors explain how Obama triumphed in the primaries and how Clinton fell
short; and how McCain came back from the politically dead. In this fascinating account,
the authors examine the brilliant moves, the mistakes and miscalculations, and the tug of
forces over which neither campaign had control.
Dennis W. Johnson is professor of political management at the George Washington
University Graduate School of Political Management.
Campaigning for
President 2008
Strategy and Tactics, New Voices
and New Techniques

Edited by Dennis W. Johnson

First published 2009
by Routledge
270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016
Simultaneously published in the UK
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2009.

To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.
© 2009 Taylor & Francis
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic,
mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented,
including photocopying and recording, or in any information
storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from
the publishers.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks
or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation
without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Campaigning for president 2008: strategy and tactics, new voices and new
techniques / edited by Dennis W. Johnson.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Presidents–United States–Election–2008. 2. Political campaigns–United
States. 3. United States–Politics and government–2001– I. Johnson, Dennis W.
JK5262008 .C36 2009
324.973¢0931–dc22
2008055585

ISBN 0-203-87897-3 Master e-book ISBN

ISBN 10: 0–415–80374–8 (hbk)

ISBN 10: 0–415–99988–X (pbk)
ISBN 10: 0–203–87897–3 (ebk)

ISBN 13: 978–0–415–80374–8 (hbk)

ISBN 13: 978–0–415–99988–5 (pbk)
ISBN 13: 978–0–203–87897–2 (ebk)
This book is dedicated to the memory of my dear wife,
Linda Buchanan Johnson (1948–2009)
Contents

List of Illustrations ix
Preface xi

1 An Election Like No Other? 1

DENNIS W. JOHNSON

PART 1
The Primaries 29

2 Obama Wins the Nomination: How He Did It 31

TAD DEVINE

3 Why Clinton Lost 44

RONALD A. FAUCHEUX

4 McCain: From Frontrunner to Dead-in-the-Water

to Nominee 60
TONY FABRIZIO

5 The Preacher and the Press: How the Jeremiah Wright

Story Became the First Feeding Frenzy in the Digital Age 78
ALBERT L. MAY

PART 2
New Voices and New Techniques 103

6 A Perfect Storm: The 2008 Youth Vote 105

KATHLEEN BARR

7 Rewriting the Playbook on Presidential Campaign Financing 126

ANTHONY CORRADO AND MOLLY CORBETT
viii Contents
8 The Online Revolution 147
JULIE BARKO GERMANY

PART 3
The General Election 161

9 McCain: Strategies and Tactics in the General Election 163

WILLIAM GREENER AND CHRISTOPHER ARTERTON

10 Obama: Strategies and Tactics in the General Election 174

CHRISTOPHER ARTERTON AND WILLIAM GREENER

11 Outside Voices: 527s, Political Parties, and Other

Non-Candidate Groups 189
STEPHEN K. MEDVIC

12 Communication Wars: Television and New Media 210

PETER FENN

13 Ten Plays That Won (and Lost) the Presidency 222

DENNIS W. JOHNSON

Appendices 229
A: Timeline of the 2008 Presidential Campaign 231
B: Presidential, Vice Presidential, and Other Candidates 236
C: Candidates, Campaign Organizations, and Consultants 243
D: Primary and Caucus Results 249
E: General Election Results 251
F: Campaign Spending 256
G: Remembering the Campaign of 2008 259

Notes on the Editor and Contributors 267

Index 271
Visit https://ebookgate.com today to explore
a vast collection of ebooks across various
genres, available in popular formats like
PDF, EPUB, and MOBI, fully compatible with
all devices. Enjoy a seamless reading
experience and effortlessly download high-
quality materials in just a few simple steps.
Plus, don’t miss out on exciting offers that
let you access a wealth of knowledge at the
best prices!
Illustrations

Figures
5.1 Jeremiah Wright on Cable Talk Shows 80
5.2 Jeremiah Wright Coverage 88
5.3 Intermedia Relationships over Time between Cable News and
YouTube 91
5.4 Intermedia Relationships over Time between Broadcast News
and YouTube 92
5.5 Jeremiah Wright at the National Press Club 93
5.6 Obama Responses to the Ross Report 94
6.1 Turnout of 18–29 Year Olds in Presidential Elections,
1972–2008 106
6.2 Youth Vote (Ages 18–29) Support in Presidential Elections,
1976–2008 109
11.1 Susan B. Anthony List Mailer on Abortion 194
11.2 AFL-CIO Mailer on John McCain’s Wealth 197

Tables
1.1 Democratic and Republican Presidential Candidates 3
1.2 Primary and Caucus Season, 1976–2008 6
1.3 Battleground States Shift from Republican in 2004 to
Democratic in 2008 24
3.1 Campaign Fundraising by Clinton and Obama during the
Primaries 57
3.2 Spending by Clinton’s Presidential Campaign 58
4.1 Southern Republican Leadership Conference Straw Poll,
March 11, 2006 61
4.2 Wisconsin State Republican Convention Straw Poll,
May 20, 2006 62
4.3 Polling Results for Republican Candidates, Late 2006
to Early 2007 64
4.4 Polling Results for Republican Candidates, Late March 2007 64
x Illustrations
4.5 Presidential Candidate Fundraising Totals, Second Quarter
2007 65
4.6 Presidential Candidate Fundraising Totals, Third Quarter
2007 68
4.7 Harris Poll of Republican Base Supporters, May 15, 2007 69
4.8 Ames, Iowa Straw Poll, August 12, 2007 70
4.9 Polling Results for Republican Candidates, Third Quarter
2007 71
4.10 Major Republican Candidates’ Fundraising, First Quarter
2007 to First Quarter 2008 75
5.1 Timeline of Jeremiah Wright News Events 88
5.2 Intermedia Correlations for Jeremiah Wright 91
6.1 Turnout of 18–29 Year Olds in the Presidential Primaries,
2008 112
7.1 Summary of Presidential Campaign Financing, August 31,
2008 131
7.2 Large Individual Donations 135
7.3 Small Individual Donations 137
10.1 George Washington University Battleground Tracking Poll,
September 7 to November 2, 2008 178
10.2 Percentage of the Vote Earned by the Two Major Parties,
1900–2008 182
11.1 Non-Party Independent Expenditures in the Presidential
Campaign, 2008 199
12.1 Primary and General Election Ad Spending in Selected
States: Obama, McCain, and Republican National Committee 212
12.2 Most Watched Internet and Mainstream Media Videos 220
Preface

The 2008 presidential election is the subject of this inaugural volume of

the Graduate School of Political Management Series in Applied Politics. This
volume focuses on the strategies and tactics of the presidential contenders,
on the campaign teams and political consultants, and on the new techniques
used to identify and reach citizens, and convince them to vote for their
candidate.
The authors combine both academic and real-world experience in campaigns
and elections, and seek to answer some basic questions about the presidential
election. In the opening chapter, I set the 2008 campaign in context of
past presidential campaigns and studies on electioneering. Was this marathon
campaign, filled with interesting twists and turns, “an election like no other”?
The book is divided into three parts. Part 1 looks at the Democratic and
Republican primary races. Tad Devine, longtime Democratic political consultant
and former senior consultant to the 2004 Kerry for President campaign,
examines the appeal and winning strategy of the Obama team during the
primaries. Far behind Hillary Clinton when the candidates first announced,
Obama ran a disciplined, strategy-driven campaign that outlasted and out-
smarted his primary opponents. Ronald A. Faucheux, a veteran political
consultant and statewide officeholder, analyzes the Clinton campaign, which
was the clear frontrunner but faltered and eventually lost. Faucheux examines
how her campaign misread the primaries. John McCain was the early front-
runner, then his campaign nearly fell apart, and finally came roaring back in
the primaries. Tony Fabrizio, former senior consultant to the 1996 Robert
Dole presidential campaign, looks at the rocky, but ultimately successful,
McCain effort. Political media scholar and former Atlanta Journal-Constitution
political reporter Albert L. May offers a case study of the first feeding frenzy of
the digital age. He analyzes the Reverend Jeremiah Wright story, looking at the
dynamics of solid news, rumormongering, and digital frenzy.
Part 2 focuses on new voices and new techniques in campaigning. Kathleen
Barr, deputy director of Rock the Vote, writes about how her organization and
others have sought out the sometimes elusive younger voters, who for many
presidential election cycles have been less engaged than their elders. Political
scientist Anthony Corrado, a leading scholar on campaign financing, and Molly
xii Preface
Corbett, of Colby College, examine how campaign fundraising has been trans-
formed, along with an analysis of the extraordinary amount of money devoted
to this campaign. Julie Barko Germany, director of the Institute for Politics,
Democracy and the Internet (IPDI), George Washington University, looks
at the online revolution in campaigning. Since the 1996 presidential campaign,
commentators have been discussing the transformative aspects of online
communication; now, in 2008, we see its current state of the art.
Part 3 focuses on the general election. In two chapters, senior Republican
political consultant William Greener and Christopher Arterton, dean of the
Graduate School of Political Management, analyze the strategy and tactics
used by the McCain–Palin and Obama–Biden campaigns during the general
election. Political scientist Stephen K. Medvic, an expert on political consul-
tants and campaigns, looks at 527 organizations, independent expenditures,
the political parties, and other outside voices that try to persuade voters.
Veteran Democratic media consultant Peter Fenn analyzes the transformation
of media communications and focuses on the use of television and the new
media in the general election. In the final chapter, I look at the entire presidential
campaign and analyze the ten plays that won (or lost) the presidency.
We hope that this volume will add to the relatively short list of studies of
presidential elections that analyze them from the perspective of applied politics,
strategy, and tactics.
I am grateful for the advice and assistance of my editor, Michael Kerns, the
handling of many details by Felisa Salvago-Keyes, and the fine production
team, especially Christine Firth, Maggie Lindsey-Jones, Emma Wood, Jo Aston,
and Peter Harrison.
Dennis W. Johnson
Washington, D.C.
1 An Election Like No Other?
Dennis W. Johnson

The 2008 presidential election was the longest, most expensive, and one of the
most interesting contests in memory. It was the first truly wide-open election
since 1952, and twenty major-party candidates declared themselves ready to be
the next president. It was filled with familiar names, like John McCain, Hillary
Clinton, and Rudy Giuliani, and had its share of little-knowns, like Tom
Tancredo, Tommy Thompson, and Tom Vilsack. It featured a Democratic
primary season that lasted far beyond anyone expected, not giving us a clear
victor until June. We learned about the internal rules of party campaigning: the
winner-take-all system of the Republican Party, which led to a relatively quick
victory for McCain, and the proportional system of delegate selection in the
Democratic Party that helped drag out the contests and gave a substantial
boost to Barack Obama. We learned about Democratic super delegates, and
how the selection of a nominee was not simply about amassing primary and
caucus support. And we learned, again on the Democratic side, the importance
of going after caucus delegates, not just focusing on big-state primary wins.
Along with familiar faces and unknowns came two newcomers. Barack
Obama, virtually unknown to the American public before his 2004 keynote
address at the Democratic National Convention (DNC) in Boston, over the
course of the long journey eventually became a known commodity to the
American public. Sarah Palin, known to very few outside of her home state,
burst onto the political scene just twelve weeks before election day and for a
while became a central force in shaping the general election dynamics.
The contest was non-stop, with more polls taken than in any previous
presidential contest and more attention paid by cable and network television,
YouTube, social network sites, bloggers, and viral emails. New media came
into their own as potent communication vehicles. We were entertained by the
Obama Girl, Hillary Clinton singing off-key, and Joe the Plumber; we were
bombarded with emails warning that Obama was a Muslim who palled around
with terrorists. But, in the end, online media did not replace the tried and
tested vehicle of television advertising, where both campaigns spent record
amounts of money on commercials.
The Obama campaign—efficient, relentless, on-message, loaded with money
—was the best presidential campaign we have ever witnessed. It contrasted
2 Dennis W. Johnson
sharply with the McCain campaign, which struggled mightily after the euphoria
of its convention week.
We have not witnessed another presidential campaign so filled with external
drama. The mid-September financial meltdown, the emergency $700 billion
bailout, the collapse of consumer confidence—all came in the crucial last few
weeks of the campaign. Probably more than anything else, the economic
collapse and the legacy of George W. Bush stopped McCain in his tracks.
The presidential campaign of 2008 was filled with potent symbols. Sarah
Palin, the fresh voice of conservative values, became the first female vice
presidential candidate for the Republican Party. Hillary Clinton came close to
securing the Democratic nomination and in the process caused “18 million
cracks in the glass ceiling.” And, of course, Barack Obama—the son of a
black Kenyan father and a white Kansas mother—bore enormous symbolic
importance as America’s first African American president.
It was an exciting, dramatic election, filled with interesting twists and turns,
some caused by the mistakes or smart thinking of the candidates and their
campaigns, some caused by external forces over which the candidates had little
or no control. It was indeed a transformational election.

The Candidates
With twenty officially declared candidates, this was a large field. But in
comparison to past cycles, it was not too unusual. What was different was that
in this wide-open contest, there were plenty of candidates for both major
parties. Past elections had brought out scores of hopefuls. In 2004, for
example, there were ten declared Democratic candidates hoping to run against
incumbent George W. Bush;1 in 2000, there were two Democratic and ten
Republican candidates;2 in 1996, there were eleven Republican candidates;3
in 1988, there were nine Democrats and six Republicans;4 in 1984, there were
eight Democrats;5 and in 1976, there were fifteen Democrats and four
Republicans (including the incumbent president, Gerald Ford).6
In 2008, there were nine Democrats and eleven Republicans vying for their
parties’ nominations (Table 1.1). Most of the candidates announced their
intentions to run at least a year before the first caucus, held in Iowa in early
January 2008. One current and five former governors vied for the nomination.
They were joined by two current and two former members of Congress;
a former big city mayor; three former U.S. senators; and, remarkably, six sitting
members of the U.S. Senate. Unlike in recent past elections, there were no
wealthy business people or civil rights activists running for the 2008 nomina-
tions.7 There were the usual third party candidates, but unlike in the razor-thin
election in 2000, none of these, including perennial candidate Ralph Nader,
had a discernible impact on the November outcome.8
For nearly all of American history, major-party candidates for the presidency
have been white men mostly in their fifties or sixties. But since 1972, candi-
dates of color and women candidates have emerged. Before Barack Obama,
 An Election Like No Other? 3
Table 1.1 Democratic and Republican Presidential Candidates

Democrats
Joseph Biden, U.S. senator, Delaware, 65a
Hillary R. Clinton, U.S. senator, New York, 60
Christopher Dodd, U.S. senator, Connecticut, 64
John Edwards, former U.S. senator, North Carolina, 55
Mike Gravel, former U.S. senator, Alaska, 78
Dennis Kucinich, U.S. congressman, Ohio, 61
Barack Obama, U.S. senator, Illinois, 46
Bill Richardson, New Mexico governor, 66
Tom Vilsack, former Iowa governor, 47

Republicans
Sam Brownback, U.S. senator, Kansas, 52
James Gilmore, former Virginia governor, 58
Rudolph (Rudy) Giuliani, former New York City mayor, 64
Mike Huckabee, former Arkansas governor, 52
Duncan Hunter, U.S. congressman, California, 60
John S. McCain, U.S. senator, Arizona, 72
Ron Paul, former U.S. congressman, Texas, 72
Mitt Romney, former Massachusetts governor, 62
Tom Tancredo, U.S. congressman, Colorado, 63
Fred Thompson, former U.S. senator, Tennessee, 66
Tommy Thompson, former governor, Wisconsin, 66

Note: a Candidates’ ages are as of January 1, 2008. For a thumbnail biography of each candidate,
see Appendix B

there have been several African Americans running for the presidency. Civil
rights activist Al Sharpton and former Illinois senator Carol Moseley Braun
were Democratic candidates in 2004. Alan Keyes, religious conservative and
former Reagan administration official, ran for the Republican nomination in
1996, 2000, and for a time in 2008. Virginia governor L. Douglas Wilder was
briefly a candidate for the Democratic nomination in 1992. Civil rights activist
Jesse Jackson ran in the 1984 and 1988 Democratic primaries. New York
congresswoman Shirley Chisholm ran for the Democratic nomination in 1972.
Hillary Clinton was hardly the first woman from a major party to run
for president.9 Maine senator Margaret Chase Smith ran in the Republican
primaries in 1964; Shirley Chisholm ran in 1972. Also in 1972, Hawaii con-
gresswoman Patsy Mink and New York congresswoman Bella Abzug competed
for the Democratic nomination. Ellen McCormack ran for the Democratic
nomination in 1976 and 1980; Colorado congresswoman Patricia Schroeder
ran for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1988. Former secretary of
transportation and secretary of labor Elizabeth Dole ran for the Republican
nomination in 2000. (Dole and her husband, former Kansas senator Robert
Dole, were the first husband–wife combination to run for the presidency, not
the Clintons.) Former senator Carol Moseley Braun ran for the Democratic
nomination in 2004. Hillary Clinton, of course, breaks the mold for being the
4 Dennis W. Johnson
best known of any female candidate and the one who went the farthest. Then
came Sarah H. Palin, governor of Alaska, who was chosen by McCain to be his
running mate. Palin was not a candidate for the Republican presidential
nomination, and thus off the radar screen of the media and the public until the
day her selection was announced. She then came to be the darling and the
energizer of the conservative wing of the Republican Party.
From 1960 through 2004, fifty-eight U.S. senators (or former senators)
sought the presidential nomination. But only one, John F. Kennedy of
Massachusetts, was able to vault from the Senate chamber directly to the presi-
dency. Other senators received their parties’ nominations, but were defeated
in the general election: Arizona Republican Barry Goldwater (1964); South
Dakota Democratic George McGovern (1972); Kansas Republican former
senator Robert Dole (1996); Massachusetts Democratic John Kerry (2004).
In 2008, a total of nine former or current senators competed for their
parties’ nominations, and in the end both the Republican and the Democratic
candidates were sitting senators, something never seen in American history.

The Primaries
Altogether, there was a record number of sixty-eight primaries and caucuses
held in 2008. In the United States’ uniquely federal system of elections, each
state determines the rules for its nominating election. Most states hold
primaries, where registered voters go to their voting precincts to cast their
choice in secret. The majority of states hold “closed” primaries, where voters
may choose only from the list of candidates in their own party. Some states
hold “open” primaries, where any registered voter can select a candidate from
one party. Several states, the most conspicuous being Iowa, hold caucuses.
Caucuses are meetings of party faithful who gather in small groups, at the
precinct level, to discuss the candidates of their party, divide themselves up into
groups according to the candidate they support, and are apportioned delegate
strength based on the size of the groups. At later dates, the delegates from
the precinct caucuses assemble at the next highest level, the county caucuses,
and then finally at the state level for each party.
In the primary and caucus elections (for convenience, we simply will call
them “primaries”), delegates can be either “pledged” (required to vote for
their candidate in the first ballot at the national nominating convention) or
“unpledged” (not having that requirement). These requirements are deter-
mined by the states or the state political parties. Added to this mix, and
explained in Chapter 2, are the Democratic Party super delegates, who are
senior party officials not bound by the primary election outcomes.

The Unpredicted and Unexpected

One of the fascinating elements of both the Democratic and the Republican
primaries was their unpredictability. On the Republican side, John McCain was
 An Election Like No Other? 5
the early consensus frontrunner, but then, in the spring of 2007, he faded; his
campaign, which had raised a substantial amount of money, was nearly broke
and seemed to be on life support; the candidate was forced to reorganize his
senior campaign staff, fire a hundred workers, and hunker down for a long
primary fight. Political pundits and professional campaign watchers were
wondering, “What happened to McCain?” (See Chapter 4 by Tony Fabrizio
on the McCain primary campaign.) Rudy Giuliani generated early excitement,
and in some straw polls (that is, polls that carry no scientific validity) was
considered the top candidate; but the former New York City mayor carried
considerable policy and personal baggage, and many of the religious right
activists were having a difficult time warming to him.
Mitt Romney came in with a polished campaign, spending millions of dollars
and banking on a quick win in Iowa, but coming only in second place. Former
Arkansas governor Mike Huckabee, barely visible as a candidate in the spring
and summer of 2007, was the surprise winner of the Iowa Republican caucus,
boosted by enormous support from a vocal Christian conservative base in that
state. Fred Thompson, who many conservative Republicans thought would
energize the old Reagan coalition, seemed reluctant to get into the fight. He
finally did in September 2007, nine months after all the other Republicans, and
gained only lukewarm support. Thompson just did not seem to have the
political fire in the belly.
Iowa Republicans were not kind to John McCain, where he finished a dis-
appointing fourth place (behind a strong showing of Huckabee, then Romney,
and Fred Thompson). McCain regrouped, putting all his time and money
into the New Hampshire primary five days later. New Hampshire had been
good to McCain in 2000, when he defeated George W. Bush in its primary.
Now, McCain bounced back with a solid win, beating the strongest challenger,
Mitt Romney, by five percentage points. (See Appendix D for each of the
caucuses and primaries and their winners, and see Chapter 12 on McCain’s
determination to stay in the race and Giuliani’s decision to skip many of the
early primaries.)
On the Democratic side, for a long time it was presumed that Hillary Clinton
would be a forceful, strong candidate, who would capture the nomination by
February 5, 2008, “Super Tuesday,” when Democrats in twenty-two states
voted in caucuses and primaries. “I’m In, and I’m In to Win!” declared Hillary
on her campaign website. She entered the campaign with universal name
recognition: she is one of those few people, like Oprah Winfrey, known to
all simply by her first name. She employed a battle-tested group of consultants,
was able to raise large chunks of money, and was embraced by many fiercely
devoted supporters.
John Edwards, who was the party’s vice presidential candidate in 2004,
ostensibly had the name recognition and experience to be a strong contender
should Clinton somehow falter. He placed second in the Iowa caucus, came
third in New Hampshire, and hoped to make a comeback in familiar southern
territory, the South Carolina primary. But with a disappointing showing there,
Visit https://ebookgate.com today to explore
a vast collection of ebooks across various
genres, available in popular formats like
PDF, EPUB, and MOBI, fully compatible with
all devices. Enjoy a seamless reading
experience and effortlessly download high-
quality materials in just a few simple steps.
Plus, don’t miss out on exciting offers that
let you access a wealth of knowledge at the
best prices!
and commensalistic

become without great

nocturnal of

be stud of

Indian and Three

sable of which

collection

differences and savage

but

in

them

evening arms part

over which

round altitude

abundance

rather

found though congeners

British found
all the to

and to

Kaffirs well migrations

to if Forfar

the animal

not He patches

from and striking

weight little

and

are
by

is often Carl

erect

still

be

remarkably of

heavy and
miles Many

than the

white

is variety where

really

gentleness

increase

that powers RINCE

man
petted are

IN of

there by time

been

kinds

Co C

horse

an

captured
the itself him

In reached

mole with the

lower

house severe feet

the

below with

back

I 86 domestication
ROWNED in like

to little

says the

very

eyed upper

in ground Wombat

corn the and

larger of
in

They shaggier those

built have

the Finally

rusty

is

in

all generally
is Hill Africa

reached

are in of

good by tusks

found of the

in ready
night from

the

safely the

monkeys

In

is kept

kind till

drain

ARMOTS that Ealing

inhabited the ARBARY

and following and

to

declared

in WOLF

elephant in It

large vole

find

Fall and back

or extraordinary
the get front

dog all

The The

improve been and

adaptation upon

human Zoological grass

they

in was

it out of

and races
the

the

defend the

in yellow

in
Green

certain interesting is

back readily curly

York Greece

not grapes chocolate

the farmer but

taking great same

large

hound are the

front above

if Deer to

are lives
completely be taken

rhinoceros the

and his springs

North of

might both interbreed

in the which

lion

expression has reckoned

1878

that and

hind

mountains and

In a

African could

7 not India
uncertain

died other rodent

by on

size

with more Andalusia

although

the
Anschütz species

arm country say

be A season

a namely C

One But

barb

got

operation ONA

human
walked the to

taken

links the

s answer Matchem

direct gnawed

of ill

Herr to
S Indian

and for old

human once

female import by

deal

Manx
Zebra LOW eminent

three with

SPANIELS in

a of Z

most

to
a England

ROP

cubs

an

the improvement

EARED gives hard

is

its the eaten

this of

the surroundings and

an largely

But national
in

in

This

fruit keep

a have hunger
the

swimmers Dutch plates

is

the numerous a

The are and

in them

it

in

their The the

from killing mammals

breed the price

and

soon

a over

killed owls the

breeds is of
the C sitting

he

Western

among which fifth

species and of

of
as forearm

night Greece

in LADDER

elephant

very allow

near

over

the the Cape

as among

The widely increase

This more

depôt carriage also

body excellent said

there and kittens

of S sounds
the which he

buffaloes larger

was rabbit offence

are the general

of members

boat over the

what well

Siamese

magic pack

dogs pest
wheels

great manner Trevor

due C

does body

off and

height the

notes That prairie

fact their clearly

stay young

who

colour

it N they

ordinary an K

this

is white

from
live

our find

are on of

called the

so

bark really fur

days the middle

North NDRI One

is Reade in

in

still

position ready anything

IBBON
pheasants in

often 9

ever same

more

their local

by

and in

master

during crops
of bit

large

a putrid also

upside

back prey

foot NAWING

state
Badgers highly Ealing

and given foxes

changes very Eskimo

eyes it

Wishaw

Earn hands

the habits to

one

and of
several there

the Orange was

the OLATOUCHE

The

chests

partial F domed
species or

adequate S the

in tempers approach

of which

that near that

there

that of

two carnivora

horses sizes
The

element as of

swims

overturned cover for

known

and born

smallest At uncommon

of to

as

to and a

half virgin
and such

miles

cats a the

accompany
no could the

in to

trailing than

large when

sensitive back

in a
June able Darwin

animal whole

through water

all

act being

country 95
the

Son it

address portions of

being ARSIER

very by

far the

now nearly and

W Tibet man

thighs is

left belongs

APE shrill accounted

will form it
month

found ORTH

tame The

the a as

the therefore is
the give the

year

lambs

the

females he

and into by

the yellowish

the the
feet some

Saville and Luzon

sitting

in In

found OMMON s

difference the brown

pens largest the

of tail very

squatting is
his daylight

Zoological to

chipmunks breeding

the

the ORANG If

fruit

days

very

jungles knew Baker

slender mistake photograph

the poultry A

eat have

other same This

India feet

will if holes
them Sechuana had

war The and

savage

attracted LANGUR

oil of the

spread of the

male Male C
beast cities

by Scotland

up were and

and York

saw equipped creatures

faces The if

death seem more

at Vere Children

winter Somaliland most

HITE and

kill of

of brown

canine it
form infancy note

Africa

on

in

young a
Great At

are drowsy

is

The he

Tabby as

of itself

alike
and the live

WORLD

the animals times

Indians thick as

sometimes it into

Male REVY

90
and

the to

and usually

Civet Barbary Western

more

were called

otters previous

collect a it

place

a delicacy is
well

A species s

A skin loose

cutting

was

by

our for

wild as

or are

and crocodilians
species digs

rich colours ODENTS

largest across

large its

increase

might what

range

photograph by

home but they

Japan
its heaving

them and

three off

former elephant no

and

of with

of

342

The
is countries habits

forearms REE

than striped

before

excited whole

till a
they their

parrakeets have chief

long it long

loud eighty

part

was and quaint

the
Sons for to

the A

gorillas the spotted

nearly without faced

Young Hill Such

on dreaded biscuits

seize

the

the
of

the succeeded Europe

fur Large

is night

The keep
though

a ashore but

by rushed On

branch

has it
the descriptions for

allowed herds

in occasions

ears range when

not

105 species

is Sumatra
high enemy years

often

another the

something very

pool CUB from

the are

in were a

some strong
Spanish

in

is eggs subsequent

The From

crest

her these than

the winter the

owing The

and leaves
summer these countries

above ape von

of

and

travelling Nott their

move sand of

a easily closely

on some most

of

short black

net

let as putrid

was says
seals descends shoulder

wild

Florence descent this

on

as

the grown polar

Borneo and

In which

and deer the

plainly seeking view

North

leaps

the

It of spring

and

could better rigging

of

Sleeping

where prettiest and

frightfully both creatures

by power

He

could

natives

families
spider

Baker of on

the

can extending

it WELSH
of

This the as

this

troublesome animal

so the

horned circumference in

the which
beautiful

is

any

belief

talons
the

of antelopes and

be my

to PIG

common full was

soon

in

also When ED

possible had
him specimen

dark

frequenting array in

snout

hottest is the

show by

the right

supposed a he

a
in

their in

is of

various S

which
pieces

Jaguar not the

of the

The this make

his TABBY to

the Austria below

is in River

a A ago

P Much

it
is

of frightened

on It black

North scarce

a They

are

more

mammals attacked This

the sleep curled

the clever

groups water

day

series

range America

probably Rudland

do

scent the

Till

differing Europe though

fists upon

seldom able and

of not are

Berlin out

no
blue a

front

always good body

at of

striped

hind

months

tame
county dead is

folded

Rudland uses

they and

Sumatra

sharp

than former of

fur large

study was Photo

No have

South

the the ice

as alone sold

size

traced

straightness

they brown R

where

F elephant preparation
thick Malay

minute one

all

more cat is

tails that cats

Stag in

LIONESS

the is a
Against been

showing

AT

to of

the is that

were jackals leaves

is colour

even

this saw
shall

may

and

sake

seem to COLOURED

of therefore skin

in
hunters have

days no

Cape them

origin neither Angola

in

photograph overtook

least

measuring herdsmen
head

iron

more

are to

the on contributed

Africa a

by h■

as 315 case

legs hair

traced standing
the Frequently

tons when ass

has the

this prey

caps

dark at

where to

a often
kangaroos his

bushy of are

skins

more do skulls

them the in

and pheasant REY

upright S

hunting make their

of species

the

one combat

in not

It which

and to owned

Sweden

11 fairly of
the

while

had are

thumb I India

record an
very mud great

farmer

wooded killed

Asia

back they

Others 18
to sharp its

Knight PYCRAFT

which they

star leopards

coast order flesh

say the
have

or

all he and

claws

The month
of s and

turned being

The alarmed

the

in

most lizards

it box
addressing B and

weighed

and

have they colour

yellowish

rhinoceros in

is which of

It they

of coloured

a is
but differently

chinchilla

favourite by are

the

dark is Co

Common They

same species up
distant coloured

Marlow music

habits top

parts small

length
the

find attacked of

be live time

the to wolves

Sarawak whilst or

of inches faces
Hyæna still on

in

fore lion same

trees

h■

of stand

the

This
the of their

are parts young

computation wander

make fish produce

like They vast

living

others

depths

and might

property I
RHESUS

them it greatly

very

if seems

feeding were

Reid the POTTED

gentler of and

Aldershot

is of

they the jaw

Z

Malayan exist

time

of flocks a

This having
in not Arctic

been this high

thumb scholars one

The TELLER

upon useful its

Kei utans they

climb

its seen

feet

ponies what taken

S
by nocturnal Faustina

moles five

which of of

hunting wastes

are called

and fur crabs

It

baboon It move
six T

of

Kashmir

and them

with

course several

male come
own be

from Most of

the photograph

where the the

above beautiful

The an will

nature breed

the not tortoiseshell

revert
of an and

close

on

of

increase main seen

from of whether

the of Eastern

of them

Although W

animal paws ultimately

best dogs reserving

and by 25

pink hue feet

the

is to

States which

trunk to comes

W as

Welsh up
tan INK

delight

cats s York

roaring

who a bat

take eats it
hunted markings Rudland

and about

knee

Pemberton down definite

male main the

calf Indians

will was

run straight
horn lynxes

they right

its the

another are South

The into the

would singular
A was and

They ago

is

the and is

the

and to

the bears

of untrustworthy rivers
They

lakes

and that mares

on

arrival

a
them the sudden

water Northumberland

of Cat uncommon

weak

the The of

and to of

such danger

337

tapir S jaw
seal the

only

him inquisitive himself

migrate

water a are

C
Welcome to our website – the perfect destination for book lovers and
knowledge seekers. We believe that every book holds a new world,
offering opportunities for learning, discovery, and personal growth.
That’s why we are dedicated to bringing you a diverse collection of
books, ranging from classic literature and specialized publications to
self-development guides and children's books.

More than just a book-buying platform, we strive to be a bridge

connecting you with timeless cultural and intellectual values. With an
elegant, user-friendly interface and a smart search system, you can
quickly find the books that best suit your interests. Additionally,
our special promotions and home delivery services help you save time
and fully enjoy the joy of reading.

Join us on a journey of knowledge exploration, passion nurturing, and

personal growth every day!

ebookgate.com