“Backbone of economic development” 3 marker probably -
- Modernising agriculture
- Reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs
in secondary and tertiary sectors.
- Eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country, employment opportunities
in tribal/backward areas
- Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed
foreign exchange
“Agriculture & industry move hand in hand”
- Agro provides tools like irrigation pumps, fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides, plastic and
PVC pipes (any 3 should be fine) to farmers
- U can also mention how JOB CREATION happens again ->
On the basis of ownership: (Just read this 2/ 3 times, don't mug. They’ve never asked a q on
this acc to pyqs but mcq can come. Know the differences)
• Public sector, owned and operated by government agencies – BHEL, SAIL etc.
• Private sector industries owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals –TISCO,
Bajaj Auto Ltd., Dabur Industries.
• Joint sector industries which are jointly run by the state and individuals or a group of
individuals. Oil India Ltd. (OIL) is jointly owned by public and private sector.
• Cooperative sector industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw
materials, workers or both. They pool in the resources and share the profits or losses
proportionately. Such examples are the sugar industry in Maharashtra, the coir industry in
Kerala
Also know what is a SMALL SCALE and LARGE SCALE industry -
Also small scale means less employee large scale means more employees
AGRO BASED INDUSTRIES
● TEXTILE
Literally only learn this. This q was asked in 2023, 2021 and 2020 or smth basically it
came 3 times but it didn't come in 2024 so HIGH !!! chance of it coming for you)
COTTON TEXTILES (q has never come from here ever at all, j
read this few times)
- Ancient India: Cotton textiles made by hand.
- British came with power looms and this hurt local industries.
- Main Centers: Maharashtra & Gujarat (due to cotton, transport, labor, climate).
- Impact: Supports farmers, weavers, and related industries (dyeing, packaging, etc.).
- Spinning: Centralized in HOME STATE !!!! Maharashtra && GANDHI FAM - GUJARAT (this
is how i mugged it last year lmao)
- Weaving: Decentralized to preserve traditional designs; done by handloom, power loom, and
mills.
DECENTRALIZED manje its basically happening in specific local areas and its not factory-fied
and made to happen all in one place, production is spread all over
- Issue: India produces high-quality yarn but struggles with quality weaving.
- Khadi: Provides large-scale employment as a cottage industry. (this point can
come as mcq - “how can large scale employment as cottage industry”)
JUTE TEXTILES
- Most mills in bengal
- Why???
- Jute producing areas are near
- Cheap water transport
- Lots of water in the area to process the jute
- Can hire ppl for cheap
SUGAR INDUSTRY
^^ V IMP
Did not come in any of boards so far, but I remember our teachers kept emphasizing this so ya
IRON AND STEEL -
ALSO
CN plateau has max iron and steel BECAUSE:
- low cost of iron ore,
- high grade raw materials in proximity
- cheap labour
- vast growth potential in the home market
ALUMINIUM SMELTING -
Regular supply of electricity and an assured source of raw material at minimum cost are the two
prime factors for location of the industry
CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES -
The chemical industry is its own largest consumer. Basic chemicals undergo processing to
further produce other chemicals that are used for industrial application, agriculture or directly
for consumer markets
FERTILIZER -
- Produces nitrogenous (urea), phosphatic, and complex fertilizers (NPK).
- Potash is fully imported due to lack of reserves.
- Expanded after the Green Revolution.
CEMENT -
- Cement - construction (houses, roads, bridges, etc.).
- Requires limestone, silica, gypsum, coal, electricity, and rail transport.
- Gujarat has key plants for Gulf market access.
-
AUTOMOBILE -
- Automobiles enable fast transport of goods and people.
- India manufactures trucks, buses, cars, motorcycles, scooters, and three-wheelers.
- Liberalization boosted demand, leading to industry growth.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY - (JUST BE THOROUGH WITH
THE PICS BELOW)
POLLUTION -
● air pollution: caused by harmful gases (SO₂, CO), dust, smoke, and toxic leaks from
factories and fuel burning. Affects health, animals, plants, and buildings.
● water pollution: caused by industrial waste (chemicals, dyes, heavy metals, plastics) from
factories. Fly ash, gypsum, and steel slag are major solid wastes.
● thermal pollution: hot water from industries harms aquatic life.
● nuclear pollution: waste from nuclear plants causes cancer and birth defects.
● soil pollution: industrial waste, chemicals, and garbage contaminate soil and
groundwater.
● noise pollution: causes stress, hearing loss, high blood pressure; sources include
industries, construction, and machines.
LOOK AT PIC BELOW !!!
U CAN DO BULLSHITTING FOR BELOW Q
VERY VERY VERY VERY IMP below down
HOW TO CONTROL DEGRADATION
If the q is asking about water write only first 3 pts.
NTPC - (EK BAAR D=READ IT and rmb maybe 3 easiest points)
● upgrade equipment for efficiency
● maximize ash use, reduce waste
● plant trees for balance
● manage ash, recycle water, reduce pollution
● track environment with data
